Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
Knowledge Based Economy Conference and the
Impact on National Development, April 2014
Session 1: Human Resources & Education
Universities in The Knowledge
Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
Saad Haj Bakry
1
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
Contents
1. Knowledge Society Ecosystem
2. Universities for the 21st Century
3. Challenges Ahead: KSPPI
4. Conclusions
2
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
1. Knowledge Society Ecosystem
Knowledge
 Importance
 K Development
 The Right K
 The K Age
 Ecosystem
K Society
 K Circle
 SPOTE View
 Development
 Responsibility
3
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
1. Knowledge Society Ecosystem
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
Importance
Francis Bacon:
Knowledge is power
British 1561-1626
If we know how to
Economist, 2003
acquire it.
It has to be ethical
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
4
1. Knowledge Society Ecosystem
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
Knowledge Development
Wisdom
K Manipulation
Time
K Acquisition
Information
“K” results from
Cognitive Activities
K Source
Application
Culture
Thinking /
Intellectualism
Innovation
Virtue /
Excellence
Management
Creativity
Epistemology:
Rationalism
Empiricism
5
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
1. Knowledge Society Ecosystem
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
Knowledge Development
Seeking
‫طلب العلم‬
knowledge is
‫فريضة على‬
every Muslim’s
Obligation
‫ُكل مسلم‬
‫صدق رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وسلم‬
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
6
1. Knowledge Society Ecosystem
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
Peter Drucker
The Right K: Live & Useful
Knowledge
A little knowledge
exists in
that acts is worth
applications
more than
“Knowledge Management”
emphasizes:
Useful “K”
much knowledge
that is idle
Gibran
7
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
1. Knowledge Society Ecosystem
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
The K Age: K Acceleration
Changing people’s life
Internet
/ WWW
Moon
Landing
Human
Genome
9
22
90
120
8000
Time Magazine,
Feb 11, 2011
Light
Bulb
Years
Industrial
Revolution
Agriculture
Revolution
8
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
1. Knowledge Society Ecosystem
The K Age: Diffusion of Innovation
“S” Curve:
Diffusion of Innovation
Late Response
Trains: 50 Years
Diffusion
PC : 25 Years
The Internet: 10 Years
Early Adopters
Business Week, May 13th, 2002
Time Progress
9
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
1. Knowledge Society Ecosystem
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
An Ecosystem: Fore Live Entities (K)
Live
Entity
Environment
Collective
Impact
External
Environment
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
Live
Entity
Live
Entity
External
Interaction
Live
Entity
Internal
Interaction
Other Ecosystems
10
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
1. Knowledge Society Ecosystem
Knowledge Society (KS)
UNESCO
K Society
K
Creation
K
K
K
Disseminat
Preservation
Utilization
ion
Pluralism & Inclusion
Human Needs & Rights
11
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
1. Knowledge Society Ecosystem
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
The Knowledge Circle (KC)
Economic / Social /
Human Dev.
K Sharing
K in Action
(Live)
K Utilization:
Wealth Generation,
Job Creation (+)
“Raw Material: Info.”
Preservation:
Like the Impact
of Electrons
Application
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
K Creation:
Research
Live Knowledge
Development: Value
K Society Ecosystem,
KSU, 2009
K For All:
Dissemination
Acquisition12
1. Knowledge Society Ecosystem
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
Scope: KC-SPOTE View
SPOTE
View
S: Strategy
P
Strategic
Units
P: People
Knowledge Circle: KC
O: Organization
O
E: Environment
Controls
T: Technology
T
13
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
1. Knowledge Society Ecosystem
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
Improve
Control
O
KC
T
E
Measures
Analyze
S
Benchmarks
Measure
P
Assessment Tools
Define
Six-Sigma Continuous
Improvement
Development: KC-SPOTE-DMAIC View
TIME
14
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
1. Knowledge Society Ecosystem
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
KS Framework / Ecosystem
K Responsibility
D
M
P
S
O
KC
C
A
T
E
I
KC-STOPEDMAIC-R
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
15
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
2. Universities for the 21st Century
Importance
R&D
The University
Missions & Impact
Third Mission
16
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
2. The University: Importance
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
Robert Birgeneau, UC Berkeley, USA
Importance: Education
Education makes
Educated
citizenry is a
public good
for society
good people; and
good people
act nobly
Plato, Greece 427 – 347 BC
His Academy lasted for a millennium
17
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
2. The University: Importance
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
Importance: The University
quiet (soft), but
decisive
catalyst in
modern society
Universities Live Long:
Plato Academy lived 1000 Years
Frank Rhodes
Cornell University. USA
“The univ.” is a
Generates
“knowledge”; &
Prepares
“human skills”
for “development
& well-being”
18
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
2. The University: Importance
Importance: Strategy
Higher Education today
will help shape America’s
economic competitiveness
25 years from now
Survey: 92 % Agreed
Decisions we make about
19
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
2. The University: Importance
The university is an important
moving force for achieving
the central European role
of establishing the
“Knowledge based Society”
Sokratis Katsikas
Aegean University. Greece
On the European Union Lisbon
Strategy of March, 2000
Importance: The Knowledge Society
20
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
2. The University: Mission & Impact
Mission & Impact: Declaration
on HE for the 21st Century, 1998
Importance of HE
To educate,
for Socio, Cultural
to train, and
& Economic
to undertake
Development
research
HE Mission
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
21
2. The University: Mission & Impact
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
Impact [UNESCO]
Ethical
(+) Plato
Cultural
Development
Economic
Social
UNESCO Declaration on HE for the 21st Century, 1998
UNESCO Statements : Is there a mismatch problem; OR?
22
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
2. The University: Mission & Impact
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
Views: [LEAP, Mexico]
Responsibilities
Liberal Education & the American
Promise (LEAP): AAC&U
[LEAP]
Ethical
Self & Others
Social &
Personal
Fostering
Development
Cultural
Local & Global
Citizen
Kenan
Institute
for
Ethics,
Duke
University
Intercultural Harmony [Mexico]
23
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
2. The University: Mission & Impact
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
Views: [AAU Study]
Social
Economic
Cultural
Robert Birgeneau, UC Berkeley, USA
Better Health
Lower Crime
Rate
Innovation:
Global
Entrepreneur
Understanding
Enhanced
Richer Cultural
Life
Employment
Enhanced
voluntarism
Stronger
Economy
Supported by:
Mobility
http://www.arts.ualberta.ca/~nastudi/index1.php
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
24
24
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
2. The University: Mission & Impact
President of Carnegie-Mellon
University (CMU)
Views: [CMU]
Carnegie Mellon University
Target Performance:
“Impact on Society
Locally & Globally”
25
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
2. The University: Mission & Impact
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
Views : OECD
1
2
3
Feature
Disciplines
Education
Breadth of academic disciplines
Research
Presence of pure and applied
research
4
Post-Graduate
5
Funding
6
International
Explanation
Research-led teaching
High proportion of postgraduate
programs
High proportion of external
funding
An international perspective
26
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
2. The University: Mission & Impact
Views: The Graduate [Berkeley]
1
Conversant
2 Handling Info.
3
Research
4 Collaboration
5
6
Art, Literature, Math, Natural & Social
Sciences
Find, Filter, Synthesize & Evaluate info:
from different fields to different forms
Understand research process
Work collaboratively & Transform the
Environment Creatively
Problem
Solving
Solving problems and making decisions:
considering social and ethical implications
Thinking
Coping with ambiguity, thinking flexibly, and
growing intellectually throughout life
27
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
2. The University: Mission & Impact
Robert Lee, USA, 1807-1870 AD
Views: Life-Long Learning (LLL)
The education
HE is NOT
of a man is
a vaccine that is
never
taken once and
completed
until he dies
lasts for life
Richard Brodhead, Duke University
28
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
2. The University: R&D
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
R&D Facts: Funding by Sector (USA)
UIS 2013
Private Sector
31%
Government
62%
Higher Education
Non-Profit Sector
External Sources
Others
Most Expenditures are by
the private sector: 3rdM
4% 3% 0% 0%
29
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
‫مصادر اإلنفاق‬
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
2. The University: R&D
R&D Facts: Funding by Sector (Korea)
UIS 2013
27%
71%
Private Sector
Government
Higher Education
Non-Profit Sector
External Sources
Others
Most Expenditures are by
the private sector: 3rdM
1% 1% 0% 0%
30
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
2. The University: R&D
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
R&D Facts: Funding by Type (USA)
0%
19%
Basic Research
Applied Research
Experimental
Development
Not Specified
63%
18%
Experimental Development
Research Enjoys
Most of the Funding
Distribution of Funding (%):
USA, [UIS, 2013]
31
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
2. The University: R&D
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
R&D Facts: Funding by Type (Korea)
0%
18%
Basic Research
Applied Research
Experimental
Development
Not Specified
62%
20%
Experimental Development
Research Enjoys
Most of the Funding
Distribution of Funding (%):
Republic of Korea, [UIS, 2013]
32
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
2. The University: R&D
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
R&D Facts: Action (USA)
4%
Business
Government
Higher Education
Non-Profit
14%
12%
70%
HE Research has Limited
Contribution to the Total
Distribution of Action (%):
USA, [UIS, 2013]
33
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
2. The University: R&D
R&D Facts: Action (Korea)
HE Research has Limited
Contribution to the Total
34
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
2. The University: The 3rd Mission
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
The Third Mission
Two
Missions:
3rd Mission Concept:
Teaching &
Leave the ivory tower &
Research
increase collaboration
(as in UNESCO’s
Mission)
with society
Not Enough
35
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
2. The University: The 3rd Mission
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
The Third Mission
Univ.
Triple
Collaboration
Etzkowitz &
Leydesdorff
Model
Gov.
Indus.
36
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
2. The University: The 3rd Mission
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
Observatory of the European University
OEU Project: Proposed 3rd Mission Elements (1/2)
1
Human
Resources
Transfer of embodied “K” to society:
R&D Versus Non-R&D Positions
2
Intellectual
Property
Codified “K”: Patents
Spin-Offs
Transfer of “K” to Society:
Through Entrepreneurship
3
Contracts
with Knowledge Co-Production & Circulation
4
Industry
to Industry
37
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
2. The University: The 3rd Mission
Observatory of the European University
OEU Project: Proposed 3rd Mission Elements (2/2)
The “Public Service” Dimension of
Research Activities
5
Contracts with Public
6
Participation into
Policy Making
Involvement in Policy Making
at Different Levels
7
Involvement into
Mainly in City Life
8
Bodies
Social & Cultural Life
Public Understanding of
Science
Interaction with Society
38
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
2. The University: The 3rd Mission
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
European 3rd Mission Project: E3M
 Continuing Education:
 Technology
18 Indicators
Transfer &
 Social Engagement:
Innovation:
16 Indicators
20 Indicators
Marhl & Pausit
39
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
3. Challenges Ahead
 Basic HE Issues: Policy Problems
 The Graduate: Undergraduate Policy
 R & D Policy
 Intercultural Harmony Policy
 Facing the Challenges: KSPPI
40
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
3. Challenges Ahead
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
Challenge I: Basic HE Issues
1 Governance
Structure / Rules / Activities
2
Finance
Sources of Income & Support
3
Access
Who Access / by Record / by Field
4
Equity
Rural Areas / Females / Special Needs /..
5
Quality
Quality Principles
6
Society
Labor Market / Collaboration / …
41
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
3. Challenges Ahead
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
Challenge II: The Graduate (Undergraduate Policy)
5
6
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
Innovation; Entrepreneurship
4
/ Rights v. Duties: Citizenship /..
Enthusiasm: K & LLL;
3
Responsibility: Social / Environment
Ethics
Drive
Behavi
or
Attitude: EQ / Wisdom /
Win-Win / ..
1
2
Berkeley
Conversant
Handling Info.
Research
Process
Collaboration
Problem
Solving
Thinking
42
3. Challenges Ahead
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
Challenge III: R&D Policy
Action
Promotion
KC
Integration
Development
& Univ.
New “Value”
R: Create
Integration
Investment
Marketing
Applied R
New “K”
D: Innovate
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
Basic R
K Transfer ?
Research Degrees
Experimental Dev
Gov. / Business
43
3. Challenges Ahead
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
Challenge IV: Intercultural Harmony Policy
Huntington Chart
Western
A
Clash of Civilizations
African
W
C
Clashes of Three Levels
O
Chinese
H
Hindu
Orthodox
Latin
America
L
Japanese
J
I
Islamic
1996
44
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
3. Challenges Ahead
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
IH Policy Highlights: Learning from the
Applications
TCP/IP
Com Net
Different Tech(s)
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
From Technology to Society
Internet
Global Knowledge Society
Understanding: No Clash
Intercultural Harmony:
Protocols of IH (PIH)
Multi-Cultural World
Different Civilizations / Cultures
45
3. Challenges Ahead
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
Facing the Challenges: Recommendation
Government Consultative
Sector
Academic
(All Missions)
People /
Society
KS Public
Policy
Institute
Social
Participation
Private
Sector
Univers
ities
KSPPI:
Practical
Cooperative
Policies for
Direct
Social
Innovation
Cooperative
Implementation
46
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
Do your work
The most
Have
with your
powerful force
no fear of
whole heart
on this planet
perfection:
and you will
is human
You will
succeed
cooperation
never reach it
Jonathan Haidt
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University
Salvador Dali
Elbert Hubbard
4. Conclusions
47
Universities in the Knowledge Society Ecosystem: Looking Ahead
Thank you for
your patience
Looking forward to your
questions & comments
48
Prof. Saad Haj Bakry, King Saud University