Vodafone Institute
Survey
Talking about a
Revolution: Europe´s
Young Generation on
Their Opportunities in
a Digitised World
– A Study Across Eight
European Countries
Study characteristics
• Aim of the study
– Supplementing the summit “Digitising Europe” conducted by the Vodafone Institute for
Society and Communications on 4 December 2014 with insights from the generation of 18 to
30 year olds.
– To that end, surveying this generation on the topics of education and work in the light of the
digital revolution.
• Methodology
– Online survey of people between 18 and 30 years in the Czech Republic, Germany, Ireland,
Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom
– Representative quotas and weights on age, gender, and region
– Length of interview: 18-22 minutes
– Fieldwork: 8 October to 10 October 2014
• Conducted by:
2
Countries participating in the survey
• Czech Republic
N=1,000
• Germany
N=1,000
• (Republic of) Ireland
N=510
• Italy
N=1,000
• Netherlands
N=1,000
• Portugal
N=1,017
• Spain
N=1,000
• Turkey
N=1,000
• United Kingdom
N=1,047
3
Summary of results (I)
Educational and occupational background
With respect to the current employment status of young people, considerable differences are found
between the countries. While in Germany, the UK and the Czech Republic 38% to 44% are
employed full-time, this is the case for only 18% of young Italians and 20% of young Spaniards.
Dutch are also less often full-time employed, but this is offset by the highest share of part-time
employees across all countries (20%). Lower figures for employment in Italy and Spain go together
with higher unemployment rates (16% resp. 18%), which are nearly twice as high as the next
highest unemployment figure (UK, 9%). Additionally, young Italians and Spaniards indicate more
often to be students than other Europeans (40% resp. 35% vs. 27% to 31%). This shows that they
try to compensate a tougher situation on the job market by spending more time in education.
Across all countries, young people primarily chose their fields of education because they were
interested in the respective field of work and thus hoped to find an interesting job. Young Germans
and Czech stand out in that they consider future payment more often in their educational choice
than others (28% and 27% vs. 14% to 20%). Similar findings occur with respect to the reasons of
actual job choice, where personal interest in the field of work is also most often mentioned in all
countries. Payment is again more of a reason for Germans and Czech 33% and 34% vs. 18% to
27%). Czech are also most often applying for a job just to gain some initial work experience (35%
vs. 12% to 26%). An interim solution to avoid unemployment is least likely a reason for Germans
and Dutch (11% and 14%). This is more common in Italy and Spain (21% and 19%, The UK and
the Czech Republic fall in between (17% and 16%)
4
Summary of results (II)
Outlook on the future
A lot of young Europeans share a rather optimistic view on their future, although there are
considerable differences between countries. Dutch are most optimistic, 71% say so by answering
7 to 10 on a scale from 0 (very pessimistic) to 10 (very optimistic), whereas Italians are the least
optimistic (41%). The latter are also least convinced in Europe that they will lead a better life than
their parents. Only 23% are of that opinion, while 40% of the Dutch think so. On this topic,
Germans are even more convinced they will be better off than their parents (43%). These figures
show that the optimism many young people show is rather pragmatic. It does not necessarily
mean that they believe things will continuously get better and improve living conditions beyond
what the previous generation was used to.
When it comes to confidence in their chances to find a job in their field of expertise, young
Germans show the most positive attitude. 73% of German students and 66% of employed
Germans are rather confident in that regard. On the opposite end, in Italy only 42% of students
and 36% of employed share this feeling.
Cross-country differences are less pronounced in terms of how well students do feel prepared for a
job by their education. British students provide the best ratings for their education with 47%
answering 8 to 10 on a scale from o (very poor) to 10 (excellent), thereby handing out very good
scores. In comparison, only 33% Italian students give similarly good ratings, which is the lowest
share among all countries.
In some countries, these opinions change once people are employed. In hindsight, only 21% of the
British employed would give very good scores, which is the lowest figure across all countries.
Germans are the most satisfied with how well their education prepared them. 40% hand out very
5
good ratings. In terms of educational areas with the best job chances, ICT is ranked highest in all
Summary of results (III)
Working and studying abroad
The proportion of young people who did live abroad for some time is similar across Europe, with
roughly one in five young people having stayed in another country before. Reasons to go abroad
differ by country. Whereas studying is a common trigger in all countries, Dutch are least likely to go
abroad for learning the language (11% vs. 20% to 42%) or learning about a country in general
(12% vs. 17% to 34%). Dutch are also less often of the opinion that moving abroad will be a key
requirement in the future. Italians, Spaniards and Czech stand out in that when asked about job
chances in their own country compared to elsewhere. They believe more strongly than other
Europeans that opportunities are better outside their home country.
Attitudes towards the digital revolution
Most young Europeans share a rather positive outlook on the digital revolution while still
acknowledging some of its risks. Remarkable differences are found in the fact that the possibility to
connect with the world is least relevant for Czech than young people elsewhere. They are also
less concerned about potential violations of privacy. In line with this, Czech are more convinced
that data protection is everyone’s own responsibility. On the other end of the spectrum, young
Spaniards are worried about privacy violations more often than the average European. Young Brits
stand out for the fact that they are most convinced that the benefits of the digital revolution
outweigh its risks and that they, along with the Dutch, are the least likely to limit their use of digital
technologies.
6
Summary of results (IV)
Attitudes towards the digital revolution (cont.)
On the question of whether the digital revolution will create, destroy, or alter jobs, young
Europeans are divided. While only a minority (10% to 18%) believe that actually jobs will be
gained, the share of those who think that only the character of jobs will change (33% to 47%) is
similar to that of those who think jobs will be lost (27% to 41%). In comparison, young Italians and
Spaniards who think jobs will be lost believe in far more jobs being destroyed than people
elsewhere. 68% of Italians and 65% of Spaniards who are concerned that jobs will be lost expect
that more than 20% of jobs will be destroyed.
Skills in the digital economy
Basic ICT skills are widely believed to be required in more jobs in the future by young Europeans.
Especially young Brits stand out as they are most convinced of this. Italians and Spaniards are
remarkable for the fact that they are much more convinced than others that some level of coding
skill will become a requirement for almost everyone.
Regarding ICT skills at work, Brits are most confident that their skills are sufficient for their future
career path. Among young Brits, the concern that ICT requirements today endanger their job
chances are least prevalent. Young Dutch are least convinced of the notion that changing working
environments require constant learning and that digital technologies play an important role in their
field of expertise. These findings might be somewhat related to the fact that the surveyed Dutch
work more often in the areas of health, medicine and social work than respondents from other
countries.
7
Summary of results (V)
Skills in the digital economy (cont.)
With respect to specific skills, it becomes obvious across all countries that young people believe a
skill to be more important the more it is considered to be basic today. Obviously, an uncommon
skill today might become a basic skill in the future, but that link is, for the most part, not made by
young Europeans. They generally feel that skills like using office or e-mail software will become
even more relevant, whereas they consider hardware-related skills or coding to be less important.
In this context, Italians and Spaniards are noteworthy as they generally attribute a much higher
importance to more complex skills than young people elsewhere.
There is a universal confidence among young Europeans in their ability to perform those ICT skills
they believe to be of high importance. Notable exceptions to this are data protection and database
software, which, despite being seen as medium to highly important, young people feel less
confident about than about skills of similar relevance. Regarding more complex skills, Brits often
show the least confidence in their abilities. They feel least competent in e-mail encryption, web
server setup and maintenance, and coding. In that regard, it might be rather unhelpful that they
also are more likely to try solving ICT problems by figuring things out themselves or searching the
Internet.
8
Summary of results (VI)
Role of employers and educational institutions
When it comes to thinking about how employers, schools, and universities organize education,
young Europeans are equivocal in their wish for more cooperation between these players. They
also hold companies responsible to offer more on-the-job training if the employers feel that there
are skill gaps. Compared to other young Europeans, young Dutch are less likely to agree to this
however. An interesting difference between countries is found in the attitude towards the idea that
employers should have more influence on curricula. Especially Spaniards and Italians are in
agreement with this, while more skepticism is present in the UK and Germany. This potentially
reflects the fear of “streamlining” education too much. Spaniards are also very remarkable in that
they agree much stronger to the idea that not the educators need to reassess their approach to
education, but the companies.
In terms of ICT education, there is no general consensus across Europe that would hold one
institution the most responsible. Brits stand out in that they hold schools for general education
responsible more often than young people elsewhere in Europe (49% vs. 17% to 26%), and that
they are least likely to see employers responsible in the form of vocational training (3% vs. 14% to
26%). The latter are most often considered responsible by young Germans (26%).
Young Europeans agree that schools for general education provide the worst teaching of ICT of all
educational institutions. Solutions they have universally in mind are more ICT courses, better
training of teachers in ICT, and a wider use of ICT outside specific courses on that topic.
9
Summary of results (VII)
ICT courses in education
With respect to ICT trainings that students are and employed were offered and attended during
their education, there are similar patterns to be found in all countries. Overall, trainings on office
software and Internet usage are the most commonly offered and also most commonly attended by
students and employed. Apart from these general courses, which are attended by roughly to thirds
of young people who would have access to them, about half the students and employed attended
courses they were actually offered. Generally, the more complex a skill is, the less often courses in
that field are offered, and the less young people actually attended training.
Comparing the different countries, it is remarkable that across all skills, availability of trainings is
highest in Spain. Thus, young Spaniards are generally the most likely to have attended ICT
training during their education, regardless of whether they are currently studying or employed.
Specifically among students, young Spaniards and Dutch attended trainings on searching and
interpreting information on the Internet most often. This is least common among Czech students.
However, attendance in this cases is also related to the availability of courses. While about 60% of
Spanish and 50% of Dutch students state that such trainings are offered by their educators, only
40% of Czech students can say so.
Courses on coding were yet attended by roughly 10% to 15% of young people across countries. In
Germany and the UK, other complex skills are even less popular among students. In other
countries, attendance of courses is about equal for all complex skills.
10
Summary of results (VIII)
ICT courses in education (cont.)
Two important consequences can be drawn from the findings on ICT courses. On the one hand,
educational institutions need to offer more training. While a direct relation between course
offerings and total attendance might seem obvious, the “supply side” of ICT courses is worrying.
Aside from the most basic skills, not even half the young people have or had access to ICT
trainings during their education. Increasing this side is an important lever to improve ICT
competence. On the other hand, the “demand side” needs to be addressed as well. Young people
are apparently confident about their ICT skills, but only a minority attended anything but basic
training. Overall, they seem to be somewhat oblivious to the actual level of ICT skills that might be
required in the future and need to made much more aware of this. Offering courses more
“aggressively” or even making them mandatory in education can be one way to achieve this.
Europe’s role in ICT
While there is general agreement on the fact that Europe can and should take a leading role in ICT
research and development, this conviction is less pronounced among young Dutch and young
Czech. Dutch and Czech are also the least afraid about jobs being outsourced to other regions in
the world due to a lack of ICT skills in Europe. Remarkable, but not surprising, is the fact that
especially Italians and Spaniards are less convinced that their respective home countries will
remain competitive and not loose jobs due to the digital revolution. Italians are also least likely to
think Europe as a whole will remain competitive.
11
Summary of results (IX)
Entrepreneurship
Interest in starting an own business is remarkably high in Italy and Spain. The same applies to the
idea of working for a startup company. This also translates into a higher interest in starting a
business in ICT or working in an ICT startup. Interest in that is much lower elsewhere in Europe. A
remarkable motivation for Italians, Spaniards and also Czech in that regard is the harsh job market
which makes it hard to find employment (32% to 35%)). This is much less a reason for young
Germans, Brits, and Dutch (18% to 24%). On the other hand, a lack of funds is the primary reason
against self-employment among Italians, Spaniards and Czech who would rather not start their
own business (50% to 55% vs. 35% to 42% in Germany, the UK and the Netherlands).
Key changes the young generation would make
In terms of key changes they would make to the educational system, young Europeans emphasise
different measures depending on their home country. Especially Germans and Czech feel that it is
necessary to adapt education to real life tasks. Still, this is also a key change young people in
other countries wish for. Young Brits would mostly like to see ICT education to be offered at a very
early stage. Spaniards and Italians feel comparatively often that better work protection for young
people is needed, the latter also wish for fairer and more transparent recruitment processes, which
is a sentiment that Brits also share. Germans and Brits stand out in that they more often believe
that socially or educationally disadvantaged should be given better chances by the educational
system.
Despite these differences, it is noteworthy that in none of the countries just one key change does
stand out as the most necessary for young people. Ideas are rather diverse, with at most about
12
one third per country agreeing on any measure.
Table of contents
1. Educational background
2. Occupational background
3. General outlook on the future
4. Working and studying abroad
5. Attitudes towards information and communication technologies
6. Skills in the digitalised economy
7. Evaluation of education and work
8. Entrepreneurship
9. Key changes the young generation would make
Educational background
14
Across all countries, 40-60% of respondents are still
in education.
Are you currently undergoing
education?
65
34
62
37
59
40
56
43
56
42
41
Yes
1
57
No
Don´t know / no answer
Are you currently undergoing education, e.g. in school or university?; All respondents; n=1000-1047
15
2
Methodology: Assessing educational level
• Educational systems vary across countries with respect to structure and
curricula. To facilitate international comparisons of educational systems,
UNESCO developed the International Standard Classification of Education
(ISCED). ISCED structures educational institutions into higher-order levels
that are equivalent across countries:
–
–
–
–
ISCED level 1: primary education
ISCED level 2: lower secondary education
ISCED level 3: upper secondary education
ISCED level 4 to 6: post-secondary non-tertiary education, short-cycle tertiary education,
academic education: bachelor / master degree, doctoral degree
• Educational institutions and attainments of a country are assigned to these
higher-order levels.
• In this study, ISCED was used to assess educational level. Within the
online questionnaire, respondents were shown the specific educational
institutions and attainments of their country grouped together in terms of
ISCED levels.
16
The share of young people having achieved higher
level degrees (ISCED 4+) is highest in the UK and in
Spain.
Highest level of education achieved
4
No answer / don´t know
ISCED level 1
7
7
15
23
I have not completed any educational
trainings or studies.
3
11
37
34
59
46
48
41
8
ISCED level 2
57
56
ISCED level 3
34
32
ISCED level 4-6
What is the highest level of education you have completed so far?; All respondents; n=1000-1047
17
32
34
Young people in the Netherlands are planning to
achieve higher level degrees least frequently.
Planned level of education
No answer / don´t know
6
6
3
7
4
7
8
11
12
3
10
21
6
2
4
11
ISCED level 1
ISCED level 2
90
77
80
67
ISCED level 3
ISCED level 4-6
What level of education are you aiming for at the moment?; Respondents who are not undergoing general education;
n=408-649
18
85
77
The highest number of part-time workers is found in
the Netherlands, vocational training is more common
in Germany.
What describes your current employment status best?
42
38
Employee, working full-time
13
9
Employee, working part-time
26
20
Self-employed, working full-time
1
3
2
Self-employed, working part-time
1
3
2
0
4
0
3
8
Apprenticeship, vocational training
Internship
2
Student, not employed or working parttime to fund education / daily life
In compulsory military or community service
0
0
Not employed for other reasons
5
Other
4
No answer / don´t know
28
31
27
0
9
2
1
1
What describes your current employment status best?; Respondents who are not undergoing general education; n=9151033
19
7
6
2
While young Italians and Spaniards are studying
most often, Czechs are considerably more often
employed full-time.
What describes your current employment status best?
20
18
Employee, working full-time
12
13
Employee, working part-time
44
7
Self-employed, working full-time
3
3
Self-employed, working part-time
2
2
2
Apprenticeship, vocational training
2
3
1
Internship
2
4
1
Student, not employed or working parttime to fund education / daily life
In compulsory military or community service
5
35
40
0
0
0
18
16
Not employed for other reasons
28
6
Other
2
2
4
No answer / don´t know
1
0
2
What describes your current employment status best?; Respondents who are not undergoing general education; n=9151033
20
In Germany, the UK, and the Netherlands, only a
minority are studying in the field of ICT.
Field of education (present)
5
11
Education
9
29
14
Arts, humanities, languages
13
10
12
11
18
Social and behavioral sciences
31
Business, administration and law
Natural sciences
13
Mathematics and statistics
12
5
16
6
8
5
9
6
7
Engineering and engineering trades
7
5
7
Health / medicine and welfare
9
Information and communication technologies
Services
17
1
4
4
13
18
Other
No answer / don´t know
7
6
4
31
4
What is your current field of education / vocational training?; Respondents who are still undergoing education (other than general education); n=394-615; Values <4%
(across all countries) are aggregated to others
21
Education in ICT is more popular in Italy, Spain, and
the Czech Republic.
Field of education (present)
Education
Natural sciences
8
Mathematics and statistics
6
9
7
8
3
9
Information and communication technologies
12
13
Engineering and engineering trades
13
13
11
12
No answer / don´t know
2
3
15
11
8
4
17
20
Other
18
18
20
Business, administration and law
Services
22
9
6
Health / medicine and welfare
11
10
14
Arts, humanities, languages
Social and behavioral sciences
13
8
3
3
24
2
What is your current field of education / vocational training?; Respondents who are still undergoing education (other than general education); n=394-615; Values <4%
(across all countries all countries) are aggregated to others
22
Personal interest is the primary reason for choosing
a field of education, Germans also consider future
payment.
Out of what reasons did you choose your current field of education / vocational
training?
78
72
I am interested in this field of work
33
30
High chances of finding a job that is interesting to me
High employment chances
High chances of finding a job that is well paid
79
36
23
21
20
28
20
17
21
19
Field of education / study is meaningful to society
15
High chances of finding a job that offers me career
options
High chances of finding a job that offers a good
balance between work and private life
15
14
17
10
5
10
Field of education / study has a good reputation
6
8
6
Degree is required for applying for
further field educational degree
3
9
6
Choosing education / study was the only possibility
to avoid spare time or unemployment
3
5
3
Other
1
3
2
Out of what reasons did you choose your current field of education / vocational training? Please tick the three most important reasons.; Respondents who are still
undergoing education (other than general education); n=394-615
23
Young Czechs also base their choice of education
more often on future payment than young people
elsewhere.
Out of what reasons did you choose your current field of education / vocational
training?
75
69
I am interested in this field of work
66
High chances of finding a job that is interesting to me
26
25
29
High employment chances
26
25
25
27
High chances of finding a job that is well paid
17
14
Field of education / study is meaningful to society
14
12
16
11
10
15
13
12
12
High chances of finding a job that offers me career
options
High chances of finding a job that offers a good
balance between work and private life
Field of education / study has a good reputation
Degree is required for applying for
further field educational degree
5
3
11
10
5
3
Choosing education / study was the only possibility
to avoid spare time or unemployment
4
3
7
Other
1
1
3
Out of what reasons did you choose your current field of education / vocational training? Please tick the three most important reasons.; Respondents who are still
undergoing education (other than general education); n=394-615
24
Occupational background
25
In the Netherlands, considerably fewer young people
describe their jobs as dealing with business,
administration and law.
Field of occupation (present)
Education
Arts, humanities, languages
Social and behavioral sciences
Journalism and information
Mathematics and statistics
Information and communication technologies
Engineering and engineering trades
Manufacturing, processing
Architecture and construction
Agriculture, forestry, fisheries and veterinary
Health / medicine and welfare
Services
Other
No answer / don´t know
9
3
3
21
29
Business, administration and law
Natural sciences
11
8
7
3
8
2
3
3
3
5
10
3
8
3
1
11
11
10
8
8
3
2
1
2
8
8
18
8
2
4
1
8
1
4
10
5
6
2
2
17
10
20
9
Thinking about the type of work you do in your job, which of the following does fit best?; Respondents who are employed or used to be employed; n=471-717
26
Across all countries, Czech respondents most often
describe their job as dealing with manufacturing and
processing.
Field of occupation (present)
Education
Arts, humanities, languages
Social and behavioral sciences
Journalism and information
Mathematics and statistics
Information and communication technologies
Engineering and engineering trades
Manufacturing, processing
Architecture and construction
Agriculture, forestry, fisheries and veterinary
Health / medicine and welfare
Services
3
3
12
5
9
6
3
5
9
15
Other
No answer / don´t know
6
5
2
3
28
25
18
Business, administration and law
Natural sciences
11
6
4
2
7
9
5
4
9
4
2
3
2
10
6
4
4
1
11
8
11
5
10
9
18
5
3
5
8
7
3
Thinking about the type of work you do in your job, which of the following does fit best?; Respondents who are employed or used to be employed; n=471-717
27
Occupation is mostly spread across different sectors,
in the Netherlands health and medicine are especially
popular.
Sector of occupation (present)
Manufacturing
11
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor
vehicles and motorcycles
1
3
3
8
6
2
4
5
7
5
9
6
10
2
Hotels / accomodation, restaurant / food service
Information and communication
Financial and insurance activities
Legal, accounting, management consultancy
Other professional, scientific and technical activities
Administrative and support service activities
Office administration and other business support
Education
Human health / medical and social work activities
Other service activities
Other
No answer / don´t know
3
1
4
5
5
8
4
4
6
4
10
7
3
16
3
7
5
4
6
5
4
3
3
4
2
7
16
6
14
1
And in which sector do you currently work / did you work in your last job?; Respondents who are employed or used to be employed; n=471-717; Values <3% (across all
countries) are aggregated to others
28
Young Czechs work more often in the area of
manufacturing than young people elsewhere.
Sector of occupation (present)
Manufacturing
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor
vehicles and motorcycles
Hotels/accomodation, restaurant/food service
Information and communication
Financial and insurance activities
Legal, accounting, management consultancy
Other professional, scientific and technical activities
Administrative and support service activities
Office administration and other business support
Education
Human health / medical and social work activities
Other service activities
Other
No answer / don´t know
2
6
6
8
5
2
3
6
4
4
8
10
4
12
2
6
3
8
9
8
4
3
2
2
4
3
5
8
13
3
17
5
5
5
7
5
3
4
8
1
3
5
4
8
1
And in which sector do you currently work / did you work in your last job?; Respondents who are employed or used to be employed; n=471-717; Values <3% (across all
countries) are aggregated to others
29
Future payment is a comparatively important factor
for young Germans when applying for a job.
Reasons for application for current job
49
56
I am interested in this field of work
26
33
Good payment
51
24
15
26
Opportunity to aquire initial job experience
21
Good career options
19
26
20
Good balance between work and private life
21
22
19
Job is meaningful / important for society
21
20
21
As an interim solution to avoid unemployment
14
Opportunity to aquire specific expertise
Job has a good reputation
17
11
7
7
8
10
8
3
13
Colleagues are congenial
14
11
Other
4
9
8
No answer / don´t know
2
4
3
Out of what reasons did you apply for / choose your current job? Please tick the three most important reasons.; Respondents who are employed; n=350-642
30
Young Czechs consider payment an important reason
for job choice but also seek to acquire initial job
experience.
Reasons for application for current job
27
Good payment
12
Opportunity to aquire initial job experience
Good career options
19
Good balance between work and private life
18
Job is meaningful / important for society
48
44
I am interested in this field of work
18
34
18
35
22
15
25
17
11
11
18
19
21
As an interim solution to avoid unemployment
46
16
12
14
Job has a good reputation
7
9
8
Colleagues are congenial
4
5
12
Other
5
5
4
No answer / don´t know
1
1
2
Opportunity to aquire specific expertise
18
Out of what reasons did you apply for / choose your current job? Please tick the three most important reasons.; Respondents who are employed; n=350-642
31
Working experience in years is similar across all
countries but comparatively high in the Netherlands.
Duration of employment
Don´t know / no answer
More than 8 years
12
9
6
16
11
5
7
15
11
11
11
6
7
10
5
9
13
13
15
11
20
19
20
43
42
43
5
8
15
Up to 8 years
23
20
19
Up to 6 years
Up to 4 years
11
35
41
33
Up to 2 years
For how many years have you been working in your current field of occupation / had you been working in your last field of occupation?; Respondents who are employed or
used to be employed; n=471-717
32
General outlook on the
future
33
Italians and Spaniards have a considerably less
optimistic outlook on the future, Dutch show the
most positive attitude.
Feelings about future
Top 4 Box
5
9
29
9
11
8
10
7
7
9
8
7
18
16
5
4
Taking all aspects of your life into account, how do you feel about your future?; All respondents; n=922-998
34
14
12
15
12
16
13
3
9
11
14
21
20
6
10
19
21
13
12
20
23
17
6 4
Very optimistic - 10
26
9
5
28
10
2
4 21
71
4 331
66
5 4
60
5 5 4 13
58
6 4 22
49
7
8
1
41
Very pessimistic - 0
Compared to other young Europeans, Italians are far
more convinced they will lead a worse life than their
parents.
Evaluation of future life
Top 4 Box
7
6
3 5
14
13
5 6
12
4 4
9
Definitely a better life - 10
9
8
13
7
13
12
13
10
6
19
19
16
12
10
12
21
12
4 4
33 7
16
5
19
17
15
11
13
3
8
5 3
43
10
6 311
42
11
5
39
7 2 6
33
11
11
11
4
9
13
15
13
10
9
12
2
6
1
5
7
29
11
23
Definitely a worse life - 0
Do you think that, overall, your generation will generally lead a better life or a worse life than your parents´ generation in terms of income and standard of living?; All
respondents; n=933-967
35
Among students in Italy and Spain, confidence in
future job opportunities is considerably lower than
elsewhere.
How confident are you that you will be able to find a job in your field of education in the
Top 4 Box
future?
19
6
13
11
Very confident - 10
9
8
16
20
23
16
18
21
13
17
13
5 6
13
18
17
5 6
13
18
17
7
17
10
12
6
5
4
8
17
17
12
9
3
8
11
8
333
73
5 5 10
63
7
57
11
7
6 4 03
58
11
10
7
5 3 4
42
13
8
6 5 4 5
42
2
1
Not confident at all - 0
Thinking about your current field of education: How confident are you that you will find a job in that area after you finish your studies / vocational training?; Respondents still
undergoing education; n=374-594
36
Young employed Germans are most optimistic with
respect their future job opportunities.
How confident are you that you will be able to find a job in your field of occupation in
Top 4 Box
the future?
18
14
8
13
9
7
Very confident - 10
9
8
13
20
20
14
6 4
10
14
19
16
6
9
21
17
15
5
4
9
11
15
21
5 4
17
17
8
7
18
15
14
8
3
2
9
8
43
66
9
6
5 4 23
59
13
7
6 3 3
57
10
7
5 4 12
57
7
9
6 23
40
7
8
1
7
36
Not confident at all - 0
Thinking about your current / last field of occupation: How confident are you that you will be able to still find a job in that area in the future?; Respondents who are employed
or used to be employed; n=437-654
37
Dutch students feel best about how well their
education prepares them for a future job.
How well do you think your education prepares you for working in that area?
Top 3 Box
12
4
Excellent - 10
9
8
15
20
15
25
9
11
8
11
17
6
13
16
8
7
7
19
28
19
19
13
22
19
18
6
11
19
5
4
10
7 331
47
14
7 4 20
44
14
6 4
39
15
13
6 4 21
36
13
16
6 5 4
35
18
13
7 43
33
3
2
1
Very poor - 0
How well do you think does your education / do your studies prepare you for working in a job in that area?; Respondents still undergoing education; n=370-601
38
In hindsight, young employed Brits and Czechs rate
their education worst in terms of job preparation.
In hindsight, how well did your education prepare you for working in your job?
Top 3 Box
10
6
12
7
3 5
7
5
9
8
13
7
11
16
11
6
19
11
5
13
4
8
17
3
40
7 3 3 22
29
9
7 233
26
9
8
6 3 6
25
7
22
10
10
43 2
11
16
10
14
13
21
15
10
13
21
18
12
6 5
17
16
18
4 6
Excellent - 10
18
12
13
2
4 4
6 4 7
1
21
Very poor - 0
In hindsight, how well did the education / studies you completed prepare you for working in your job?; Respondents who are employed or used to be employed; n=453-684
39
Young Germans are least convinced that ICT will offer
the best job opportunities in the next 5 years.
Please rank the educational areas in which you believe job opportunities to be the best in
the next 5 years.
Information and communication technologies 17 16 10
27
16 9
21 11 8
Engineering and engineering trades 14 13 12
13 15 14
13 11 8
Business, administration and law 14 12 13
14 13 13
111012
11 12 13
121010
11 7 9
16 10 9
Health / medicine and welfare 13 10 13
Education 16 55
Mathematics and statistics 46 6
69 9
48 6
57 7
55 8
456
46 8
3
333
Manufacturing, processing 35 7
34
46 8
Social and behavioral sciences 47 5
44
37 6
Journalism and information (news) 33
3
56
Architecture and construction 34
5
54
Natural sciences 61010
Services 45 7
Arts, humanities, languages 3
Agriculture, forestry, fisheries and veterinary
Rank - 1
Rank - 2
Rank - 3
Please rank the five educational areas in which you believe job opportunities to be the best in the next 5 years, beginning with the area with the best opportunities.; All
respondents; n=988-1027
40
Overall, assessment of job opportunities in different
sectors is rather similar across all countries.
Please rank the educational areas in which you believe job opportunities to be the best in the
next 5 years.
Information and communication technologies
28
16 12
31
Engineering and engineering trades 12 16 12
34
16 9
18 9
10 13 13
11 19 13
12 14 14
10 13 12
101210
7 9 12
16 7 6
14 45
Mathematics and statistics 356
45
45
Natural sciences 345
356
34
Services 5 8
67
36
Arts, humanities, languages 443
6 64
5 74
35
6 8 10
Social and behavioral sciences 45
345
3
Journalism and information (news) 43
35 8
335
4
47
Business, administration and law 12 13 12
Health / medicine and welfare 15 11 14
Education 1144
Manufacturing, processing 345
Architecture and construction 34
Agriculture, forestry, fisheries and veterinary 37 5
3
Rank - 1
Rank - 2
Rank - 3
Please rank the five educational areas in which you believe job opportunities to be the best in the next 5 years, beginning with the area with the best opportunities.; All
respondents; n=988-1027
41
Working and studying
abroad
42
Shares of young people not born in the country they
live in are highest in the UK and in Italy.
Were you born in the country you currently live in?
89
86
11
14
93
84
6
16
91
9
96
Yes
No
4
No answer / don´t know
Were you born in the country you currently live in?; All respondents; n=1000-1047
43
The proportion of young people who did live abroad
for some time is lowest in the Netherlands.
Have you ever lived abroad for a limited period of time?
2
2
75
76
78
5
2
6
17
13
2
2
3
14
2
No answer / don´t know
No
73
Yes, for more than 2 years
79
82
2
2
6
9
3
2
4
8
Yes, for up to 2 years
Yes, for up to 12 months
2
2
9
12
Yes, for up to 6 months
Have you ever lived abroad for a limited period of time?; People who were born in the country they currently live in; n=834-957
44
Young Dutch are least likely to go abroad to learn
about culture and language.
For what reasons did you go abroad?
…to study.
32
…to learn the country´s language.
36
20
11
…because I wanted to learn more about the country.
34
23
12
…for an internship.
27
22
16
25
20
…because I wanted to stay with my family / my
partner who moved abroad.
10
17
…because I was offered a job there.
11
17
…for an apprenticeship / vocational training.
9
…because I sought to find a job there.
5
Other
No answer / don´t know
4
12
13
6
15
6
For what reasons did you go abroad?; People who stayed abroad for a limited period of time; n=191-291
45
10
7
1
2
35
2
Going abroad to learn the language is more common
among young Italians and Czechs than among
others.
For what reasons did you go abroad?
…to study.
37
36
…to learn the country´s language.
26
34
42
39
…because I wanted to learn more about the country.
22
17
…for an internship.
19
18
15
10
…because I wanted to stay with my family / my
partner who moved abroad.
9
12
…because I was offered a job there.
7
14
…for an apprenticeship / vocational training.
13
…because I sought to find a job there.
17
27
17
21
15
12
14
Other
3
4
3
No answer / don´t know
0
1
3
For what reasons did you go abroad?; People who stayed abroad for a limited period of time; n=191-291
46
Young Dutch are considerably less often of the
opinion that moving abroad will be a key requirement
in the future.
Working and living abroad: Please indicate how much you agree with the following
statements.
1 Completely disagree 2
3
Completely agree
4
I dont actively plan to move to another country because
of a better job, but would do so if the opportunity came
up.
I think job opportunities in my field of education / work are
better in other countries.
I think willingness to move abroad will be a key
requirement to find a good job in the future.
I plan to move to another country in the future because of
better job opportunities.
I would never consider to move abroad for a job
opportunity.
Germany
United Kingdom
Netherlands
Please indicate how much you agree with the following statements relating to working and living abroad.; All respondents; n=785-982; Means are shown
47
In comparison, young Italians, Spaniards and Czechs
believe more strongly that job chances are better
outside their country.
Working and living abroad: Please indicate how much you agree with the following
statements.
1 Completely disagree 2
3
Completely agree
4
I dont actively plan to move to another country because
of a better job, but would do so if the opportunity came
up.
I think job opportunities in my field of education / work are
better in other countries.
I think willingness to move abroad will be a key
requirement to find a good job in the future.
I plan to move to another country in the future because of
better job opportunities.
I would never consider to move abroad for a job
opportunity.
Italy
Spain
Czech Republic
Please indicate how much you agree with the following statements relating to working and living abroad.; All respondents; n=785-982; Means are shown
48
Young Europeans show quite diverse opinions on
where the best job opportunities can be found.
Where do you believe job opportunities to be the best in your field of education / work?
No answer / don´t know
18
33
Outside of Europe
10
10
22
18
3
3
3
5
23
26
17
Southern European countries
Eastern European countries
2
2
24
33
5
3
2
8
18
36
Central European countries
22
3
6
38
24
Northern European countries
Where do you believe job opportunities to be the best in your field of education / work at the moment?; All respondents; n=1000-1045
49
25
30
40
24
14
26
23
Attitudes towards
information and
communication
technologies
50
Smartphones and laptops are the most common
devices across all countries.
Which of the following devices do you regularly use?
Smartphone
Laptop / notebook
81
75
82
76
75
80
45
52
Stationary computer / PC
33
Tablet PC
31
Digital camera
28
16
24
20
Game console
E-book reader
Simple mobile phone
No answer / don´t know
41
28
3
9
16
Smart TV
54
14
10
9
2
18
7
5
6
3
1
Which of the following devices do you regularly use (whether at home, at public places and facilities (e.g. internet cafes), in educational context or in your job)?; All
respondents; n=1000-1046
51
Young Czechs have less often access to
smartphones than their peers in other countries.
Which of the following devices do you regularly use?
85
86
Smartphone
72
58
Laptop / notebook
76
65
75
Stationary computer / PC
59
54
Tablet PC
41
38
27
Digital camera
44
35
30
21
Smart TV
9
19
8
9
18
Simple mobile phone
8
18
12
E-book reader
No answer / don´t know
35
33
Game console
0
1
22
2
Which of the following devices do you regularly use (whether at home, at public places and facilities (e.g. internet cafes), in educational context or in your job)?; All
respondents; n=1000-1046
52
Across Europe, young people generally feel that their
access to broadband Internet is sufficient.
Would you say you have sufficient access to broadband internet?
81
14
91
89
79
6 3
4 7
17
85
13
92
Yes
No
Would you say you have sufficient access to broadband internet?; All respondents; n=999-1042
3
2
6 2
No answer / don´t know
53
5
Positive associations with the digital revolution are
widespread across Europe.
Digital revolution: Please tell us how much you agree with these statements.
1 Completely disagree 2
3
Completely agree
4
I have been using digital technologies for a long time in
my life already and am used to adapting to changes.
Work processes have become more convenient due to
digital technologies.
Studying has become easier due to digital technologies.
Daily life gets more comfortable and easy due to digital
technologies.
I love the possibility to connect with people all over the
world.
Digital technologies are an integral and important part of
my life.
I am very interested in digital technologies.
Germany
United Kingdom
Netherlands
Please tell us how much you agree with the following statements regarding digital technologies (smartphones, computers, etc.).; All respondents; n=853-987;
Means are shown
54
The possibility to connect with the world is least
relevant for young Czechs.
Digital revolution: Please tell us how much you agree with these statements.
1 Completely disagree 2
3
Completely agree
4
I have been using digital technologies for a long time in
my life already and am used to adapting to changes.
Work processes have become more convenient due to
digital technologies.
Studying has become easier due to digital technologies.
Daily life gets more comfortable and easy due to digital
technologies.
I love the possibility to connect with people all over the
world.
Digital technologies are an integral and important part of
my life.
I am very interested in digital technologies.
Italy
Spain
Czech Republic
Please tell us how much you agree with the following statements regarding digital technologies (smartphones, computers, etc.).; All respondents; n=853-987;
Means are shown
55
Especially young Brits feel that digital technologies
bring more benefits than risks to society.
Digital revolution: Please tell us how much you agree with these statements.
1 Completely disagree 2
3
Completely agree
4
Communication is becoming more and more superficial.
I am concerned about privacy violations due to using
digital technologies.
I cannot imagine a life without digital technologies
anymore.
Different use and understanding of digital technologies
increases the gap between the generations.
Life has gotten faster and more stressful due to digital
technologies.
The benefits of digital technologies to society are greater
than the risks.
I am concerned about being too dependent on digital
technologies.
Germany
United Kingdom
Netherlands
Please tell us how much you agree with the following statements regarding digital technologies (smartphones, computers, etc.).; All respondents; n=853-987;
Means are shown
56
Young Spaniards are most concerned about
violations of privacy, Czechs much less so.
Digital revolution: Please tell us how much you agree with these statements.
1 Completely disagree 2
3
Completely agree
4
Communication is becoming more and more superficial.
I am concerned about privacy violations due to using
digital technologies.
I cannot imagine a life without digital technologies
anymore.
Different use and understanding of digital technologies
increases the gap between the generations.
Life has gotten faster and more stressful due to digital
technologies.
The benefits of digital technologies to society are greater
than the risks.
I am concerned about being too dependent on digital
technologies.
Italy
Spain
Czech Republic
Please tell us how much you agree with the following statements regarding digital technologies (smartphones, computers, etc.).; All respondents; n=853-987;
Means are shown
57
People limiting their use of digital technologies are
least likely to be found among Dutch and Brits.
Digital revolution: Please tell us how much you agree with these statements.
1 Completely disagree 2
3
Completely agree
4
When it comes to protection of personal data, everyone is
responsible for themselves.
I think the digital revolution increases inequality in society
as not everybody has the same degree of access to
digital technologies.
Of all digital technologies, my smartphone / mobile phone
is the most important to me.
I try to limit my usage of digital technologies as much as
possible.
I feel overwhelmed by the digital revolution.
Germany
United Kingdom
Netherlands
Please tell us how much you agree with the following statements regarding digital technologies (smartphones, computers, etc.).; All respondents; n=853-987;
Means are shown
58
The feeling that data protection is everybody’s own
responsibility is most pronounced among young
Czechs.
Digital revolution: Please tell us how much you agree with these statements.
1 Completely disagree 2
3
Completely agree
4
When it comes to protection of personal data, everyone is
responsible for themselves.
I think the digital revolution increases inequality in society
as not everybody has the same degree of access to
digital technologies.
Of all digital technologies, my smartphone / mobile phone
is the most important to me.
I try to limit my usage of digital technologies as much as
possible.
I feel overwhelmed by the digital revolution.
Italy
Spain
Czech Republic
Please tell us how much you agree with the following statements regarding digital technologies (smartphones, computers, etc.).; All respondents; n=853-987;
Means are shown
59
The lowest concern about less jobs due to the digital
revolution is found in the UK.
Will there be more or less jobs in the future due to the digital revolution?
No answer / don´t know
8
4
I don´t think that digital
technologies have enough
influence to change either the
character of jobs or the number
of jobs available.
The character of jobs will
change, but the number of jobs
lost will be compensated by the
number of jobs gained.
12
4
36
9
2
6
9
38
33
10
12
5
4
34
40
47
13
6
9
18
11
10
There will be more jobs overall.
41
39
27
There will be less jobs overall.
Will there be more or less jobs in the future due to the digital revolution?; All respondents; n=998-1047
60
40
39
34
Italians and Spaniards believe far more jobs will be
lost than young people elsewhere.
In percent of current jobs, how many do you think will be lost ?
20
33
26
34
10
22
8
26
19
11% to 20%
11
7
21
11
5 7
24
11
4 6
31
20
Up to 10%
25
31
22
36
21% to 30%
10
16
22
31% to 40%
In percent of current jobs, how many jobs do you think will be lost?; Respondents who believe jobs will be lost; n=177-306
61
11
16
12
15
7
9
41% to 50%
6
6
More than 50%
Those who believe jobs will be gained mostly expect
up to 30% more.
In percent of current jobs, how many do you think will be gained?
44
26
30
19
17
20
20
35
19
21% to 30%
13
11
13
9
In percent of current jobs, how many jobs do you think will be gained?; Respondents who believe jobs will be gained; n=51-111
4
5 5
21
13
22
8
8
13
31% to 40%
62
6
12
27
20
21
11% to 20%
8
46
38
Up to 10%
9
18
6
7
11
41% to 50%
More than 50%
Young Germans and Brits expect by far the strongest
effects of the digital revolution to be visible in the
area of ICT.
Out of the following areas, please rank the five areas which will be affected most by
changing digital technologies.
Information and communication technologies
29 10 9
33
Education 17 8 9
89
16 12 11
Journalism and information (news) 14 17 10
Manufacturing, processing 12 9 8
Business, administration and law 51011
Engineering and engineering trades 38 8
Mathematics and statistics 356
18 8 9
28
15 16 10
9 17 10
11 11 12
18 12 9
510 8
37 8
9 11
3610
47 7
37 7
333
453
Social and behavioral sciences 474
43
365
Health / medicine and welfare 5 8
35 8
446
Natural sciences 347
44
45
Services 6 8
55
36
Arts, humanities, languages 34
13 9
Agriculture, forestry, fisheries and veterinary 33
55
Architecture and construction 44
4
Rank - 1
37
Rank - 2
Rank - 3
Out of the following areas, please rank the five areas which will be affected most by changing digital technologies, beginning with the area where you expect the greatest
changes.; All respondents; n=983-1011
63
In other European countries, strong effects on the
area of education are expected as well.
Out of the following areas, please rank the five areas which will be affected most by
changing digital technologies.
Information and communication technologies
22 9 11
20 9 7
28
Education
24 8 9
26 9 10
28 1210
Journalism and information (news) 13 17 9
11 17 12
7 14 9
9 87
10 9 7
Business, administration and law 47 7
69 9
4 8 12
Engineering and engineering trades 8 7
4 8 10
311 11
Mathematics and statistics 57 8
47 7
48 6
Arts, humanities, languages 6 74
6 73
5 84
Social and behavioral sciences 55
464
66
Health / medicine and welfare 46
37
45
Natural sciences 45
355
6
Services 47
35
34
Agriculture, forestry, fisheries and veterinary 335
335
Architecture and construction 56
36
Manufacturing, processing 1210 8
Rank - 1
9 9
5
Rank - 2
Rank - 3
Out of the following areas, please rank the five areas which will be affected most by changing digital technologies, beginning with the area where you expect the greatest
changes.; All respondents; n=983-1011
64
Italians and Spaniards show the greatest affinity
towards pursuing an ICT career.
Would you generally be willing to pursue a career in the area of ICT?
13
47
17
33
35
20
39
43
9
29
35
8
49
38
Yes, definitely
6
49
35
41
Maybe
Definitely not
20
11
5
8
4
5
No answer / don´t know
Would you generally be willing to pursue a career in the area of digital information and communication technologies (ICT, e.g. software or network engineering,
programming, IT service, ICT training)?; All respondents; n=941-992
65
Young Brits most often cite a lack of interest against
ICT, young Germans feel most often that it does not fit
their strengths.
Why would you not consider a career in ICT?
61
43
I am not interested in working in that area at all.
42
50
I do not see my strengths in that area.
34
20
18
I am not interested in an office-bound job.
28
24
24
I don´t want to sit in front of a computer all day.
35
32
29
I do not feel competent enough.
52
26
25
21
Jobs are boring
13
Education would take too much time.
10
15
12
There is not enough social contact in these jobs.
It is too difficult to keep up with technological
development and change.
Job and career options are more promising in other
fields.
Jobs are paid too low.
11
13
11
11
7
9
8
10
9
5
6
4
These jobs generally have a bad reputation.
1
2
1
Other
2
2
2
6
5
5
No answer / don´t know
Why would you not consider / What makes you cautious to consider a career in digital information and communication technologies (ICT)? Please tick all reasons that
apply.; Respondents who would (likely) not consider a career in ICT; n=545-769
66
Among Czechs, the primary reason to not consider
an ICT career is the feeling of a lack of competence.
Why would you not consider a career in ICT?
I am not interested in working in that area at all.
29
25
31
I do not see my strengths in that area.
27
28
36
I am not interested in an office-bound job.
7
Jobs are boring
8
35
16
15
9
15
22
19
Education would take too much time.
58
17
14
I don´t want to sit in front of a computer all day.
There is not enough social contact in these jobs.
It is too difficult to keep up with technological
development and change.
Job and career options are more promising in other
fields.
Jobs are paid too low.
19
39
I do not feel competent enough.
18
13
12
20
10
15
21
9
13
9
9
11
3
These jobs generally have a bad reputation.
1
1
1
Other
1
1
2
No answer / don´t know
7
6
3
Why would you not consider / What makes you cautious to consider a career in digital information and communication technologies (ICT)? Please tick all reasons that
apply.; Respondents who would (likely) not consider a career in ICT; n=545-769
67
Skills in the digitalised
economy
68
Brits are particularly convinced of a widespread
requirement of basic ICT skills at work in the future.
ICT skills: In how far do you agree with the following statements? In the future…
1 Completely disagree 2
3
Completely agree
4
…more jobs will require basic ICT skills like using office
or e-mail software (e.g. Microsoft Word, Excel, Outlook,
etc.).
…more jobs will require advanced ICT skills in using
sector-specific software tools (e.g. Adobe Photoshop,
data processing software, etc.).
…more jobs will require skills at developing, operating
and maintaining ICT systems (software engineering,
coding, programming, in-depth technical knowledge about
hard- and software).
...almost everyone will need some level of coding skill
(programming, scripting etc.) in their job.
Germany
United Kingdom
Netherlands
Thinking about the skills at using digital information and communication technologies (ICT), in how far do you agree with the following statements? In the future…; All
respondents; n=908-996; Means are shown
69
Compared to young people elsewhere, Italians and
Spaniards are more aware that coding might become
a requirement.
ICT skills: In how far do you agree with the following statements? In the future…
1 Completely disagree 2
3
Completely agree
4
…more jobs will require basic ICT skills like using office
or e-mail software (e.g. Microsoft Word, Excel, Outlook,
etc.).
…more jobs will require advanced ICT skills in using
sector-specific software tools (e.g. Adobe Photoshop,
data processing software, etc.).
…more jobs will require skills at developing, operating
and maintaining ICT systems (software engineering,
coding, programming, in-depth technical knowledge about
hard- and software).
...almost everyone will need some level of coding skill
(programming, scripting etc.) in their job.
Italy
Spain
Czech Republic
Thinking about the skills at using digital information and communication technologies (ICT), in how far do you agree with the following statements? In the future…; All
respondents; n=908-996; Means are shown
70
Confidence in personal ICT skills is highest in the UK.
Dutch are less convinced of constant training being
necessary than others.
ICT at work: In how far do you agree with these statements?
1 Completely disagree 2
3
Completely agree
4
The changes to working environments require constant
professional training, even when you are employed.
I love the idea of being able to work from home by using
digital technologies.
I am confident to keep up with any technological changes
relevant to my field of education / work.
I am generally confident that my ICT skills are sufficient
for my future career path.
Digital technologies play a very important role in my field
of education / work.
I am concerned about maintaining a healthy work-life
balance due to constantly changing work environments.
The level of ICT skills required by employers today
endangers my chances to find a job.
I feel at a disadvantage in applying for jobs in the future
because of a lack of ICT skills.
Germany
United Kingdom
Netherlands
Thinking about the influence of digital technologies on the workplace of the future: In how far do you agree with the following statements?; All respondents; n=884978; Means are shown
71
Young Czechs are least concerned about ICT
requirements endangering their job chances.
ICT at work: In how far do you agree with these statements?
1 Completely disagree 2
3
Completely agree
4
The changes to working environments require constant
professional training, even when you are employed.
I love the idea of being able to work from home by using
digital technologies.
I am confident to keep up with any technological changes
relevant to my field of education / work.
I am generally confident that my ICT skills are sufficient
for my future career path.
Digital technologies play a very important role in my field
of education / work.
I am concerned about maintaining a healthy work-life
balance due to constantly changing work environments.
The level of ICT skills required by employers today
endangers my chances to find a job.
I feel at a disadvantage in applying for jobs in the future
because of a lack of ICT skills.
Italy
Spain
Czech Republic
Thinking about the influence of digital technologies on the workplace of the future: In how far do you agree with the following statements?; All respondents; n=884978; Means are shown
72
Young people in the Netherlands believe connecting
devices to be less important than those elsewhere.
How important do you think the following ICT skills are on your career path?
1 Completely disagree 2
3
Completely agree
4
Sending and receiving e-mails
Standard office software (e.g. Microsoft Word, Excel,
PowerPoint)
Searching for information on the Internet
Critically thinking about information found on the Internet
Connecting different devices (e.g. printer, projector,
camera) with a computer
Knowledge of ways to protect data
Using digital devices other than a
computer (e.g. smartphone, tablet PC)
Software to handle large databases (e.g. Microsoft
Access)
Germany
United Kingdom
How important do you think the following ICT skills are on your career path?; All respondents; n=878-990; Means are shown
73
Netherlands
Italians and Spaniards expect database software to
be more important than young people in other
countries do.
How important do you think the following ICT skills are on your career path?
1 Completely disagree 2
3
Completely agree
4
Sending and receiving e-mails
Standard office software (e.g. Microsoft Word, Excel,
PowerPoint)
Searching for information on the Internet
Critically thinking about information found on the Internet
Connecting different devices (e.g. printer, projector,
camera) with a computer
Knowledge of ways to protect data
Using digital devices other than a
computer (e.g. smartphone, tablet PC)
Software to handle large databases (e.g. Microsoft
Access)
Italy
Spain
How important do you think the following ICT skills are on your career path?; All respondents; n=878-990; Means are shown
74
Czech Republic
Young Europeans generally feel that more complex or
hardware related skills will remain less important than
basic ICT skills.
How important do you think the following ICT skills are on your career path?
1 Completely disagree 2
3
Completely agree
4
Communicating with others via social
networks (e.g. Facebook, Twitter)
Setting up a computer network
Using tools for encrypting e-mails
Software for processing and creating images /
graphics (e.g. Photoshop)
Creating and maintaining a website / blog
Setting up and maintaining a web server
Scripting / Coding of software (requiring scripting
language)
Germany
United Kingdom
How important do you think the following ICT skills are on your career path?; All respondents; n=878-990; Means are shown
75
Netherlands
Overall, Italians and Spaniards attribute the highest
importance to ICT skills, even complex ones.
How important do you think the following ICT skills are on your career path?
1 Completely disagree 2
3
Completely agree
4
Communicating with others via social
networks (e.g. Facebook, Twitter)
Setting up a computer network
Using tools for encrypting e-mails
Software for processing and creating images /
graphics (e.g. Photoshop)
Creating and maintaining a website / blog
Setting up and maintaining a web server
Scripting / Coding of software (requiring scripting
language)
Italy
Spain
How important do you think the following ICT skills are on your career path?; All respondents; n=878-990; Means are shown
76
Czech Republic
Young Europeans are universally confident in their
ability to perform those ICT skills that they expect to
be of importance.
And how confident are you in your ability to perform these skills?
1 Completely disagree 2
3
Completely agree
4
Sending and receiving e-mails
Standard office software (e.g. Microsoft Word, Excel,
PowerPoint)
Searching for information on the Internet
Thinking critically about information found on the Internet
Connecting different devices (e.g. printer, projector,
camera) with a computer
Knowledge of ways to protect data
Using digital devices other than a
computer (e.g. smartphone, tablet PC)
Software to handle large databases (e.g. Microsoft
Access)
Germany
United Kingdom
Netherlands
And how confident are you in your ability to perform these skills on the level required on your career path?; All respondents; n=587-962; Means are shown
77
Data protection and handling database software are
skills for which young European feel less prepared.
And how confident are you in your ability to perform these skills?
1 Completely disagree 2
3
Completely agree
4
Sending and receiving e-mails
Standard office software (e.g. Microsoft Word, Excel,
PowerPoint)
Searching for information on the Internet
Thinking critically about information found on the Internet
Connecting different devices (e.g. printer, projector,
camera) with a computer
Knowledge of ways to protect data
Using digital devices other than a
computer (e.g. smartphone, tablet PC)
Software to handle large databases (e.g. Microsoft
Access)
Italy
Spain
Czech Republic
And how confident are you in your ability to perform these skills on the level required on your career path?; All respondents; n=587-962; Means are shown
78
Compared to other Europeans, young Brits feel least
competent about e-mail encryption, server management,
and coding.
And how confident are you in your ability to perform these skills?
1 Completely disagree 2
3
Completely agree
4
Communicating with others via social
networks (e.g. Facebook, Twitter)
Setting up a computer network
Using tools for encrypting e-mails
Software for processing and creating images /
graphics (e.g. Photoshop)
Creating and maintaining a website / blog
Setting up and maintaining a web server
Scripting / Coding of software (requiring scripting
language)
Germany
United Kingdom
Netherlands
And how confident are you in your ability to perform these skills on the level required on your career path?; All respondents; n=587-962; Means are shown
79
As expected, confidence in using social networks is
high across all countries.
And how confident are you in your ability to perform these skills?
1 Completely disagree 2
3
Completely agree
4
Communicating with others via social
networks (e.g. Facebook, Twitter)
Setting up a computer network
Using tools for encrypting e-mails
Software for processing and creating images /
graphics (e.g. Photoshop)
Creating and maintaining a website / blog
Setting up and maintaining a web server
Scripting / Coding of software (requiring scripting
language)
Italy
Spain
Czech Republic
And how confident are you in your ability to perform these skills on the level required on your career path?; All respondents; n=587-962; Means are shown
80
Young Brits are most likely to search the Internet for
solutions to ICT problems or to figure things out
themselves.
Thinking about acquiring ICT skills or solving ICT problems: Where do you / would you seek
support?
63
52
Searching the internet for solutions
46
Friends and peers
46
45
44
IT specialists / colleagues
44
42
40
Handbooks and documentations of software packages
22
Technical literature
25
31
40
34
I would rather try figuring it out by myself.
23
16
15
11
E-learning coursework
16
13
15
Parents and relatives
19
15
21
Coursework in public education faculties
21
No answer / don´t know
4
12
Coursework in private education faculties
Other
9
1
0
10
9
10
7
1
9
Thinking about acquiring ICT skills or solving ICT problems: Where do you / would you seek support?; All respondents; n=1000-1047
81
Young Italians least often ask friends and peers to solve
ICT problems but rely more likely on handbooks and
coursework.
Thinking about acquiring ICT skills or solving ICT problems: Where do you / would you seek
support?
50
49
Searching the internet for solutions
37
47
34
49
30
Friends and peers
57
IT specialists / colleagues
36
I would rather try figuring it out by myself.
32
25
27
Handbooks and documentations of software packages
30
27
29
23
E-learning coursework
Parents and relatives
15
16
Technical literature
10
24
13
16
12
13
Coursework in public education faculties
19
10
15
Coursework in private education faculties
16
8
11
Other
No answer / don´t know
1
0
8
7
0
5
Thinking about acquiring ICT skills or solving ICT problems: Where do you / would you seek support?; All respondents; n=1000-1047
82
Evaluation of education
and work
83
Young Europeans are equivocal in their wish for more
cooperation between schools, universities, and
employers.
Companies’ stance on skill gap: In how far do you agree with these statements?
1 Completely disagree 2
3
Completely agree
4
Schools, universities and employers have to work closer
together.
Companies should close the gap in skills
they see by offering better on-the-job
training.
Companies should invest more in educational institutions.
They are right. Education today
does not adequately prepare for
jobs.
Employers should have more influence on the curricula.
Not the educational institutions but the
companies need to rethink their approach.
Germany
United Kingdom
Netherlands
Many companies state repeatedly, that they have difficulties finding employees who possess the right skill sets for their job. What is your opinion on this? Do you
agree with the following statements?; All respondents; n=822-971; Means are shown
84
Young Spaniards are the most convinced that
companies rather than educators need to rethink
their approach.
Companies’ stance on skill gap: In how far do you agree with these statements?
1 Completely disagree 2
3
Completely agree
4
Schools, universities and employers have to work closer
together.
Companies should close the gap in skills
they see by offering better on-the-job
training.
Companies should invest more in educational institutions.
They are right. Education today
does not adequately prepare for
jobs.
Employers should have more influence on the curricula.
Not the educational institutions but the
companies need to rethink their approach.
Italy
Spain
Czech Republic
Many companies state repeatedly, that they have difficulties finding employees who possess the right skill sets for their job. What is your opinion on this? Do you
agree with the following statements?; All respondents; n=822-971; Means are shown
85
Young Brits hold schools for general education far
more often responsible for ICT training than young
people elsewhere.
Who is most responsible for teaching your generation the ICT skills that are required to
succeed on a career path?
Schools for general education
26
Vocational training
26
Institutions of higher education
49
15
17
3
21
8
16
15
11
On-the-job training / traineeships
5
Internships
5
1
12
Specialised training institutions where you can
attend specific ICT courses
9
3
7
None of these. I am responsible to acquire these
skills on my own.
7
10
6
No answer / don´t know
8
12
10
In your opinion, who is most responsible for teaching your generation the ICT skills that are required to succeed on a career path?; Respondents who are employed but not selfemployed; n=1000-1047
86
In most countries, young people do not agree on a
single institution responsible for ICT training.
Who is most responsible for teaching your generation the ICT skills that are required to
succeed on a career path?
Schools for general education
Vocational training
23
21
19
19
14
21
18
25
Institutions of higher education
10
13
Internships
8
11
Specialised training institutions where you can
attend specific ICT courses
8
On-the-job training / traineeships
None of these. I am responsible to acquire these
skills on my own.
No answer / don´t know
23
14
7
5
9
1
4
8
6
6
7
In your opinion, who is most responsible for teaching your generation the ICT skills that are required to succeed on a career path?; Respondents who are employed but not selfemployed; n=1000-1047
87
Across Europe, schools for general education are
seen as providing the worst preparation in terms of
ICT skills.
How well do the following educational possibilities prepare your generation in terms of
ICT skills?
1 very poor
2
3
very good 4
Specialised training institutions where you can
attend specific ICT courses
On-the-job training / traineeships
Vocational training
Internships
Institutions of higher education (university, college, etc.)
Schools for general education
Germany
United Kingdom
Netherlands
In your opinion, how well do the following educational possibilities prepare your generation for what is expected on the job market in terms of ICT skills?; All respondents;
n=733-962; Means are shown
88
In general, young Czechs give slightly more credit to
educators in terms of ICT teaching.
How well do the following educational possibilities prepare your generation in terms of
ICT skills?
1 very poor
2
3
very good 4
Specialised training institutions where you can
attend specific ICT courses
On-the-job training / traineeships
Vocational training
Internships
Institutions of higher education (university, college, etc.)
Schools for general education
Italy
Spain
Czech Republic
In your opinion, how well do the following educational possibilities prepare your generation for what is expected on the job market in terms of ICT skills?; All respondents;
n=733-962; Means are shown
89
More courses, better teachers, and a wider use of
ICT are the most needed improvements in the eyes
of students.
What should schools and universities do to improve learning ICT skills?
42
47
Offer more courses in ICT
Train teachers better in ICT
40
48
Use ICT more often even in general, not only in
ICT specific courses
43
48
22
Facilitate internships at tech companies
30
Employ more teachers for ICT
33
25
24
14
22
19
18
21
Acquire better broadband internet access
39
27
29
Set up more / better computers
37
12
I don´t think teaching of ICT skills at schools and
universities needs to be improved.
4
3
4
Other
0
3
1
No answer / don´t know
14
11
In your opinion, what should schools and universities do to improve learning ICT skills?; All respondents; n=1000-1047
90
13
Students in Spain and the Czech Republic see more
value in internships at tech companies than students
elsewhere.
What should schools and universities do to improve learning ICT skills?
44
46
42
42
41
Use ICT more often even in general, not only in
ICT specific courses
37
42
38
Set up more / better computers
33
51
Offer more courses in ICT
Train teachers better in ICT
Facilitate internships at tech companies
22
Employ more teachers for ICT
26
32
35
33
27
25
19
21
Acquire better broadband internet access
24
14
I don´t think teaching of ICT skills at schools and
universities needs to be improved.
1
1
3
Other
0
1
1
No answer / don´t know
6
8
In your opinion, what should schools and universities do to improve learning ICT skills?; All respondents; n=1000-1047
91
8
On-the-job training in ICT is least often offered in the
Netherlands and the Czech Republic.
Does your employer offer on-the-job training in ICT skills? Would you expect them to?
No answer / don´t know
They do not offer training, and I
do not expect them to.
They do not offer training, but I
expect them to.
15
13
20
22
16
9
8
22
24
27
19
23
37
19
16
29
13
11
20
23
19
24
26
13
They do offer training, but I do
not expect them to.
26
They do offer training, and I
expect them to.
12
35
23
9
27
Does your employer offer any on-the-job training in ICT skills? Would you expect them to?; Respondents who are still undergoing education (other than general education);
n=296-583
92
Trainings on using the Internet are more often
attended by Dutch students than Germans or Brits.
In how far is training in ICT skills offered (at your current educational institution)?
Standard office software
(e.g. Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint) 24
34
19
Software to handle large databases
(e.g. Microsoft Access) 15 28
Software for processing and creating images /
graphics (e.g. Photoshop) 13
Searching for information on the Internet
32
24
19 17
13 19
15 21
10 16
16 17
24
23
25 15
33
18
Thinking critically about information
found on the Internet 23
22
26
34
17
Knowledge of ways to protect data 13 25
16
11 14
14 17
Creating and maintaining a website / blog 9 23
12 15
13 17
Sending and receiving e-mails 13 21
14 15
16 17
Training offered, and I do / did attend
Training offered, but I did not attend (yet)
Thinking about the institution you currently receive your education from (e.g. school, university, vocational training), in how far is training in the following ICT skills
offered?; Respondents who are still undergoing education (other than general education); n=376-615
93
Training of basic skills is more common among
students in Spain and Italy than in the Czech
Republic.
In how far is training in ICT skills offered (at your current educational institution)?
Standard office software
(e.g. Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint)
31
Software to handle large databases
(e.g. Microsoft Access) 22
21
38
25
28
Software for processing and creating images /
graphics (e.g. Photoshop) 17 23
Searching for information on the Internet
25
18
45
Thinking critically about information
found on the Internet 23 20
39
Knowledge of ways to protect data 18 23
20
Creating and maintaining a website / blog 14 20
24
Sending and receiving e-mails 22 19
17 23
24
19
34
Training offered, and I do / did attend
17
19 21
23
23
31
17
19
22 17
20 16
14 19
21
26
17
18 21
20 15
Training offered, but I did not attend (yet)
Thinking about the institution you currently receive your education from (e.g. school, university, vocational training), in how far is training in the following ICT skills
offered?; Respondents who are still undergoing education (other than general education); n=376-615
94
Courses on advanced skills are rarely attended by
students in Germany, the UK and the Netherlands.
In how far is training in ICT skills offered (at your current educational institution)?
Using tools for encrypting e-mails 7 19
610
8 17
Communicating with others via social networks
(e.g. Facebook, Twitter) 9 19
9 12
15 17
Connecting different devices
(e.g. printer, projector, camera) with a computer 12 18
8 14
13 14
Setting up a computer network 10 25
8 14
11 17
Setting up and maintaining a web server 9 23
5 14
10 18
13 14
14 20
8 10
11 17
Scripting / Coding of software
(requiring scripting language) 16
28
Using digital devices other than a computer
(e.g. smartphone, tablet PC) 8 19
Training offered, and I do / did attend
Training offered, but I did not attend (yet)
Thinking about the institution you currently receive your education from (e.g. school, university, vocational training), in how far is training in the following ICT skills
offered?; Respondents who are still undergoing education (other than general education); n=376-615
95
Spanish students show higher attendance of
advanced courses than Italians or Czechs.
In how far is training in ICT skills offered (at your current educational institution)?
Using tools for encrypting e-mails 12 17
9 14
13 19
Communicating with others via social networks
(e.g. Facebook, Twitter) 12 18
22 17
9 13
Connecting different devices
(e.g. printer, projector, camera) with a computer 17 15
27
13 16
Setting up a computer network 16 19
22
21
14 19
Setting up and maintaining a web server 15 19
19
23
11 21
Scripting / Coding of software
(requiring scripting language) 18 19
19
17 20
Using digital devices other than a computer
(e.g. smartphone, tablet PC) 16 18
25
Training offered, and I do / did attend
17
17 21
8 14
Training offered, but I did not attend (yet)
Thinking about the institution you currently receive your education from (e.g. school, university, vocational training), in how far is training in the following ICT skills
offered?; Respondents who are still undergoing education (other than general education); n=376-615
96
For those who are already employed, courses on
standard office software were most popular across
Europe.
In how far was training in ICT skills offered (at your past educational institution)?
Standard office software
(e.g. Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint)
39
17
38
Software to handle large databases
(e.g. Microsoft Access) 22 18
23 11
Software for processing and creating images /
graphics (e.g. Photoshop) 18 18
Searching for information on the Internet
29
14
13 9
14
Thinking critically about information
found on the Internet 21 16
Knowledge of ways to protect data 20 13
Creating and maintaining a website / blog 14 15
Sending and receiving e-mails 23 14
25 13
17 13
12 11
30 10
22 12
27 7
22 11
15 7
13 12
12 8
1111
23 10
Training offered, and I did attend
15 12
Training offered, but I did not attend
Thinking about the institution you received your education from (e.g. school, university, vocational training) before you started your current job, in how far was training in
the following ICT skills offered?; Respondents who are employed; n=450-717
97
Young Spaniards already employed were most
interested in courses on office software and
searching the Internet.
In how far was training in ICT skills offered (at your past educational institution)?
Standard office software
(e.g. Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint)
Software to handle large databases
(e.g. Microsoft Access)
37
25
16
41
16
28
Software for processing and creating images /
graphics (e.g. Photoshop) 20 14
Searching for information on the Internet
29
20
14
29
Knowledge of ways to protect data 17 15
Creating and maintaining a website / blog 18 15
28
24
13
34
17 18
18
18
24 16
17 13
18 20
14 17
20
19 18
30
Training offered, and I did attend
16
18 17
24
40
Thinking critically about information
found on the Internet 21 16
Sending and receiving e-mails
20
21
21
23 14
Training offered, but I did not attend
Thinking about the institution you received your education from (e.g. school, university, vocational training) before you started your current job, in how far was training in
the following ICT skills offered?; Respondents who are employed; n=450-717
98
Courses on advanced ICT skills were rarely attended
by those already employed in Germany, UK, and the
Netherlands.
In how far was training in ICT skills offered (at your past educational institution)?
Using tools for encrypting e-mails 10 16
67
7 13
Communicating with others via social networks
(e.g. Facebook, Twitter) 10 14
68
9 11
Connecting different devices
(e.g. printer, projector, camera) with a computer 16 14
12 7
1010
88
9 13
57
9 11
10 9
13 11
87
9 11
Setting up a computer network 14 16
Setting up and maintaining a web server 12 14
Scripting / Coding of software
(requiring scripting language) 15 16
Using digital devices other than a computer
(e.g. smartphone, tablet PC) 11 14
Training offered, and I did attend
Training offered, but I did not attend
Thinking about the institution you received your education from (e.g. school, university, vocational training) before you started your current job, in how far was training in
the following ICT skills offered?; Respondents who are employed; n=450-717
99
Courses on advanced ICT skills were far more often
offered to Young Italians, Spaniards, and Czechs.
In how far was training in ICT skills offered (at your past educational institution)?
Using tools for encrypting e-mails 12 15
12 20
8 12
Communicating with others via social networks
(e.g. Facebook, Twitter) 14 16
18 18
8 13
Connecting different devices
(e.g. printer, projector, camera) with a computer 21 13
21 20
17 14
Setting up a computer network 20 14
19 20
15 15
Setting up and maintaining a web server 17 14
18 18
12 15
Scripting / Coding of software
(requiring scripting language) 17 15
18 18
15 16
Using digital devices other than a computer
(e.g. smartphone, tablet PC) 18 13
19 20
9 13
Training offered, and I did attend
Training offered, but I did not attend
Thinking about the institution you received your education from (e.g. school, university, vocational training) before you started your current job, in how far was training in
the following ICT skills offered?; Respondents who are employed; n=450-717
100
Young Dutch are less convinced than Germans and Brits
about Europe’s potential as a leader in research and
development of ICT.
ICT skills in Europe: Please indicate in how far you agree with these statements.
1 Completely disagree 2
3
Completely agree
4
Europe can and should take a leadership role when it
comes to research and development in digital
technologies.
Education in digital technologies in Europe needs to step
up to not fall behind other regions in the world.
Europe will remain competitive overall and not loose jobs
due to changing digital technologies.
My home country will remain competitive and not loose
jobs due to changing digital technologies.
I am afraid that jobs will be increasingly outsourced to
other regions of the world because of a lack of ICT skills
in Europe.
Germany
United Kingdom
Netherlands
Thinking about ICT skills and their importance for the future workplace, do you think countries in Europe will keep up with the ongoing changes? Please indicate in how far
you agree with the following statements.; All respondents; n=33-261; Means are shown
101
Spaniards and Italians are most concerned about
outsourced jobs and their home countries not
remaining competitive.
ICT skills in Europe: Please indicate in how far you agree with these statements.
1 Completely disagree 2
3
Completely agree
4
Europe can and should take a leadership role when it
comes to research and development in digital
technologies.
Education in digital technologies in Europe needs to step
up to not fall behind other regions in the world.
Europe will remain competitive overall and not loose jobs
due to changing digital technologies.
My home country will remain competitive and not loose
jobs due to changing digital technologies.
I am afraid that jobs will be increasingly outsourced to
other regions of the world because of a lack of ICT skills
in Europe.
Italy
Spain
Czech Republic
Thinking about ICT skills and their importance for the future workplace, do you think countries in Europe will keep up with the ongoing changes? Please indicate in how far
you agree with the following statements.; All respondents; n=33-261; Means are shown
102
Entrepreneurship
103
Interest in startups or an own business in the field of
ICT is rather low in Germany, the UK, and the
Netherlands.
Entrepreneurship: In how far do you agree with these statements?
1 Completely disagree 2
3
Completely agree
4
I would love to start my own business in general.
I would love to work for a startup company in general.
I would prefer starting my own business or working in a
startup company to working in a large business /
company.
I would love to work for a startup company in the field of
ICT.
I would love to start my own business in the field of ICT.
Germany
United Kingdom
In how far do you agree with the following statements?; All respondents; n=806-916; Means are shown
104
Netherlands
Young Italians and Spaniards are more interested than
others in self-employment and startups across the
board then.
Entrepreneurship: In how far do you agree with these statements?
1 Completely disagree 2
3
Completely agree
4
I would love to start my own business in general.
I would love to work for a startup company in general.
I would prefer starting my own business or working in a
startup company to working in a large business /
company.
I would love to work for a startup company in the field of
ICT.
I would love to start my own business in the field of ICT.
Italy
Spain
In how far do you agree with the following statements?; All respondents; n=806-916; Means are shown
105
Czech Republic
In comparison, young Brits often believe that an own
business offers better earnings and work-lifebalance.
Which of the following reasons describe best why you would like to start your own
business?
43
44
I want to realise my own business ideas.
I do not want to work for someone else /
I want to be my own boss.
47
38
I think I can earn more money with my own business.
I think it will help me to keep a better balance
between work and private life.
29
38
24
38
I am confident that I have the skills I need for my own
business.
18
27
I want to build up a cooperation / a company
with people who have the same goals.
23
25
I want to employ people / I want to lead employees.
26
23
I would get all the support I need from my family / my
friends.
I think I have enough work experience
to start my own business.
Other
No answer / don´t know
28
18
20
27
27
I consider it a good way to invest my money.
31
24
18
It is hard to find a good job in the job market.
37
28
18
27
18
16
17
17
10
10
2
0
6
6
14
1
9
Which of the following reasons describe best why you would like to start your own business?; Respondents who agree that they "would love to start their own business"; n=475732
106
A problematic situation on the job market triggers interest
in self-employment quite often in Italy, Spain, and the
Czech Republic.
Which of the following reasons describe best why you would like to start your own
business?
39
39
I want to realise my own business ideas.
45
I do not want to work for someone else /
I want to be my own boss.
26
25
41
I think I can earn more money with my own business.
27
29
40
I think it will help me to keep a better balance
between work and private life.
29
32
35
32
It is hard to find a good job in the job market.
I am confident that I have the skills I need for my own
business.
17
I consider it a good way to invest my money.
23
I want to build up a cooperation / a company
with people who have the same goals.
23
24
32
28
23
26
25
13
24
I want to employ people / I want to lead employees.
16
18
21
I would get all the support I need from my family / my
friends.
I think I have enough work experience
to start my own business.
14
16
14
11
14
15
Other
1
1
1
No answer / don´t know
3
5
3
Which of the following reasons describe best why you would like to start your own business?; Respondents who agree that they "would love to start their own business"; n=475732
107
Young Brits rather feel they are lacking business
ideas. Young Dutch do fear being in charge of an own
business.
Which of the following reasons describe best why you would (rather) NOT start your
own business?
I do not have enough money / funds to start my own
business.
It causes too much stress / too much work.
I do not think I have enough work experience
to start my own business.
I do not have any business ideas / I do not know in
which field to start my own business.
I am not confident that I have the skills I need
for my own business.
I think balance between work-life and private life
would be difficult to achieve.
I consider it a bad way to invest my money into an own
business / I do not want the financial risk.
Larger companies offer better financial security.
I rather want to work for someone else /
I do not want to be my own boss.
I find the regulations and procedures with regard to
starting one’s own business too complicated.
I think I do not have enough work related net-working.
I do not want to employ people / I do not want
to lead employees.
I think I can earn more money when I work for
an established company.
Other
No answer / don´t know
42
47
31
47
38
42
28
30
23
24
21
21
18
22
38
46
40
37
32
43
39
27
16
20
26
15
19
22
7
4
35
41
31
32
28
30
30
22
35
18
18
12
11
18
7
Which of the following reasons describe best why you would (rather) NOT like to start your own business?; Respondents who disagree that they would love to start their own
business; n=177-431; Values <15% (across all countries) are aggregated to others
108
Concerns about funding are often a reason against
self-employment in Italy, Spain, and the Czech
Republic.
Which of the following reasons describe best why you would (rather) NOT start your
own business?
I do not have enough money / funds to start my own
business.
It causes too much stress / too much work.
I do not think I have enough work experience
to start my own business.
I do not have any business ideas / I do not know in
which field to start my own business.
I am not confident that I have the skills I need
for my own business.
I think balance between work-life and private life
would be difficult to achieve.
I consider it a bad way to invest my money into an own
business / I do not want the financial risk.
Larger companies offer better financial security.
I rather want to work for someone else /
I do not want to be my own boss.
I find the regulations and procedures with regard to
starting one’s own business too complicated.
I think I do not have enough work related net-working.
I do not want to employ people / I do not want
to lead employees.
I think I can earn more money when I work for
an established company.
Other
No answer / don´t know
55
50
33
39
29
27
28
23
23
25
23
21
11
13
19
5
20
37
21
29
15
18
21
20
38
10
10
19
10
7
52
36
48
34
48
28
36
15
22
25
20
22
12
23
1
Which of the following reasons describe best why you would (rather) NOT like to start your own business?; Respondents who disagree that they would love to start their own
business; n=177-431; Values <15% (across all countries) are aggregated to others
109
Key changes the young
generation would make
110
Especially young Brits feel that an early training of ICT
skills is necessary, Germans wish for more coverage of
real life tasks.
Key changes to improve the chances to find and stay in a job
Adapt curricula in schools and university to tasks in
real life.
Make internships obligatory within education.
14
Train ICT skills at a very early stage
17
Make recruitment fairer and more transparent.
Make sure contracts have better work protection
for young employees.
Give better chances to those with a socially and /
or educationally disadvantaged background.
Send more representatives of companies to schools
to give insights into their work, e.g. career fairs.
Make it easier for young people to participate and
express
their ideas in politics and business.
Improve the process of job seeking and recruitment
through more advanced digital platforms.
No answer / don´t know
22
18
27
28
14
24
Improve the training of teachers.
Make curricula more flexible and let students
choose what they want to learn.
29
36
17
7
19
18
9
21
12
10
13
24
17
20
12
12
17
13
14
13
12
8
11
9
13
14
13
20
If you were in charge to improve the chances of your generation to find and stay in a job, what are the 3 key changes you would make to the system of education and work?;
Values < 10% (across countries) not shown; n=1000-1047
111
Czechs also wish for real life skills to be taught in
education, but are less concerned about better work
protection.
Key changes to improve the chances to find and stay in a job
Adapt curricula in schools and university to tasks in
real life.
27
27
24
22
Make internships obligatory within education.
37
31
Train ICT skills at a very early stage
13
18
15
Improve the training of teachers.
16
19
15
Make curricula more flexible and let students
choose what they want to learn.
16
20
23
Make recruitment fairer and more transparent.
24
14
14
Make sure contracts have better work protection
for young employees.
Give better chances to those with a socially and /
or educationally disadvantaged background.
Send more representatives of companies to schools
to give insights into their work, e.g. career fairs.
Make it easier for young people to participate and
express
their ideas in politics and business.
Improve the process of job seeking and recruitment
through more advanced digital platforms.
21
20
9
No answer / don´t know
10
11
13
8
10
18
11
14
7
13
11
8
5
6
7
If you were in charge to improve the chances of your generation to find and stay in a job, what are the 3 key changes you would make to the system of education and work?;
Values < 10% (across countries) not shown; n=1000-1047
112
Thank you