Option 8
Culture and Identity
Outline of Presentation
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Content of Option
Linkages
Resources and activities
Examples for Case Studies
Activities and Resources
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Maps
Photographs
Internet
Statistics
Statistics
Group work/Pair work
Individual research
Useful Websites
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www.undp.org
www.prb.org
www.survival-international.org
www.wikipedia.org
www.statssa.gov.za
www.swissworld.org
www.aboutch.com
www.recensement.ch
www.cco.caltech.edu/bosnia
www.odci.gov
www.nytimes.com/specials/bosnia
www.factbites.com
What is cultural identity?
Cultural identity is the feeling of identity of a
group or of an individual, as far as one is
influenced by his/her belonging to a group or
culture.
Ethnicity/
Race
Language
Culture and
Identity
Nationality
Religion
Cultural Identity
Linkages and Settings
Culture and Identity
Elective 5
Core 2
Human Aspects of
Regions
Ireland
e.g. West
N. Ireland
Europe
e.g. Basques
Balkans
Continental/
Subcontinental
e.g. S. Africa
Aboriginies
Native Americans
8.1 Populations
Populations can be examined according to
physical and cultural indicators such as race,
language, religion and nationality.
Outcomes: recognise ethnic groups as
classification of population and examine
language and religion as cultural indicators.
8.1 Key Concepts
Multi-racial
Society
Expressions
of Identity
Racial Conflict
Migration and
Colonisation
POPULATIONS
Language
Religion
Religious
Conflict
8.1 Populations
Ethnicity/Race
Ethnic/Racial patterns are influenced by:
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Historic migrations
Recent migrations
Colonialism
Core 2 Settings
Elective 5.3
8.1 Populations (Race)
World Races
8.1 Populations (Race)
World Races
1 African
2 American Indian
3 Asian
4 Australian
5 European
6 Indian
7 Melanesian
8 Micronesian
9 Polynesian
8.1 Populations
Multi racial societies
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U.S.A
Europe
Case studies Ireland,Britian, France, Germany
Brazil
South Africa
Australia
8.1 Populations (Race)
Multi-racial world
8.1 Populations
Racial Conflict
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U.S.A (black/white, native American)
France
Britain (general election race issue)
South Africa
Russia
Sudan,Rwanda,Burundi
India/Pakistan/Kashmir
Roma
Tibet
Aboriginal land rights, Australia
Kurds
8.1 Populations
Movement of People
Racial patterns influenced by:
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Historic migrations
Recent migrations
Colonialism
Core 2 Settings
Elective 5.3
8.1 Populations (Colonialism & Migration)
Historic Migrations
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Barbarians – Huns, Goths, Visigoths (from Eastern
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Islamic Moors (from Arabia to Europe via Balkans)
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Vikings (from Denmark and Norway to Iceland and W.
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Slave Trade (from Africa to the Americas)
Europe to Western Europe)
Europe)
8.1 Populations
Recent Migrations
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Europeans – N & S America, Africa, Australia
Africans – N & S America
Mexicans – United States
Jews - Israel
8.1 Populations
Colonial Empires 1945
8.1 Populations (Colonisation)
U.S/European Colonial Powers1945
Region
Percentage Controlled
Africa
90.4%
Polynesia
98.9%
Asia
56.5%
Australia
100%
Americas
27.2%
8.1 Populations
Understanding the impact of colonialism
Later Colonialism
Early Colonialism
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Roman
Mongolian
Arab
Osmanic
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Britain
France
Belgium
Germany/Italy
Portugal
Dutch
Spain
Soviet
8.1 Populations
Impact of colonialism
Media colonialism
Cultural colonialism
Language colonialism
8.1 Populations
Language as a Cultural Indicator
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World languages
European languages
Core 2
Settings
Influence of mass media
Minority languages – policies for survival
8.1 Populations (Language)
8.1 Populations (Language)
Indo-European Languages
8.1 Populations
Indo-European Languages
8.1 Population (Language)
Influence of the Mass Media
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TG4 and TV5
RNG
Sky News and CNN
Pop Music
Written media
Internet
8.1 Populations (Language)
Influence of the media
8.1 Populations (Language)
Scots Gaelic/Welsh
8.1 Populations (Language)
Policies for Survival
European Charter for Regional or Minority
Languages
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European Convention 1992
8.1 Populations (Language)
Udarás na Gaeltachta
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Ráiteas Misin
An Ghaeltacht a bhuanú agus
a neartú agus an Ghaeilge a
chur chun cinn ionas gur
féidir le pobal láidir
féinmhuiníneach forbairt
chun a lánchumas a
chomhlíonadh agus
caighdeán ard beatha a bhaint
amach.
Mission Statement
To preserve and strengthen
the Gaeltacht and the Irish
language so that strong, selfconfident communities can
emerge to achieve their full
potential and enjoy a high
quality of life.
8.1 Population (Language)
Minority language (an Ghaeilge)
8.1 Populations (Language)
Policies for Survival - Ireland
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Radio na Gaeltachta
TG4
Language Act 2003
Local stations e.g. Nemeton Teo, An Rinn
Language Schools
Festivals
Gaelscoileanna
8.1 Populations (Language)
Policies for Survival - Wales
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Welsh Language Board
Welsh Education Act
Eisteddfods (Festivals)
S4C
Plaid Cymru
8.1 Populations
Religion as a Cultural Indicator
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World Religions
Religious Conflict
Church and State
Core 2 Settings
Elective 5.3
8.1 Populations (Religion)
8.1 Populations
Major religions of the world
8.1 Populations
Religious Conflict
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Northern Ireland 1969 Catholic Vs Protestants
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Sudan 1983 Muslims Vs Native Religions
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Iraq 1991 Sunnites Vs Shiites
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Yugoslavia (Bosnia) 1991 Orthodox Christians Vs
Catholics Vs Muslims
8.1 Populations (Religion)
Church/State relations 1937 Constitution
DeValera
McQuaid
8.1 Populations
Religious/cultural conflict
8.1 Populations (Religion)
RANGERS v CELTIC
8.1 Populations
Religious/cultural conflict
8.1 Populations (Religion)
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COMPETING IDENTITIES
Derry
 Londonderry
Six Counties
 Ulster
The North of Ireland
 The Province
Daily Ireland
 Belfast Telegraph
Celtic
 Rangers
Cliftonville
 Linfield
Séamus
 Sammy
8.1 Populations
Expressions of Culture and Identity
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Art
Sport
Traditions
Festivals
Costume
Core 2
Settings
8.1 Populations
Expression of identity
8.1 Populations (Expression of Identity)
Sport/ traditions
8.1 Populations (Expression of Identity)
Irish identity?
8.1 Population (Expression of Identity)
Spanish tradition
8.1 Populations (Expression of
Greek /Spanish dress
Identity)
8.1 Populations (Expression of Identity)
European identity /where?
8.1 Populations (Expressions of Identity)
What countries do you identify?
8.2 Nationality and Nation State
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Physical/political boundaries
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Cultural groups within nation states
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Cultural groups without nationality
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Conflicts between political structure and cultural
groups
Linkages and Settings
Culture and Identity
Core 2
Human Aspects of
Regions
Ireland
e.g. West
N. Ireland
Europe
e.g. Basques
Balkans
Continental/
Subcontinental
e.g. S. Africa
Aboriginies
Native Americans
8.2 Nationality and Nation State
Physical Boundaries
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Mountains – Andes, Alps, Pyrennes
Sea – Ireland
River – Shannon, Rhine, Zambezi
Lake – Canada / North America, Lake Michigan
8.2 Nationality and Nation State
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Political Boundaries
Northern Ireland
Canada and USA
Continental/Sub continental region
East / West Germany
8.2 Cultural groups within nation states
“The Rainbow Nation” {R.S.A}
Language Groups
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English
Afrikaans
Ndebele
Sotho
Xhosa
Venda
Tswana
Zulu
Swazi
Tsonga
8.2 Cultural groups within nation states
Cultural Groups in South Africa
8.2 Cultural Groups within Nation States
8.2 Cultural groups within nation states
8.2 Cultural groups without nationality
Khoikhoi
San
8.2 Cultural groups without nationality
8.2 Cultural Groups without Nationality
Europe's Roma/Chechnya
8.2 Cultural Groups without
Nationality and in exile
8.2 Conflicts between political structures
and cultural groups.
Kashmiri Pandits
8.2 Conflict between political
structures and cultural groups.
The “Holy Land”
8.2 Conflict between political structures
and cultural groups.
Native Americans
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Conflict map
8.3 Identity in Europe
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Identity as a concept entails a variety of
cultural factors including
nationality,language,race,and religion
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Case Study: European region
Linkages and Settings
Culture and Identity
Core 2
Human Aspects of
Regions
Europe
e.g.Basques
Balkans, N. Ireland,
Switzerland etc.
Possible Areas for Study
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The Balkans
Celtic regions
Switzerland
Cyprus
Spain
Catalonia,
Galicia,
Basque
Brittany
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Sardinia
Belgium
“Lapland”
Bosnia Hertz.
Macedonia
Albania
Croatia
Serbia
Slovenia
Ireland
Ethnic Groups
in Eastern
Europe
8.3 Culture and Identity
A European Region
The Balkans
The Balkans
The Balkans
Nationality
Bosnia
Croatia
Religion as a Cultural Indicator
Balkans
SERBIA
Orthodox Christians
Pop.9.8 million
Bosnia-Hertz.
Muslim
Pop.4.6 million
Croatia
Catholic
Pop.4.8 million
Religion as a Cultural Indicator
Serbian Religious Icons
Bosnian Symbols
Serbian Orthodox
The Role of Migration
FORCED MIGRATION
(Ethnic Cleansing)
Bosnians from Serbia
Serbs from Croatia
Croats and Serbs
Invade Bosnia
Bosnia Herzegovina
Ethnic Divisions 1991 and 1997
New Boundaries
Music as an Expression of Identity
Bosnian Music
Music as an expression of Identity
Serbian music
Serbian Kolo dance
Serbian music
favours brass
especially
clarinet
Art as an expression of Identity
Serbian Art
Art as an Expression of Identity
Bosnian Art
Costume as a Cultural Indicator
New Boundaries
New Boundaries (1995)
8.3 Culture and Identity
A European Region
Switzerland
Switzerland
Swissness “unity but not uniformity”.
Boundaries
Physical and Political
Physical Boundaries
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Mountains – Jura
Rivers – Rhine
Lakes – Lake Geneva
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Physical Regions –
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Alps 60%
Plateau 30%
Jura 10%
Political Boundaries
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European borders – Germany, Austria, Italy,
France
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Cantons
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Federal State
Political Boundaries
Language as a Cultural Indicator
Language as a Cultural Indicator
Cultural Groups - Media
Cultural Groups – Media
Religion as a Cultural Indicator
The Role of Migration
The Role of Migration
New Boundaries
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EU enlargement
Eastern Europe and the Balkans
Germany
Member of the United Nations
Art as an Expression of Identity
Music as an Expression of Identity
Festivals as Expressions of Identity
World races
Multi-racial
societies
Racial
Conflict
Impact of
Migration and
Colonisation
8.1 Movement
of people
8.1 Ethnicity /
Race
8.1 Language
Culture
and
Identity
8.2 Nationality
World Religions
Conflict
Church and
State
8.1 Religion
Physical/Political
Boundaries
Nation state
Conflict
8.3 European
Case Study
Core 2
Settings