The Renaissance
1300-1600
•
Is it better to be feared or loved as a
leader?
– …as a teacher?
– …as a friend?
•
Please explain and provide examples
to support your answer.
Renaissance
Notes 1
Rebirth!
• The 100 years War and the Bubonic Plague had
lasting effects on the people of the Middle Ages.
• Those that survived, wanted to celebrate life, and
the human spirit.
• Many people questioned the church, they turned
from awaiting their reward in Heaven and now
lived to cherish life in the “now”.
• This new focus on the Human and all of life's gifts
in this world ignited a revival of art and learning.
• Renaissance – “rebirth” was the name given to
this time period. It lasted from 1300-1600 AD.
Classical & Worldly Values
• The study of classic works of the Greeks and
Romans influenced new ideas and thought.
• The study of classical texts led to Humanism, an
intellectual movement that focused on human
potential and achievement.
• Humanist popularized the study of such subjects
as history, literature, and philosophy – these
today are known as the humanities.
• The Renaissance was not a time of sacrifice but
indulgence – enjoying what the world had to
offer.
• The renaissance was born in Northern Italy and
eventually spread throughout Europe.
“The Renaissance Man”
• During this period most people remained devout
Catholics, however some became secular- worldly
rather than spiritual and concerned with here and now.
• Many wealthy people including kings, and high ranking
members of the church spent money on art, and they
became known as patrons.
• The Renaissance writers introduced the idea that all
educated people were expected to make art, and excel
in many areas of study.
• “The Renaissance Man” – “universal Man” - was the
term given to a man who excelled in many areas of
study, created art, and was also athletic.
• Renaissance women were expected to inspire art, as
well as be educated in the classics.
Renaissance Literature
• Many early Renaissance writers were critical of the Catholic
church, and focused many of their writings on pointing out
failures.- these writers became known as Christian Humanists.
• One example is Thomas More of England who wrote Utopia,
Greek for “no place”, which tried to show a better model of society.
– The book was about an imaginary land where greed,
corruption and war are nonexistent.
• The Renaissance had spread to England by the 1500s, a time
known as the Elizabethan Age, after Queen Elizabeth I.
• The most famous writer of this time was William Shakespeare.
– Writers use the vernacular—their native language
• Some plays include Othello, Romeo & Juliet and King Lear.
The Printing Press
• Around 1440 -Johann Gutenberg a craftsman from
Germany invented the Printing Press.
• The Printing press made it possibly to produce
books and other literature quickly and cheaply.
• Printing Press was cheap & efficient.
• A greater availability of books prompted a desire
for learning and a rise in literacy.
• New published accounts of discovery,
maps & charts and inventions.
• Published laws and legal proceedings.
• New jobs available.
The Printing Press
• Gutenberg Printing Press
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ksLaBnZVRnM
• Modern Letter Press
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tqUqbwEawHM
LBHS
• http://explore.levi.com/news/design/levis
-makers-forestbound/
• James Tucker
– Long Branch High School Class of 2002
Niccolo Machiavelli
• Machiavelli Advises
Rulers
– Niccolo Machievelli,
author of a political
guidebook, The
Prince
– The Prince examines
how rulers can gain
and keep power
#ModernPrintingPress
• What technologies do we have today that is
comparable to the printing press?
• Who has access to these technologies?
• What is the potential benefit?
• What is the potential danger?
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rej9n3CDtRY
• If I gave you this
map, what
question(s)
would you ask
me?
• Why?
• This curiosity will
help lead to the
Age of
Exploration
Renaissance
Notes 2
Looking back…
•
•
•
•
•
What does the word “renaissance” mean?
Where was the birthplace of the Renaissance?
What is Humanism?
What is the definition of a Renaissance Man?
What art styles did Renaissance art draw
techniques from?
Changes in Art & Society
• Art forms brought back Greek and Roman styles.
• Artist began to create art that was more secular,
while still focusing on religious art with a humanist
touch.
• The printing press made more information available
and sparked a new interest in reading.
• Published accounts of new discoveries, maps, and
charts led to more discoveries.
• Published legal proceedings made laws clear, and
more people understood their rights.
• People & writers began to question political
structures & religious practices.
Renaissance Art
• Drew on techniques
and styles of classical
Greece and Rome.
• Paintings and
sculptures portrayed
individuals and nature
more realistically.
• It portrayed religious
subjects with a realistic
style.
• They introduced the
technique perspective,
which shows 3
dimensions on a flat
surface.
Merchants & The Medici
• The merchant class rose to power in many citystates throughout Italy.
• Because this class did not have royal bloodlines,
they used wit to succeed in business enterprises,
and win the people over.
• In the 1200s the banking industry came under
control of a powerful family, the Medici.
• The Medici’s made money by giving loans, much
like a modern bank.
• The Medici family controlled Florence under a
dictatorship, and created a non-royal dynasty.
• What kind of symbolism do you get from
the clip?
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68bWYi
j_FgM
• Who are the Turtles? The Rat?
• If you could change 1 thing at LBHS
what would it be?
• Explain
The Reformation
Notes 1
Causes of the Reformation
• Renaissance ideas focused on
humanism and the individual not
the church.
• Corrupt leaders of the
church.
– Popes fathered children.
– Lived a lavish lifestyle, and
spent extravagantly.
– Hired poor, uneducated priest
to perform religious duties.
– Papal Bulls: can override
laws, excommunicate,
canonize, and promote
people to church positions.
The sale of indulgences & relics.
• Friar Johann Tetzel
- Selling forgiveness
of sins to pay for St.
Peter’s Cathedral in
Rome.
The Church also sold bones of saints which
were said to perform miracles.
The Result
• The church was the wealthiest
institution in Europe, and merchants
and others resented having to pay
taxes.
The Reformation
• Reform means “to change”. A reformer sees both a problem
and solution.
• Martin Luther wrote the 95 Theses which spoke out against
the practice of selling indulgences.
• He posted a copy on the door of the castle at Wittenberg,
Germany. People copied the posting and took it straight to
the printing press.
• Quickly Luther’s work and name spread throughout Europe
and began the Protestant Reformation.
• Protestant Reformation: a series of religious movements that
called for the urgent change in the Roman Catholic Church.
• The reformation eventually led to the formation of a new
branch of Christianity called Protestantism, which did not
accept the popes authority over the church.
Luther’s teachings & the Pope’s response
• Luther’s Teachings
– Luther preached that you can earn salvation by faith and god’s
forgiveness - The church taught that good works were needed.
– All teachings should be taken from the bible the pope and church
traditions are false.
– People did not need priest to interpret the bible for them, all people
were capable of interpretation.
• The Pope excommunicated Luther, and later King Charles
V put him on trial he was found guilty.
• The Edict of Worms declared him an outlaw -no one was to
give him shelter or food.
• Prince Frederick the Wise of Saxony hid him, and he later
returned to Wittenberg, where he and his followers became
known as Lutherans.
Vs.
LBHS Theses Centers
• Given sections of the LBHS Student Handbook you
and your group will create a list of “LBHS Theses” as
Martin Luther did against the Catholic Church
• You will be divided up into small groups and assigned
to read, discuss, and reform rules you feel are
unjust
Product:
• 3 LBHS reformations turned in with all group
member names.
We will present and discuss our reformations at the end
LBHS Theses Next Steps
• Type up a complete list of our reformed rules
– See Mr. Smiga & Ms. O’Neill after school
• Attend the next Class of 2017 meeting
– Listen to the announcements Period E
• Briefly explain and submit your reforms to
Mr. O’Keefe and the Class of 2017 representatives
– Extra credit will be given to the students who follow up
Reformation Situations (If Time
Permits)
• We are going to take a look at 4 pairs of
different (yet similar) situations
• After each situation pair we will have a small
discussion and you will answer the questions
that follow in your notes
Scenario 1
• Indulgences — When a person commits a sin, he or she can
expect eternal punishment. The church was “selling”
indulgences; in other words, they were allowing people to buy
forgiveness of their sins.
• TODAY: You got into a fight in the hall. The school rule is that
you are suspended when you fight at school. Your mom calls in
and is willing to make a big contribution to the discipline
committee if you can get out of your suspension. The principal
agrees. The person you fought with cannot afford to make a
contribution so he must spend 10 days at home as punishment
for the fight.
• How are these two episodes similar? React to this scenario
below.
Scenario 2
• Lifestyle — St. Francis of Assisi believed that all church
people should live a life of poverty to imitate the life of
Christ. He narrowly avoided being called a “heretic” or a
member of the church who holds different beliefs than
those in power. This caused great internal conflict.
• TODAY: The principal believes that every teacher needs to
give homework every night. He is the boss and the ultimate
authority in the school. A teacher believes that homework is
not appropriate every night and therefore does not follow
the rule and encourages others to break the rule as well.
She narrowly misses being fired by the board of education
on a 3-2 vote.
• How are these two episodes similar? How are they
different? React to this scenario.
Scenario 3
• Decline in prestige (influence) — There was a decline in
power and influence of some of the ruling-class people in
authority. The church depended upon these people to
collect taxes for them and to enforce the church orders. This
was not happening.
• TODAY: The treasurer of the school district has made a
large error in bookkeeping. This has been well publicized in
the community and people are upset by the error. The board
wants to put a new levy on the ballot to keep the district out
of debt. There is not much support for the levy within the
community.
• How are these episodes similar? React to this scenario.
Scenario 4
• The Pope — Pope Alexander from Spain gave his
Spanish relatives anything they asked for. He
helped his illegitimate son attempt to become ruler
of the land.
• TODAY: The superintendent of your school district
has made his wife the assistant superintendent. He
also has hired his son to teach and coach in one of
his schools.
• How are these episodes similar? React to this
scenario.
• Where can you go for a hamburger other than
Macdonald’s?
• Why are there so many other options?
• People don’t like monopolies
– The Roman Catholic Church ~ Macdonald’s
Open Your Books
• For this part of the notes be prepared
to reference p 491 – 493 in the textbook
Henry Wants a Son
• Henry VIII became king in 1509, and was a devout
Catholic.
• Married Catherine of Aragon of Spain, and had one
daughter - Mary, but no son to inherit the throne.
• Church law did not grant divorces- Henry went to
Parliament- the body that over saw law, and had
them grant him permission and accept his authority
over the pope.
• He secretly married Anne Boleyn, but only had a
daughter - Elizabeth.
• Anne Boleyn was tried and executed for treason.
• He married Jane Seymour and finally had a son
Edward. - Jane died 2 weeks after giving birth.
Henry VIII’s
Standard Wife Portrait
The 6 Wives of Henry
Successors to the throne
• 1547-Edward takes the
throne at the age of 9 advised by protestants he rules for 6 years and
died.
• 1553- Mary takes the
throne and restores ties
with the Catholic church she died in 1558.
• 1558- Elizabeth takes the
throne, a Protestant Parliament set up the
Anglican Church, and
Elizabeth is head (The
only legal church of
England).
The Reformation Continues
• John Calvin admired Martin Luther’s ideas
about church reform and also believed in
the protestant idea that people could not
obtain salvation by good works.
• He published the Institutes of Christian
Religion, which examined his beliefs
including the idea that salvation is
predestined - meaning god has only
chosen a few which will reach salvation.
• This became known as Calvinism - a
branch of Protestantism.
Geneva Switzerland
• Calvin arrives in 1540’s and transforms the small city into a
Theocracy - a government ruled by religious leaders.
• It had strict rules including no bright colored clothing,
mandatory religion class, no gambling/cardgames.
• If you broke these rules you would be excommunicated,
banished, or imprisoned.
• If you were caught speaking against the religion you would
be burned at the stake.
• John Knox, a preacher visited the city and admired the
high moral standards and government. He returned home
to Scotland and began the same type of government
• The people who oversaw it became known as Presbyters Knox’s followers became known as Presbyterians.
The Reformation Continues
The Early Christian Church
Eastern Orthodoxy
Roman Catholic
Protestant
Calvinism
Russian
Anglicanism
Greek
1. Episcopalian
1. Presbyterian
2. Reformed
Lutheranism
2. Baptist
3. Methodist
4. Pentecostal
Europe Changes
Political Borders
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y
46sZQQeEaY
The Catholic Reformation
• While Protestant churches won many followers, millions
remained catholic.
• A movement known as the catholic reformation took place, to
continue to keep followers by reforming the church within.
• Pope Paul III - investigated the sale of indulgences.
• He called for a council of church leaders to meet at Trent, Italy.
• They agreed on several doctrines:
– The church’s interpretation of the bible was final.
– Christians needed good works for salvation.
– The bible and church authority were equally powerful.
– False indulgences were banned.
• Pope Paul IV - 1599 calls for officials to draw up a list of books
dangerous to the catholic faith.
• Known Index of forbidden books - they were collected/seized and
burned.
• Make a prediction about what will
happen in Europe over the next few
years now that there are so many
different religions and new boarders
–Support your prediction