Unit 1 Earth’s Water
1.3
Lesson 3 Surface Water and Groundwater p. 30 - 38
Essential Question: How does fresh water flow on Earth?
Vocabulary:
surface water - all the bodies of fresh water, salt water, ice, and snow that are found above the ground
groundwater – the water that is beneath Earth’s surface
water table – the upper surface of underground water; the upper boundary of the zone of saturation
channel – the path that a stream follows
tributary – a stream that flows into a lake or a larger stream
watershed – the area of land that is drained by a river system
divide – the boundary between drainage areas that have streams that flow in opposite directions
aquifer – a body of rock or sediment that stores groundwater and allows the flow of groundwater
*gradient – a measure of the change in elevation over a certain distance; steepness, or slope, of the land
*flow – the amount of water that moves through a river channel in a given amount of time
*stream load – materials carried by a stream
*porosity –percentage of rock in an aquifer that is composed of pore space
*permeability – a measure of how easily water can flow through an aquifer
*recharge – process by which surface water trickles down into the ground, reaches the water table , and enters an aquifer
*discharge - the process by which groundwater becomes surface water; discharge can feed rivers, streams, and lakes
Lesson 3 Surface Water and Groundwater
A. Where on Earth in groundwater found?
1. On Earth’s Surface
2. Beneath Earth’s Surface
B. How does water move on Earth’s surface?
1. Within Watersheds
2. In Rivers and Streams
C. How does groundwater flow?
1. It Trickles Down from Earth’s Surface
2. It Fills Tiny Spaces Underground
3. It is Recharged and Discharged
D. How do people use surface water and groundwater?
1. For Drinking and Use at Home
2. For Agriculture
3. For Industry
4. For Transportation and Recreation