THE HUMAN BODY PLAN
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
1. There are 4 types of tissues that make up the
human body
 2. Tissues work together to make up an organ,
organs work together to make up an organ system
 3. Each organ system has a specific function in
the body
 4. All of the organ systems depend on each other
to maintain human body functions.
 5. All animals need to maintain steady internal
conditions (homeostasis) to survive.

4 TYPES OF TISSUE
MUSCLE TISSUE




Composed of cells that can contract in a
coordinated way
Cardiac muscle in your heart and pumps blood
Skeletal muscle moves your bones
Smooth muscle  in charge of functions you cannot control (ex: food going
through esophagus)
NERVOUS TISSUE
Contains cells that receive and transmit
messages in the form of electrical impulses
 Makes up brain, spinal cord, nerves

EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Contain cells that line or cover all internal and
external body surfaces.
 Cells are tightly bound together creating a
protective barrier.

CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• Binds, supports and protects structures in the body
ORGANIZATION
ORGAN SYSTEMS

http://www.proprofs.com/flashcards/tableview.php?title=mcb-organ-systems
BODY CAVITIES

Each cavity contains 1 or more organs
INTERDEPENDENCE
Nutrients from the digestive system are
distributed by the circulatory system.
 Circulatory system depends on oxygen from the
respiratory system.
 Every system relies on the nervous system to
sense changes in the environment and respond
accordingly.

EXAMPLE

Each day, your body’s cells, tissues, and organs work together to keep you
responsive to the environment. Consider the example of eating your lunch. The lunch
buzzer sounds just as your stomach is making some rumbling noises. Your brain
records the information that the buzzer and time of the day mean you should eat.
You proceed down the hall and enter the school cafeteria. In the cafeteria, your eyes
see a poster advertising the daily specials, and your nose senses the odour of
freshly made pizza. The message is sent to your brain, and you decide that you
should eat pizza for lunch. While in the line, you decide to reach out and select a
slice of pizza from the warming oven. The muscles in your hand and arm contract
and relax, which enables you to pick up the slice of pizza without dropping it. Once in
your seat, you chew and swallow a bite of pizza using your teeth and tongue (Figure
2.33). As the muscles in your digestive system push the food along, a variety of
glands add juices to assist in breaking down the food into the necessary nutrients. In
several hours, the nutrients in the pizza are absorbed into your bloodstream and
carried through your body to the cells. In this example, several organ systems,
including the circulatory, digestive, and nervous systems, interact to enable you to
obtain, digest, and transport essential nutrients from the pizza to all cells of your
body.
HOMEOSTASIS- KEEPING INTERNAL CONDITIONS STABLE
A specific response
amplifies until a proper
level is reached, and the
response is stopped
(designed to push levels out of normal
ranges. )

The end point of a specific process
regulates the beginning of that same
process.
(maintain or regulate physiological
functions )

HOMEOSTASIS- KEEPING INTERNAL CONDITIONS STABLE

Positive feedback loops During childbirth, pressure on mother’s
Uterus causes secretion of hormone oxytocin
This stimulates contractions, putting
Pressure on the fetus
Pressure from the fetus further stimulates
The hormone to be released.

Negative feedback loops
Blood calcium must be at proper level for
muscles to function.
If too low, parathyroid gland releases a
hormone that pulls calcium from the
bones and releases it into the bloodstream.
Once at proper level, the gland stops
releasing the hormone.