WELCOME
International Task Force on Vehicle-Highway
Automation
19th Annual Meeting
INTRODUCTION
What is ITFVHA?
• A forum to discuss government-industry
roles in development and deployment of
advanced driver assistance systems
• An informal group for exchange of
information and strengthening global
linkages
ITFVHA Approach
• Invitation-only gathering
– “core community” of established
programs
– countries / industries exploring
strategy/benefits for Automated Driving
• Independent of other ITS activities and
forums
• Proceedings generated
History of ITFVHA
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Organizational meeting: 1996, Orlando
1. 1997, San Diego, sponsored by NAHSC
2. 1998, Delft, Netherlands, sponsored by Rijkswaterstaat
3. 1999, Toronto, sponsored by ITS America
4. 2000, Tsukuba City, sponsored by MOC/AHSRA
5. 2001, Sydney, sponsored by ITS Australia / AAA
6. 2002, Chicago, sponsored by TRB and ITS America
7. 2003, Paris, sponsored by LIVIC
8. 2004, Nagoya, sponsored by MLIT / AHSRA
9. 2005, San Francisco, sponsored by ITS America / USDOT
10. 2006, London, sponsored by UK Highways Agency
History of ITFVHA
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2007, Versailles, sponsored by INRIA
2008, New York City, sponsored by Parsons-Brinkerhoff
2009, Stockholm, sponsored by H3B Media
2010, Busan, sponsored by Korean Transport Institute
2011, Orlando, sponsored by Bishop Consulting
2012, Vienna, sponsored by Austrian Institute of Technology & AUVSI
2013, Tokyo, sponsored by ALPS/Alpine
2014, Detroit, sponsored by VRA and Nissan
19th Annual Meeting
 Bordeaux
 Sponsors:
 Vehicle Road Automation Project
 AutonomouStuff
 Review of Agenda
 Dinner: 7:30 pm
 Restaurant:
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Mama Shelter Bordeaux
19, Rue Poquelin Moliere
33000 Bordeaux
+33 (0) 5 57 30 45 35
WHAT IS THE MOST SIGNIFICANT
DEVELOPMENT IN VEHICLE
AUTOMATION OF THE LAST YEAR?
Significant Developments: Big Picture
• VW scandal – what are implications?
• Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics
• Critical mass of technology developers, OEMs, governments and investors
coming together.
• Awareness that infrastructure requirements must get clear.
• Definitions of levels of automation.
• ISAC (clearinghouse ) established for automotive cybersecurity.
Significant Developments:
Legislators / Regulators (10)
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Political acceptance of automated driving and government sponsorship of
automated driving initiatives.
Legislative frameworks to allow for testing of automated vehicles: UK,
Netherlands, California.
Legislation/regulatory frameworks regarding public road testing show the
relevance of the technology and its possibilities at least for public authorities.
The government and public acknowledgement of a need for large scale trails and
validation of automated technologies.
Beginning of recognition by authorities attending the UNECE WP.29 Automated
Driving Informal Group that quick takeover in complex situations may be
dangerous.
Significant Developments
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Google (6)
– Google hiring automotive executive to lead the business side of their SelfDriving Car team.
– Google's indication that it intends to come to market with an urban vehicle
– Expanded testing of Google pod cars beyond Mountain View, CA to Austin TX.
New Entrants (5)
– The multiplications of players in vehicle automation (Uber, Apple, in addition
to car manufacturers...)
– The serious pursuit of automation by ride-sharing companies, particularly
Uber.
Technology Progress (5)
– Level 2 ADAS improvement (ex. CMBS, ACC) (7)
– AI technology and Sensing technology not using huge 3D Laser Scanner on the
top of car roof.
– Sensor improvements, new concepts (performance/cost ratio)
– Race for data management inside the vehicle
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Significant Developments:
News Media (4)
• The enormous media attention creating a lot of momentum
• Media hype continuing to escalate, even while industry
statements are more carefully qualified.
• The fact that autonomous driving is no longer a geek topic.
Mainstream press reports often about it and there are new
articles released virtually every week.
• The enhanced dialog about the challenges that are being
faced in deploying vehicle automation (a reality check from
the hype of the previous year).
Significant Developments
• Press Events / Demo’s (3)
– Vehicle manufacturers and tier1s' road demonstrations and large press
events (CES2015, IAA2015, Freightliner event, DELPHI, BOSCH, CONTI,
DAIMLER F015, TRW, AUDI, HERE, BMW,etc)
– On-road demonstrations (i.e. Delphi cross country trip, Freightliner
demo, Google in Texas) and test sites (i.e. GoMentum Station, MCity,
Virginia Automated Corridors, etc.)
– Audi showcased autonomous driving from SFO to Las Vegas during
CES.
• Trucks (3)
– announcement of the Freightliner Inspiration Truck by Daimler; the
world’s first autonomous truck licensed to drive on public roads.
– Approval for road testing/operation of automated truck in Nevada.”
Significant Developments
• Pace / Momentum (3)
– Acceleration of implementation process from FOT to open roads
– Fast pace vehicle manufacturers show to develop automation.
– Commercialisation plans of each OEM
• Market Developments (3)
– The rapidly growing availability of automated crash avoidance systems
(primarily AEB). These systems have been overshadowed by some of
the convenience systems and the media rush of full autonomy;
however, the relatively robust ability to successful aid drivers in
collision avoidance is an amazing achievement.
– Products on the market with more and more automation
– Several automakers developed " Emergency Autobrake ".
Significant Developments
• Digital Infrastructure (3)
– enabling to communicate with AV on the real roads
– Dynamic Map Technology
– Accurate maps
• Citymobil2 (3)
• Testing Capabilities (2)
– Opening of M City test track in Michigan
– Preparation of Willow Run test track in Michigan
– The development of next-gen test tracks like M-City and Willow-Run.
– Opening of GoMentum test area in Contra Costa County, California
WHAT ARE TWO KEY ISSUES TO BE
ADDRESSED FOR AUTOMATED DRIVING
WITHIN THE NEXT 3 YEARS?
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Key Issues:
Legal/Regulatory Framework (19)
• Creating a legal framework for AV without restricting technology
advancement in the future yet preserving safety and social acceptance.
• International harmonization of the different regulation initiatives
• Liability issues: where does responsibility lie between the driver and the
system?
• Interpretation / revision of Geneva and Vienna Conventions
• Amendment to UN R79 to allow automatically commanded steering above
10 km/h in Europe.
• What is the role of government in automated shared mobility?
Key Issues: Validation and Testing (14)
• Validation / Verification / Reliability / Redundancy / Compliance /
Test Methodology / Standards /
• Demonstrating automated driving systems are safe (and safer than
human driven vehicles
– semi-automated and fully automated
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How much validation is enough?
What are acceptable risk levels?
Who will validate the systems?
Virtual testing for design verification is highly needed.
How to come to new methodologies -- existing development
methods will result In extremely long testing and validation.
• Conducting additional controlled technology trials.
Key Issues: Human Factors (13)
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Driver and system interaction – partial, full automation
Handover to manual (but supported) driving
Taking into account human factors regarding other vehicles and VRUs.
Behavioral studies of conditional automation.
Human factors -misuse, abuse, education.
Effectively and reliably transferring control between vehicle and driver in normal
and emergency situations - from the Driver Vehicle Interface to the sensors that
can detect early, to the Algorithms that make it all happen.
Level 3 automation: how can transition of control be safely designed?
– Whether or not level 3 automation is feasible, requiring driver monitoring and
takeover. If it works, will drivers reject the automation option because it offers
little improvement, and if it doesn't work (due to unintended consequences
and accidents) will the automakers pull the option back?”
Achieve NHTSA level 3 from a showroom vehicle
Key Issues: Technology (11)
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How to use automation (technology) to create smart mobility
Effectively and reliably transferring control between vehicle and driver in normal and
emergency situations - from the Driver Vehicle Interface to the sensors that can detect early,
to the Algorithms that make it all happen.
Demonstrating long-range sensors that will enable safe operation of automated vehicles on
high-speed roads.
Spurious objects (e.g., pedestrians) and all weather capability.
How to do Highly Automated Driving (HAD) on expressways in bad weather.
Solve technical challenges of non-highway driving scenarios
Connectivity:
– what connectivity does an automated vehicle REALLY need?
– integration with connectivity (V2x): arrange uptake
Precise positioning: improvement of accuracy of position using of Quasi-Zenith Satellites in
Japan
Data fusion and deeply integration in combination with mapping (= map sensors) and (next
generation) LIDAR technology.
Key Issues: Cybersecurity (9)
• Cybersecurity / security framework
• Ability to reliably revise/update vehicle
security systems over the air.
Key Issues: Compatibility with Existing
System (7)
• Interaction between AV and non-AV
• How to deal with different mixed traffic situations on highway rural
area and urban area.
• Human-like driving: how to have automated vehicles not all drive
like a 70 year old lady.
• Programming vehicle behavior to operate in mixed vehicle
environment, requiring some amount of ""aggressive"" driving and
risk taking by the vehicle to efficiently operate.
• Interaction with Vulnerable Road Users
• Assessing the safety of AD in shared public roads
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Key Issues: Public Acceptance (6)
• Determining how to gain acceptance from the public for systems that WILL
fail;
– hopefully at rates lower than the human, but no doubt with issues yet
to be uncovered…
– … originating for numerous reasons such as cyber security threats, to
engineering mistakes, to just plain old system limitations
• Gaining initial support from the wider public in terms of both 1) safety and
2) acceptance that these vehicles are not being forced on them.
• Managing expectations of the general public, media and politicians
regarding the rate of progress and that crashes will still occur.
• Involve consumers with the developments
Key Issues: Other
• Infrastructure Support / Adaptations (2)
– what are the infrastructural requirements for automated driving (at
various levels of automation)
– Diffusion of automation at the infrastructure and operations side and
the needed infrastructure adaptations to support the transition period
• Industrial re-organization: we will see new alliances in order to be ready
for the next automotive revolution.
• Acquiring research funding to address the wide range of research
questions that need to be answered (beyond direct product development
activities).
• Designing ethics into the system.
• Developing business models
• Vision of fleets of automated cars
• Insurance
• What will be done at the Tokyo Olympics?