Assoc. prof. MVDr. Šimon Vaculín, Ph.D.

Department of physiology, Ke Karlovu 4,
Praha 2
1. unit
7 weeks
Locomotion
2. unit
3 weeks
GIT
3. unit
2 weeks
Respiration and blood
4. unit
3 weeks
Kidney
Unit
lectures
classes
seminary (tests, essays)
conference
Final test/oral exam
Ganong WF. Review of medical physiology
Silbernagl S, Despopoulos A. Color atlas of
physiology
 Guyton & Hall. Textbook of Medical Physiology



Rokyta et al. Practical Courses on Physiology.
CD
Unit 1 – Locomotion (7 weeks)
Running exams
Structure
Bones of extremities – oral
Joints of extremities – oral
Axial sceleton – oral
skull – oral
Function
SeminaryTests
Final Exams
Structure and Function
FinalTest
Unit 2 – GIT (3 weeks)
Running exams
Function
SeminaryTests
Final Exams
Structure and Function
FinalTest
Unit 3 – Respiration and Blood (2 weeks)
Running exams
Function
SeminaryTests
Final Exams
Structure and Function
FinalTest
Unit 4 – Kidney (3 weeks)
Running exams
Function
SeminaryTests
Final Exams
Structure and Function
Final Oral Exam
Unit 5 – Topography autopsy of extremities
Final Exams
Structure
Final Oral Exam
Trials/terms
1st terms – at the end of the unit
2nd term – during winter exam period (17th
week)
3th term – during summer exam period
4th term – in September
Winter
Structure and Function
 Passing units 1-5
 Attendance on classes (80 %)
 75-80 % - 5-pages research report on given topic
 <75 % - not possible to get credit !!!
Structure
 Histological slides – oral examination



1.
2.
3.
Winter credit
Summer credit
Signing for an exam on SIS
Terms/trials of Exam
Term regular (after obtaining boths
credits)
Term – 2 weeks after the 1st
Term – 2 weeks after the 2nd

Physiology
 humans-animals-plants
 technical-genaral-medical

Actuall interest: neurophysiology

Experimental approach (animals)
electrophysiological (EEG,




surgical (epinephrectomy)
pharmacological (naloxon)
exercise (ergometer)
stimulation (MCS)


…
substances)
 clinical (BP, spirometry,
hematology)
 imaging (RTG, PET, fMRI,
immunohistology)
 …
EKG, EMG)

behavioral (vF, water maze,
plantar test)

analytical (concentration of

Hippocrates (460 – 370 BC), created an intellectual and philosophical atmosphere
that laid the foundation for use of animals for experimental

Aristoteles (384-322 BC), founder of biology, his dissections demonstrated the
internal differences among animals.

Erasistratus (304-250 BC) founder of physiology, animal experiments similar to
recent experiments. Studied the cerebrum, cerebellum, nerves, and the valves of the
heart.

Galen (130-200) dissections of all kinds of animals, what he saw mistakenly applied
to the human body. left heart and the arteries contained air, the blood being
generated in the liver

Vesalius (1511-1564) founder of modern anatomy, used animals in public anatomical
demonstrations during the Renaissance


the first to implement
the scientific method
to solve biological
problems
complete fall of
Galen's system and a
revolution in
physiology

physics
chemistry
PHYSIOLOGY or medicine
literature
economic

peace







Russian physiologist
Heart, liver,
circulation,
secretion in GIT
Psychological
secretion –
contitioned reflexes




Italian patologist
Neuroanatomy
(AgNO3)
Types of Neurones
and junctions (G.
cells)
Nominated for NC 6
times, awarded with
Cajal



French physiologist
and surgeon
Transplpantation
(vessel suturing)
1912 chicken
myocardium lives for
27 years




insulin
Dog pancreas
1920 isolation of
substance
containing insulin
1st aplication to
diabetic patient



Dutch physiologist
Registration fo ECG
String galvanometry




Austrian pathologist
Blood groups ABO
1940 discovery of Rh
factor
Blood transfusion
during World War
First




English physiologist
Function of synapse
Spinal reflexes
Proprioception



Neurogram (nerves
types A, B, C)
Propagation of
action potential
Registration of
electrical changes on
nerves




English microbiologist
Discovery of
antibiotics
incidentally – bread
went to moldy, no
grow of bacterias
around
1928 publication
Milestone in medicine
Born in Prague
Studied at Medical School of the German University of
Prague
 for their discovery of the course of the catalytic
conversion of glycogen


Australian
physiologist
 Role of ionts on
membrane
 plasticity
 Action potential
 Intracellular recording
 Honorary Professor of
Third Medical Faculty
 N.P. with Hodgkin and
Huxle



American physiologists
Discovery of G-protein and its role in cell
signalization

Jiří Procháska (1749-1820) – description and
definition of reflexes and synapse


Jan Jánský (1873-1921)
Discovery of blood groups







organs of sense
muscles and nerves
the ciliary movement of the epithelium of the mucous membrane
the structure of the nerve-fibre (axis-cylinder) of the ganglia
the glands secreting gastric juice
the sympathetic nervous system
embryogenesis (discovery of the germinal spot).

Purkinje cells, Purkinje fibers



demonstrated experimentally
the role of thyroid hormones in
the metamorphosis of amphibia
discovered the protein ferritine
was successful in isolating insulin,
studied the structure of cells, etc.
he became one of the pioneers of experimental
neuroendocrinology
 the discovery of thyreotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
 demonstrating the existence and isolation of TRH before Schally
and Guillemin (who received the Nobel Prize 1977 for this
discovery)
 named amongst these zakladatel experimentální
neuroendokrinologie
