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JWAC Meeting
October 29, 2015
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Speaker Event Date

November 18 (Wednesday before Thanksgiving break)

After 8th period
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We will talk to APUSH, WHAP, and IB teachers to see if they
will offer extra credit for attending
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The topic is: Life as a Refugee (or something similar
depending on Dallas WAC availability)
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Trick or Treating for Cans
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Current planned date is October 31 from 3-6 pm.
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Location: Whichever neighborhood you want. Basically, we
just want to try to collect as many canned goods as possible
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You can count this as NHS service hours or CAS for IB.
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Dues
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$15

Get a JWAC pin!

What are they used for?

Food

Buying study material

Applying for Dallas WAC membership
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Officer Presentations
First 4 articles in the study guide
http://tinyurl.com/2016JWACStudyGuide
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US Department of State on
NATO
Sarah McDonald
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US Department of State on NATO
Sarah McDonald

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949) under the Truman
administration

Remains the world’s largest peacetime military alliance

Created by US, Canada, and several Western European nations to
provide collective security against the Soviet Union

First peacetime military alliance US entered into outside Western
Hemisphere

US were already helping European nations (who accepted the aid)
under the Marshall Plan, but communist threats on the borders of Italy
and Germany concerned the US.

US looked to form a European-American alliance that would commit the
US to bolstering the security of Western Europe due to increasing
tensions with the Soviet Union
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US Department of State on NATO
Sarah McDonald

Brussels Treaty (1948) signed by Great Britain, France, Belgium, the
Netherlands and Luxembourg to create Western Europe collective
defense

Before the signing of the NATO treaty, European nations wanted
assurances that the US would intervene automatically in event of attack,
but the US’s power to go to war rested with Congress

The United States, Canada, Belgium, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy,
Luxemburg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, and the United Kingdom
agreed to collective security (does not include attacks on colonial
territories)

1952, Greece and Turkey admitted into NATO, and Federal Republic of
Germany in 1955

Soviet version of NATO Treaty: The Warsaw Treaty Organization, which
includes Eastern European nations and Soviet satellite states
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NATO
Jin Lee
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Members

BELGIUM (1949)

CANADA (1949)


THE UNITED KINGDOM
(1949)
THE UNITED STATES
(1949)

DENMARK (1949)

FRANCE (1949)

GREECE (1952)

ICELAND (1949)

TURKEY (1952)

ITALY (1949)

GERMANY (1955)

LUXEMBOURG (1949)

SPAIN (1982)

NETHERLANDS (1949)

CZECH REPUBLIC (1999)

NORWAY (1949)

HUNGARY (1999)

PORTUGAL (1949)

POLAND (1999)

BULGARIA (2004)

ESTONIA (2004)

LATVIA (2004)

LITHUANIA (2004)

ROMANIA (2004)

SLOVAKIA (2004)

SLOVENIA (2004)

ALBANIA (2009)

CROATIA (2009)
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Basic Points

Political/Military Alliance

Political-promotes democratic values and encourages
consultation/cooperation on defense and security issues

Military-peaceful resolution of disputes, military capacity to
undertake crisis-management operations-article 5 of Washington
Treaty or UN mandate

Collective Security (Collective Defense) – 9/11

2010 Strategic Concept-Collective defense, crisismanagement
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Decisions and Consultations

Decisions by consensus – no voting

Crisis Management


Afghanistan, Kosovo, Counter-piracy, Mediterranean, African
Union
Partnerships-countries that work with NATO but are not a
part of NATO, 41 partner countries
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Key Events

1949-Birth of NATO through the Washington Treaty

1989-Fall of the Berlin Wall
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1991-Partnerships with some former USSR states

First crisis-management operation in Bosnia Herzegovina
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2001-9/11

2003-NATO takes command of ISAF in Afghanistan

2010- 2010 Strategic Concept- “Active Engagement, Modern
Defense”
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Working Structures

Each country has permanent delegation

North Atlantic Council-decision makers

Sub-committees

Secretary General

Military Committee
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Bookings Institution
Gordon Li
The
Purpose
of
NATO
Bookings
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Institute
Gordon Li

Problems arise regarding the purpose of NATO

The fall of the Soviet Union caused a loss of purpose in the
organization

NATO has opened membership to many former Soviet
satellites

Some support extending the organization beyond military
alliances

There is a lot of uncertainty in the future organization of
NATO
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Council on Foreign
Relations
Eric Sun
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Introduction

NATO is a cornerstone of transatlantic security

Founded in 1949 against Soviet aggression

Evolved to confront thrats from piracy off the Horn of Africa
to Taliban in Afghanistan
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A Post-Cold War Pivot
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After the demise of the Soviet Union in 1991, the future of
NATO was debated.

Pres. Clinton wanted to expand NATO to the east and
consolidate democratic gains, while some US officials wanted
to peel back Pentagon commitments in Europe
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European nations were also conflicted about alienating
Russia by accident
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Beyond Collective Defense

Article V of North Atlantic Treaty basically stated that an
attack on one member of NATO was an attack on all of them.
This collective defense ideology was shifted to confront
instability outside its membership
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The breakup of Yugoslavia became a turning point.
Operation Deny Flight (UN sanctioned a no-flight zone) in
April 1994 meant that NATO took combat operations by
shooting down four Bosnian Serb aircrafts violating this no-fly
zone.
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Sharing the Burden
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Primary financial contribution made by member states is
cost of deploying armed forces for NATO operations.
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In 2014, NATO members spent $850 billion on defense and
US account for 70%.
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In 2006, member states wanted to spend 2% GDP on defense,
but only US, UK, Greece, and Estonia met that goal.

NATO acknowledges that there is an over-reliance on the
United States for everything.
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Afghanistan and ISAF
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NATO invoked Article V (collective defense) after September
11 attacks.

NATO assumed command of International Security
Assistance Force to support a new Afghan government in
2003.

January 2015, NATO and more than a dozen partner countries
began a non-combat support mission of about 12,000 troops
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Relations with Russia

Moscow view NATO with concern since they believe that it breaks the
alleged guarantees to not expand eastward after German reunification
in 1990.

NATO and Russia have taken significant steps towards reconciliation
with signing of the 1997 Founding Act, which established official forum
for bilateral discussions.

NATO’s Bucharest summit in the spring of 2008 deepened distrust.
Delayed Membership Action Plans for Ukraine and Georgia, it vowed
support for Ukraine and Georgia and give them full membership in the
future.

Russia’s annexation of Crimea and destabilization of eastern Ukraine in
2014-2015 and poison relations.

NATO’s ballistic missile defense shield worries the Kremlin since it may
tip the strategic balance to the West.
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A Revived Alliance

NATO put new command centers six eastern periphery
states: Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and
Romania.

Develop Very High Readiness Joint Task Force
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NATO augment direct security collaboration with Ukraine.

US and UK send troops to train Ukrainian Personnel
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In the longer term, analysts believe Finland and Sweden will
join (even though they are two Partnership for Peace
countries with a history of avoiding military alignment)
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A Revived Alliance

NATO put new command centers six eastern periphery
states: Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and
Romania.

Develop Very High Readiness Joint Task Force

NATO augment direct security collaboration with Ukraine.

US and UK send troops to train Ukrainian Personnel

In the longer term, analysts believe Finland and Sweden will
join (even though they are two Partnership for Peace
countries with a history of avoiding military alignment)
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Practice Kahoot