UNIT 6 : Absolutism to Enlightenment to Scientific Revolution
NOTE: This is simply designed to help you in reviewing/preparing for the Unit #5 Exam, particularly the multiple-choice
portion of the objective exam. There is no guarantee that all material for all questions is covered here or anything.
Similarly, there are certainly items here that are NOT covered directly on the exam.
Absolute Monarchs in Europe, 1500 - 1800
– Philip II, Reconquista, Battle of Lepanto, Escorial, El Greco, Velazquez, Don Quixote, inflation, Dutch Revolt,
Rembrandt, Jan Vermeer, absolute monarch, divine right
– Huguenots, Henry of Navarre, Edict of Nantes, Cardinal Richelieu, skepticism, Montaigne, Rene Descartes, Louis XIV,
“The Sun King,” Cardinal Mazarin, intendants, Jean Baptiste Colbert, Versailles, War of the Spanish Succession
– Peace of Augsburg, Thirty Years’ War, Hapsburg, Gustavus Adolphus, Peace of Westphalia, Maria Theresa,
Hohenzollerns, Junkers, Frederick the Great, Seven Years’ War
– Ivan III (Ivan the Great), Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible), boyars, oprichnina, Time of Troubles, Mikhail Romanov, Peter the
Great, “Grand Embassy,” westernization, St. Petersburg
– Parliament, Puritans, Charles I, Petition of Right, English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell, Cavaliers, Roundheads,
Restoration, habeus corpus, Glorious Revolution, William and Mary, constitutional monarchy, cabinet
Major Concepts to Know:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
What were the ways in which Spain was affected by the rule of Philip II?
What political, economic and social factors contributed to weaken the Spanish empire?
Who were some of the major contributors to art and literature during the era of Philip II?
What were the major causes of absolutism?
What were the dominant characteristics of the rule of France’s Louis XIV?
How did Louis XIV weaken the nobility and establish absolute control?
What was the legacy of Louis XIV for France?
What were the major events in the Thirty Years’ War?
What were the lasting effects of the Thirty Years’ War?
How did Ivan III and Ivan IV affect Russia during their reigns?
What legacies did Ivan the Terrible (Ivan IV) leave for Russia?
What were the main components of Peter the Great’s “westernization” campaign?
What were the underlying and immediate causes of the English Civil War?
How did Oliver Cromwell impact England?
How did a constitutional monarchy evolve in England?
Chapter 22 – Enlightenment and Revolution, 1550 - 1789
– geocentric theory, Ptolemy, Scientific Revolution, heliocentric, Nicolaus Copernicus, Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler,
Galileo Galilei, Inquisition, scientific method, Francis Bacon, Rene Descartes, Isaac Newton, Edward Jenner, Robert Boyle
– Enlightenment, Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, social contract, John Locke, philosophes, Voltaire, Montesquieu,
separation of powers, Rousseau, Cesare Beccaria, Mary Wollstonecroft
– salons, Diderot, Encyclopedia, baroque, neoclassical, enlightened despots, Frederick the Great, Joseph II, Catherine the
Great, Partitions of Poland
– Navigation Act, French and Indian War, “no taxation without representation,” “Boston Tea Party,” Lexington and
Concord, Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson, Articles of Confederation, Constitution, checks and balances,
federal system, Bill of Rights
Major Concepts to Know:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
What factors contributed to the Scientific Revolution?
How did Nicolaus Copernicus contribute to the Scientific Revolution?
Why did Galileo come into conflict with the Catholic Church?
What did Thomas Hobbes and John Locke each see as the desirable “social contract?”
What were the major views of the philosophes?
What were the lasting legacies and impacts of the Enlightenment?
What were the features of the rule of an “enlightened despot?”
How did Catherine the Great impact Russia?
What were the key underlying causes of the American Revolution?
How did the ideas of the Enlightenment influence the American Revolution?
How did the American colonists win their independence from the British?
How did the Americans attempt to govern their new state?