Modern Chemistry
Semester 2
Bell Ringer 1-28-16
Use the kinetic molecular theory to
explain each of the following properties
of gases: expansion, fluidity, low density,
compressibility, and diffusion.
1-28-16 Continued…
Expansion: gas particles move rapidly in all directions without
significant attraction between them.
Fluidity: attractive forces between gas particles are too weak to hold
the particles in a rigid structure.
Low Density & Compressibility: gas particles are further apart than they
are in another state.
Diffusion: gas particles are in continuous and random motion
Exit 1-28-16
Explain why liquids in a test tube
form a meniscus.
1-28-16 Continued…
If the liquid is attracted to the glass, it is
pulled upward into the test tube creating
the concave surface. This is called
capillary action, and the surface is called
a meniscus.
Bell Ringer 1-29-16
Describe the solid state according to
the kinetic molecular theory.
1-29-16 Continued…
Solids consist of closely packed particles
held together by intermolecular forces;
these particles are able to move back and
forth about in fixed positions.
Exit 1-29-16
What is the vapor pressure of a
liquid? How is it measured?
1-29-16 Continued…
Pressure exerted by vapor in equilibrium
with its corresponding liquid at a given
temperature. Its is measured by
introducing a liquid into an evacuated
flask, allowing enough liquid to evaporate
to reach equilibrium, then measuring the
increase in gas pressure.
Bell Ringer 2-1-16
Why is a water molecule polar?
2-1-16 Continued…
The bent shape of the molecule…there is a large electronegativity
difference between oxygen and hydrogen atoms that results in overall
polarity of the molecule.
Exit 2-1-16
Why does ice float? Why is this
phenomenon important?
2-1-16 Continued…
Ice floats because it is less dense than
liquid water. Due to its low density, ice
forms only on the surface. The solid layer
insulates the liquid water below it. This
prevents a total freeze, which would kill
most living things in lakes etc.
Bell Ringer 2-2-16
Fe, Mn, Cr & Ni Cation Lab Day!
Have your Composition Notebook out for Labs
Make the entry in the Table of Contents
Name
Period #
Honors Chemistry
Lab Book
1
Page Content
1
Table of Contents
2
Measurements
Lab
3-5
Separation of a
Mixture
7-9
Percentage of
Water
11-15 Flame Test Lab
17-19 Group IA & IIA
Cations
21-24 Fe, Mn, Cr & Ni
Cations Lab
Bell Ringer 2-3-16
You will be continuing your lab on Fe, Mn, Cr and Ni Cation
identification. BEFORE you can begin, your lab must be checked to
ensure that it has the following parts:
Questioning:
Predicting:
Procedure: (check for variables)
Safety:
Bell Ringer 2-4-16
This is your Unknown Identification portion of the lab on Fe, Mn, Cr
and Ni Cation identification. Be seated and ready for attendance before
finishing your lab. Remember that your final sections should have the
following parts:
Data & Observations:
Calculations & Results: Qualitative!!!
Discussion of Results:
Additional Questions: COMPLETE SENTENCES
Bell Ringer 2-5-16
This is your final day of the lab on Fe, Mn, Cr and Ni Cation
identification. Be seated and ready for attendance before finishing your
lab. Remember that your final sections should have the following parts:
Data & Observations:
Calculations & Results: Qualitative!!!
Discussion of Results:
Additional Questions: COMPLETE SENTENCES
Additional Questions
What are names of the following compounds:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
NaOH
NiCl2
MnCl3
FeCl2
CrCl3
Bell Ringer 2-8-16
Please do not be pain for the substitute. Your grade will feel it…There may
be calls home for students that do not come prepared.
Fill out the chart below in your Learning Log:
Name of the Law
Formula
Boyle’s Law
V1 = V2
T1
T2
Gay-Lassac’s Law
P1V1 = P2V2
T1
T2
Volume is directly proportion
to n
Ideal Gas Law
Bell Ringer 2-8-16 Continued
Fill out the chart below in your Learning Log:
Name of the Law
Formula
Boyle’s Law
P1V1 = P2V2
Charle’s Law
V1 = V2
T1
T2
Gay-Lassac’s Law
P1 = P2
T1 T2
Combined Gas Law
P1V1 = P2V2
T1
T2
Avogadro’s Law
Volume is directly proportion
to n
Ideal Gas Law
PV = nRT
Exit 2-8-16
To Update me on how your group work is
going…I would like you to note the
following for your exit:
1)Who is in charge of what parts of your
presentation?
2)What do you need to work on most
tomorrow?
Bell Ringer 2-9-16
Finish each of the following statements:
_______ Law states that if temperature decreases then volume decreases.
______ Law states that P1V1=P2V2 if the temperature remains constant
______ Law reduces Boyle’s, Charle’s, Gay-Lussac’s and Avogadro’s laws.
______ Law states that if volume increases then number of moles increases.
_____ Law states that if the pressure increases then the volume decreases.
_____ Law states that if volume is constant, pressure increases then temperature increases.
Bell Ringer 2-9-16 Continued…
Finish each of the following statements:
Charle’s Law states that if temperature decreases then volume decreases.
Boyle’s Law states that P1V1=P2V2 if the temperature remains constant
Ideal Gas Law reduces Boyle’s, Charle’s, Gay-Lussac’s and Avogadro’s laws.
Avagadro’s Law states that if volume increases then number of moles increases.
Boyle’s Law states that if the pressure increases then the volume decreases.
Gay-Lussac’s Law states that if volume is constant, pressure increases then temperature increases.
Exit 2-9-16
Presentation update:
Write 3 sentences explaining at LEAST
three things you were able to do today
for your groups presentation.
Bell Ringer 2-10-16
Write as much of the 8 solubility
rules story into your Learning Log as
you know so far…
Bell Ringer 2-10-16
What are the standard conditions for
gas measurements?
Bell Ringer 2-10-16 Continued…
0 C and 1 atm pressure
Exit 2-10-16
Explain why helium-filled balloons
deflate over time faster than air
filled balloons do.
Exit 2-10-16 Continued…
The average velocity of Helium molecules is higher than
that of the molecules of gases found in regular air (little
guys are the fastest). Helium molecules escape through
the pores in the balloon more quickly. Most people
think they are smaller so they fit more easily through
the pores…partially true but really it is because they
crash around faster so they have more chances to get
out based on their faster speed.
Bell Ringer 2-11-16
Here is a check list of what you should have done while I have been out. This
is a Catch Up Day. Please have all work DONE for tomorrow:
Chapter 10 Learning Log is COMPLETE and Ready to Grade tomorrow
Cation Fe, Mn, Cr & Ni Lab is COMPLETE and Ready to Grade tomorrow
Your portion of the Team Presentation is COMPLETE and you are ready to
present when your day is here…
For your BR today…Write me a note as to what your are focusing on in class.
Please do not be pain for the substitute. Your grade will feel it…There may be
calls home for students that do not come prepared.
Exit 2-11-16
State the ideal gas law equation, and
tell what each term means.
Exit 2-11-16 Continued…
PV = nRT
P=Pressure in atm
V= Volume in L
n = amount in moles
R = is a constant we know 0.0821 Latm/mol  K
T = Temperature in K
If they give you P, V or T in anything other than atm, L or K you HAVE to
convert it!
C + 273.15 = K
or K - 273.15 = C
Bell Ringer 2-12-16
If a student is asked to convert 1.75 atm
into kPa and mmHg, is the student
correct if they conclude that there are
177 kPa and 1300 mmHg? Justify your
reasons…
Bell Ringer 2-16-16
Exam 10
Please pick up your remote that is assigned
to your name. You may use scratch paper on
the test and a calculator (NO CELL PHONE).
Please be ready for the exam to begin.
Bell Ringer 2-17-16
The volume of a gas is 27.5 ml at
22.0 degrees C and 0.947 atm. What
will the volume be at 15.0 degrees C
and 0.993 atm?
Exit 2-17-16
Evaluate the following problem. Then determine
if the answer provided is correct or incorrect.
At STP, what is the volume of 7.08 mol of Nitrogen
gas?
Proposed Answer: 142 L
Bell Ringer 2-18-16
What volume of oxygen gas is needed to produce
0.626 L of carbon dioxide gas? Assume all volume
measurements are made at the same
temperature and pressure.
C3H8 + O2  CO2 + H2O
Exit 2-18-16
What pressure, in atm, is exerted by
0.325 mol of hydrogen gas in 4.08 L
container at 35 degrees C?
Bell Ringer 2-19-16
A gas sample occupies 8.77 L at 20
degrees C. What is the pressure in
atm, given that there are 1.45 mol of
gas in the sample?
Exit 2-19-16
A 4.44 L container holds 15.4 g of
oxygen at 22.5 C. What is the
pressure?
Bell Ringer 2-22-16
A sample of nitrogen gas occupies
1.55 L at 27.0 C and 1.00 atm. What
will the volume be at -100.0 C and
the same pressure.
Exit 2-22-16
Convert the following pressures into
pressure in standard atmospheres (atm).
151.98 kPa
456 torr
Bell Ringer 2-23-16
Today is PVT Math Day Time Out!
For you Bell Ringer please copy the following
information:
1 torr = 1 mm Hg
1 atm = 760 torr or 760 mm Hg
1 atm = 1.01325 x 105 Pa
1 atm = 101.325 kPa
Exit 2-23-16
Cleaning room used for sterile biological
research are sealed and operate at
slightly above atmospheric pressure.
Explain why you would want the room
above the pressure outside the room.
Bell Ringer 2-24-16
Turn you book to page 384…
Note that R has many values but we have only
been focusing on 0.0821 Latm/molK
Why are there so many other values listed and
what is their purpose?
Exit 2-24-16
A tank of hydrogen gas has a volume of 22.9 L and holds 14.0 moles of
the gas at 12 C. What is the pressure of the gas in atm?
Bell Ringer 2-25-16
Exam 11
Please pick up your remote that is assigned
to your name. You may use scratch paper on
the test and a calculator (NO CELL PHONE).
Please be ready for the exam to begin.
2-26-16 Bell Ringer
Write your 8 solubility rules story
into your Learning Log…
2-26-16 Exit
Classify the following as either a heterogeneous
or homogenous mixture, and explain your
answers.
Orange Juice
&
Tap Water
2-29 Bell Ringer
What is the molarity of a solution
composed of 5.85 g of KI dissolved in
enough water to make 0.125 L of
solution?
(Note P2…you have seen this question before)
2-29-16 Exit
What are substances called whose water solutions conduct electricity?
Why does a salt solution conduct electricity?
Why does a sugar-water solution not conduct electricity?
3-1-16 Bell Ringer
What is the molality of acetone in a
solution composed of 255g of acetone,
(CH3)2CO, dissolved in 200. g of water?
3-1-16 Exit
Why would you expect a packet of sugar to
dissolve faster in hot tea than in iced tea?
3-2-16 Bell Ringer
Go back to your Bell Ringer for 226…Translate the 8 solubility rule hints we
practiced in class to what they actually stand
for in chemistry.
3-2-16 Exit
We dissolve 5.00 grams of sugar, C12H22O11, in
water to make 1.000 L of solution. What is
the concentration of this solution expressed
as a molarity?
3-3-16 Bell Ringer
How many moles of H2SO4 are present in
0.500 L of a 0.150 M H2SO4 solution?
3-3-16 Exit
You evaporate all the water from
100. ml of NaCl solution and obtain
11.3 grams of NaCl. What was the
molarity of the NaCl solution?
3-4-16 Bell Ringer
Exam 12
Please pick up your remote that is assigned to
your name. You may use scratch paper in the test
and a calculator (NO CELL PHONE). Please be
ready for the exam to begin.
3-7-16 Bell Ringer
Dissociation is the separation of ions that occurs when
ionic compounds dissolve.
How many moles of ions are contained in 1 L of a 1 M
solution of KCl? Of Mg(NO3)2?
Why do covalent bonds not have dissociation?
3-7-16 Exit
Identify the spectator ions in the
reaction between KCl and AgNO3
in an aqueous solution.
3-8-16 Bell Ringer (2 slides)
Write the equation for the dissolution of each of
the following in water, and then indicate the total
number of moles of solute ions formed.
a) 0.50 mol strontium nitrate
b) 0.50 mol sodium phosphate
3-8-16 Bell Ringer Continued…
Write the equation for the dissolution of each of the following
in water, and then indicate the total number of moles of
solute ions formed.
a) 0.50 mol strontium nitrate
Sr(NO3)2  Sr2+ + 2NO31.50 moles of ions
b) 0.50 mol sodium phosphate
Na3PO4  3Na+ + PO43- 2.0 moles of ions
3-8-16 Exit (2 slides)
Write the formulas of the following compounds with BALANCED
charges:
Sodium Carbonate
Barium Phosphate
If you mix them in aq form, will there be a precipitate?
3-8-16 Exit
Write the formulas of the following compounds with BALANCED charges:
Sodium Carbonate Na2CO3
Barium Phosphate Ba3(PO4)2
If you mix them in aq form, will there be a precipitate?
Na + PO4 = insoluble so yes precip
Ba + CO3 = insoluble so yes precip
3-9-16 Bell Ringer
How does the presence of a nonvolatile solute affect
each of the following properties of the solvent in which
the solute is dissolved?
a) Vapor pressure
b) Freezing point
c) Boiling point
d) Osmotic pressure
3-9-16 Bell Ringer Continued…
How does the presence of a nonvolatile solute affect
each of the following properties of the solvent in which
the solute is dissolved?
a) Vapor pressure (Lowers)
b) Freezing point (Lowers)
c) Boiling point (Raises)
d) Osmotic pressure (Increases)
3-9-16 Exit
Compare the effects of the nonvolatile
electrolytes with the effects of nonvolatile
nonelectrolytes on the freezing and boiling points
of solvents in which they are dissolved?
Why are such differences observed?
3-9-16 Exit Continued…
Compare the effects of the nonvolatile electrolytes with the effects of
nonvolatile nonelectrolytes on the freezing and boiling points of
solvents in which they are dissolved?
A nonvolatile electrolyte will lower the freezing point or raise the
boiling point more than a nonelectrolyte at the same concentration
will.
Why are such differences observed?
One mole of a nonelectrolyte produces 1 mol of particles in solution. A
mole of nonvolatile electrolyte produces more than 1 mol of ions in
solution.
3-10-16 Bell Ringer
Today we start the Penny Lab…All you
need is the Procedure in your own words
and a “data” spot to tape your two
pennies. Be prepared to answer
additional questions tomorrow.
3-11-16 Bell Ringer
Penny Lab Continued…
Additional Questions:
1) Given one example of something in real life that is made of
Brass
2) At one point pirate and old sailing vessels used to keep
their cannon balls on a brass stand that looked very similar
to a set of shelves for bowling balls. Brass contracts more
drastically in cold then most metals. Predict what occurred
when a sailing ship encountered a cold day at sea.
3-14-16 Bell Ringer
Why does the actual freezing-point
depression of an electrolytic solution
differ from the freezing-point
depression calculated on the basis of
the concentration of particles?
3-14-16 Bell Ringer Continued…
Why does the actual freezing-point depression of
an electrolytic solution differ from the freezingpoint depression calculated on the basis of the
concentration of particles?
The difference is caused by the attractive forces
between the ions in the solution.
3-14-16 Exit
What colligative properties are represented by each of
the following situations?
Antifreeze is added to a car’s cooling system to prevent
freezing when the air temperature is below 0C.
Ice melts on sidewalks after salt has been spread on
them.
3-15-16 Bell Ringer
Exam 13
Please pick up your remote that is assigned
to your name. You may use scratch paper in
the test and a calculator (NO CELL PHONE).
Please be ready for the exam to begin.
3-16-16 Bell Ringer
Summarize the 5 characteristics of an
acid and 5 characteristics of a base.
ACTUALLY write them in your own
words…you will need them later (see
page 468 and 471).
3-16-16 Exit
Why are strong acids also strong electrolytes?
Is every strong electrolyte also a strong acid?
3-17-16 Bell Ringer
What are the similarities between a
binary acid and an oxyacid (look at
their chemical formulas)?
3-17-16 Exit
Complete and balance the following reactions:
H2CO3 + Sr(OH)2 
HClO4 + NaOH 
HBr + Ba(OH)2 
NaHCO3 + H2SO4 
3-17-16 Exit Continued…
Complete and balance the following reactions:
H2CO3 + Sr(OH)2  SrCO3 + 2H2O
HClO4 + NaOH  NaClO4 + H2O
2HBr + Ba(OH)2  BaBr2 + 2H2O
NaHCO3 + H2SO4  Na2SO4 + 2H2O + 2CO2
3-18-16 Bell Ringer
What is the difference between
Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis
acids/bases.
3-18-16 Exit
For the reaction below, label each reactant as
an electron pair acceptor or electron pair
donor and as a Lewis acid or Lewis base.
AlCl3 + Cl  AlCl4
3-29-16 Bell Ringer
Hg, Ag, Zn, & Cu Cation Lab Day!
Have your Composition Notebook out for Labs
Make the entry in the Table of Contents
Name
Period #
Honors Chemistry
Lab Book
1
Page Content
1
Table of Contents
2
Measurements
Lab
3-5
Separation of a
Mixture
7-9
Percentage of
Water
11-15 Flame Test Lab
17-19 Group IA & IIA
Cations
21-24 Fe, Mn, Cr & Ni
Cations Lab
25-29 Hg, Ag, Zn, Cu
Cations Lab
3-30-16 Bell Ringer
You will be continuing your lab on Hg, Ag, Zn and Cu Cation
identification. BEFORE you can begin, your lab must be checked to
ensure that it has the following parts:
Questioning:
Predicting:
Procedure: (check for variables)
Safety:
3-31-16 Bell Ringer
This is your Unknown Identification portion of the lab on Hg, Ag, Zn, &
Cu Cation identification. Be seated and ready for attendance before
finishing your lab. Remember that your final sections should have the
following parts:
Data & Observations:
Calculations & Results: Qualitative!!!
Discussion of Results:
Additional Questions: COMPLETE SENTENCES
4-1-16 Bell Ringer
This is your final day of the lab on Hg, Ag, Zn, & Cu Cation
identification. Be seated and ready for attendance before finishing your
lab. Remember that your final sections should have the following parts:
Data & Observations:
Calculations & Results: Qualitative!!!
Discussion of Results:
Additional Questions: COMPLETE SENTENCES
4-1-16 Continued…
Additional Question
1) Some cations are soluble in water and others are not. We can force them
to become soluble/insoluble by adding either _____________ or
___________. This either makes a precip form or dissolves one.
2) What are the names of:
HCl
HNO3
HOAC
NaOH
3) Which are acids and bases in question #2?
4) Why did it take a ton of NaOH on the right side?
4-4-16 Bell Ringer
Identify the conjugate acid and conjugate base in the equation below:
HCl + H20  H3O+ + Cl-
4-4-16 Exit
A classmate states, “All compounds
containing H atoms are acids, and all
compounds containing OH groups are
bases.” Do you agree? Give examples.
4-5-16 Bell Ringer
Exam 14
Please pick up your remote that is assigned to your name. You may use
scratch paper in the test and a calculator (NO CELL PHONE). Please be
ready for the exam to begin.
4-6-16 Titration Lab Day!
Have your Composition Notebook out for Labs
Make the entry in the Table of Contents
Name
Period #
Honors Chemistry
Lab Book
1
Page Content
1
Table of Contents
2
Measurements
Lab
3-5
Separation of a
Mixture
7-9
Percentage of
Water
11-15 Flame Test Lab
17-19 Group IA & IIA
Cations
21-24 Fe, Mn, Cr & Ni
Cations Lab
25-29 Hg, Ag, Zn, Cu
Cations Lab
31-34 Titration Lab
4-7-16 Bell Ringer
You will be continuing your lab on Titration. BEFORE you can begin,
your lab must be checked to ensure that it has the following parts:
Questioning:
Predicting:
Procedure: (check for variables)
Safety:
4-8-16 Bell Ringer
This is your final day for data collection. Be seated and ready for
attendance before finishing your lab. Remember that your final
sections should have the following parts:
Data & Observations:
Calculations & Results: Qualitative & Quantitative!!!
Discussion of Results:
Additional Questions: COMPLETE SENTENCES
4-11-16 Additional Questions
1) When you added deionized water to the HCl solution in the
Erlenmeyer flask before titrating, why did the addition of water not
affect the results?
2) What characteristic of phenolphthalein made it appropriate to use in
this titration?
3) Could you have done the experiment without it?
4) How does phenolphthalein’s end point relate to the equivelence
point of reaction?
4-12-16 Bell Ringer
You will need to follow your lab write up hand out to ensure that you
will earn full points. You have today and tomorrow in the computer
lab to complete your write up. You must have it submitted to
Turnitin.com by Sunday night by midnight for full credit. Remember it
tells me how much of your report is similar to others! This should be
YOUR words!
4-13-16 Bell Ringer
You will need to follow your lab write up hand out to ensure that you
will earn full points. You have today and tomorrow in the computer
lab to complete your write up. You must have it submitted to
Turnitin.com by Sunday night by midnight for full credit. Remember it
tells me how much of your report is similar to others! This should be
YOUR words!