1.
All living things are made up of cells.
2.
Cells are the fundamental structure and function in living things.
3.
Cells come from preexisting cells.

Factoid!
The human body is composed of 100 trillion cells. Of those 100 trillion cells, there are 210 different types of cells in the human body!

Examples of Cells
Amoeba
Plant Cells
Bacteria Cells
Red and White Blood Cells
Nerve Cells

Observe the two cells below.
Identify the differences between Cell A and Cell B .
Cell A Cell B

(“Little Organs”)
• Specialized subunits within a cell that have a specific function
• Carry out activities needed to maintain homeostasis

Cell
What are some similarities between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

O

Eukaryotic Cells
• Contain membrane bound organelles
(have a “true nucleus”)
• Make up multicellular organisms but may be unicellular like an amoeba
• Examples: ALL CELLS BESIDES BACTERIA!! plant cells, animal cells, fungi, protists (amoeba)
Remember…Yo U ARE E U KARYOTIC!!
We will be studying plant and animal cells.

Prokaryotic
• no membrane bound organelles
• no nucleus so
DNA floats in cytoplasm
• Unicellular organisms
• Example: Bacteria

Prokaryotic Cell

Both Prokaryotic and
Eukaryotic Cells…
• Have cytoplasm
• Have DNA
• Have a cell membrane
• Have ribosomes

Cell A Cell B

Putting Cell Size into Perspective
Click on the picture above.

Prokaryotes…friend or foe?
Streptococcus
Salmonella
E. coli Lactobacillus
Bifidobacterium

The First Antibiotic (1928)
Click on the pictures to watch the videos about the discovery of penicillin!

Click on the picture to watch another video about the discovery of penicillin!

• Good Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Review

8.
9.
7.
6.
5.
Animal Cell
1.
4.
3.
2.

Plant Cell
10.
1.
2.
3.
9.
8.
7.
(Central Vacuole)
6.
5.
4.

1. Chloroplasts
2. Cell Wall capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce
“food” (glucose) for the cell ( process of photosynthesis) stiff wall that surrounds the cell membrane, giving the cell a rigid boxlike shape
*Plants have a large central vacuole to help the plant maintain its shape and some small vacuoles. Animal cells contain many small vacuoles!
Plant cells are more boxlike than animal cells because plant cells contain a cell wall and animal cells don’t.
Nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, *vacuoles, cell membrane, mitochondria, Golgi Body, ribosomes, cytoplasm lysosomes

Animal Plant
Cell Membrane
 Outer membrane of cell that controls movement of materials in and out of the cell
 Selectivelypermeable (only certain substances pass through)

Animal Plant
Cell Wall
 Supports & protects plant cells
 Made up of cellulose (a rigid starch material)

Animal
Plant
Cytoplasm (cytosol)
 Jelly-like mixture
 Surrounded by cell membrane
 Contains organelles
 Mostly made up of water
 Where cellular chemical reactions occur

Animal Plant
Nucleus
 Contains genetic/hereditary material – DNA
 DNA controls all the cells metabolic activities
 “cellular control center ”
 “ brain ” of the cell

Animal Plant
Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Transports materials (such as protein) around the cell
 Important in making new membranes
 “ highway ” for cell transport

Plant Animal
Ribosomes
 site of protein synthesis
 found attached to endoplasmic reticulum & floating in the cytoplasm

Golgi Body
(Golgi Apparatus)
Animal Plant
 Protein 'packaging plant'
 Sorts out protein that it has received from the ER and packages the protein into vesicles to be released out of the cell

Vacuoles
Plant *
 Stores water and waste
 * Plants have a large central vacuole (see picture) to help the plant maintain its shape and some small vacuoles
 Animal cells contain many small vacuoles !
Animal

Lysosome
 contains enzymes to digest proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
 “ digestive site”
Animal Plant

Plant Animal
Mitochondria
(plural)
Mitochondrion
(singular)
 uses glucose (sugar) to produce energy ( ATP) through cellular respiration !
 releases energy for metabolic activity
 “ powerhouse of the cell ”
 found in greater numbers in active cells

Plant Animal
Chloroplast
 contains green chlorophyll
 site of photosynthesis
 Recall…photosynthesis is using solar energy to make glucose (an energy rich compound)!

Word Association Answers
1.
Cell Membranesemi-permeable or selectively permeable
2.
Cell wallcellulose, structure and support
3.
Cytoplasm - cell metabolic reactions
4.
Chloroplastmakes an energy rich molecule using solar energy, chlorophyll, photosynthesis
5.
Mitochondrionfound in greater numbers in active cells, cellular respiration, energy released/ATP
6.
Vacuolestorage
7.
Golgi Bodyvesicles
8.
Endoplasmic Reticulumtransport
9.
Ribosomesprotein synthesis
10. Lysosomes – digestion, enzymes
11. Nucleus“brain of cell”, control center

Some Review Videos…
• Cell City Analogy
• School Analogy
• Cell Analogy
• Cell Song
• Cell Organelle Song
• Let me know if you find any other useful videos!

Click on the links below…
• Good Website For Review
• Cells Alive Animations
• Only review the organelles and structures discussed in class!