MVC CHEMISTRY 1A – Fall 2012
Course:
Instructor:
Course Website:
Meetings:
Office Hours:
CHEM 1A – General Chemistry I
Jessy M. Lemieux , M.S.; Jessy.Lemieux@rcc.edu
www.LemieuxChem.com
Lec.: MW 12:45 PM - 2:10 PM, HM 105 Lab: MW 2:20 PM - 5:30PM, SCI 261
TR 4 PM – 5 PM or by appointment.
A. TENTATIVE SCHEDULE (this syllabus may be changed at the discretion of the instructor) Revised 8/8/12
DATE
LECTURE AND READING
LABORATORY
8-27
MATTER [Chapter 1]
8-29
IONIC BONDING AND NOMENCLATURE [2.7,
2.8]
Quiz #1: Chapter 1 and Element Names
HOLIDAY
9-3
9-5
Check-In, Safety, Experiment 1: Measuring
Density of a 10% Salt Solution at Room
Temperature
Experiment 2: Effect of Concentration on Density
of a Salt Water Solution
Experiment 3: Exploding Particles
9-8
COVALENT BONDING AND NOMENCLATURE
Quiz #2: Ionic Nomenclature
LAST DAY TO DROP WITH A “W”
9-10
ELEMENTS [2.1 TO 2.6]
Experiment 4: Compounds: Ionic Bonding
9-12
Experiment 5: Compounds: Covalent Bonding
9-17
MIXTURES [2.9]
Quiz #3: Chapter 2
IONIC BONDING MODEL [9.1 TO 9.2]
9-19
COVALENT BONDING MODEL [9.3 TO 9.5] THE
9-24
SHAPES OF MOLECULES [10.1 TO 10.3]
Library Research Orientation; Bonding in
complex molecules (flavors and fragrances);
Organic Models
Experiment 7: Fun with Polymers
EXAM 1 REVIEW
9-26
BONDING APPLICATIONS TO ENVIROMENT
EXAM 1 (CHAPTER 1, 2, 9 AND 10)
10-1
STOICHIOMETRY [3.1 TO 3.3]
Experiment 8: Stoichiometry
10-3
SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY [3.4 TO 3.5]
Quiz #4: Stoichiometry
AQUEOUS IONIC REACTIONS [4.1 TO 4.4]
Experiment 9: Law of Conservation of Mass
10-10
REDOX REACTIONS [4.5 TO 4.6]
Quiz #5: Solutions and Stoichiometry
Experiment 11: Preparation of Magnetite
Experiment 12: Oxidation-Reduction Worksheet
10-15
GAS LAWS [5.1 TO 5.4]
10-17
KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY [5.5 TO 5.6]
Quiz # 6: Gas Laws
Experiment 20: Charles’ Law
Experiment 21: Pressure-Volume Relations of
Gases
Experiment 22: Molar Volume of Nitrogen
10-8
Experiment 6: The Valence Shell Electron Pair
Repulsion Theory (VSEPR)
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Experiment 10: Acid-Base Titrations
MVC
J. Lemieux
CHEM 1A
Fall 2012
DATE
LECTURE AND READING
LABORATORY
10-22
REVIEW FOR EXAM 2
EXAM 2 (CHAPTER 3, 4, AND 5)
10-24
ENERGY AND CALORIMETRY [6.1 TO 6.3]
10-29
HESS’S LAW [6.4 TO 6.6]
Quiz #7: Energy and Calorimetry
QUANTUM THEORY [7.1 TO 7.2]
Experiment 15: Calorimetry: The Enthalpy
Formation of MgO
Experiment 14: Heat Reactions
10-31
11-5
Experiment 16: Emission Spectra and Atomic
Structure
Experiment 17: Absorption Spectrophotometry
and Beer’s Law
Experiment 13: Specific Heat of a Metal
11-7
ATOMIC SPECTRA [7.3 TO 7.4]
Quiz #8: Stoichiometry
PERIODIC TABLE [8.1 TO 8.2]
11-12
HOLIDAY
11-14
Experiment 18: The Alkaline Earths and Halogens
11-16
PERIODIC TRENDS [8.3 TO 8.4]
Quiz #9: Periodic Table (8.1 to 8.2)
LAST DAY TO DROP
11-19
REVIEW FOR EXAM 3
EXAM 3 (CHAPTER 6, 7, AND 8)
11-21
BONDING THEORIES [11.1 TO 11.3]
Experiment 19: The Eight Solution Problem
11-26
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES [12.1 TO 12.3, 13.1]
Quiz #10: Bonding Theories
Experiment 25: Determination of Molar Mass By
Freezing Point Depression
11-28
LIQUIDS AND WATER [12.4 TO 12.5]
Experiment 23: Crystal Structure
12-3
SOLIDS [12.6] & SOLUTIONS [13.3 to 13.7]
Quiz # 11: Intermolecular Forces
Experiment 24: Chemistry of Aluminum
Chemistry Survivor Game: The Rules
12-5
REVIEW
Chemistry Survivor Game
12-10
12-12
B.
FINAL EXAM IN SCI 261 AT 2:20 PM
ASSIGNED HOMEWORK PROBLEMS FROM TEXTBOOK
Homework assignments will be due at 12:45 AM on the day of the exam. They should be handwritten with
all important calculation steps included. Each chapter set should be clearly labeled. I will select a small
subset of the problems to grade and assign a score based on performance on the selected questions and
based on how many questions were attempted. Remember, homework will only constitute about 10% of
your total grade while exams will be worth much more. Therefore, understanding how to complete each
problem in the homework assignments is more important than getting the points for completing it. Don’t
rush through the problems. Instead, make sure you understand each and every assigned problem. Falling
behind on homework is a disaster in any chemistry class because topics build upon one another very
quickly. Being even a week behind will make lecture very confusing for you so be sure to keep up and ask
for help right away if you need it.
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J. Lemieux
CHEM 1A
Fall 2012
Exam 1
CH 1: 5, 7, 27, 31, 33, 39, 43, 44, 48, 53, 55, 58, 61, 63, 67, 73, 77, 81, 84
CH 2: 21, 23, 44, 50, 57, 73, 75, 77, 85, 91, 97, 106, 122, 123, 132
CH 9: 7, 13, 15, 17b, 21, 25, 29, 31, 40, 46, 48, 63, 65, 67, 68, 74, 78
CH 10: 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 22, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 58, 60, 62a,c,f,j,k,l, 63a,c,f,j,k,l 64, 74, 79, 83
Exam 2
CH 3: 9, 13, 17, 19, 35, 39a, 39b, 57, 59, 60, 67, 69, 73, 77, 79, 81, 92, 100, 102, 104, 108, 110, 124, 136
CH 4: 5, 15, 19, 30, 35, 36, 50b, 58, 67, 69, 73, 75b, 80, 81, 92, 96, 102
CH 5: 9, 21b, 21c, 29, 32, 38, 40, 48, 53, 56, 59, 72, 76, 84, 88, 89, 95, 96, 103
Exam 3
CH 6: 11, 27, 29, 36, 38, 40, 42, 47, 48, 53, 58, 59, 66, 70, 71, 78, 80, 83, 85, 86, 92, 100
CH 7: 10, 14, 24, 28, 30, 32, 34, 40, 44, 50, 52, 56, 58, 65, 73, 78
CH 8: 12, 22b, 24, 26, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48c, 54, 56, 70, 76, 80, 82, 84, 89, 101
Final Exam
CH 11: 2, 6, 8, 10, 12, 22, 24, 31b,c, 33, 37, 38, 47, 50
CH 12: 3, 15, 20, 22, 27, 40, 42, 46, 48, 52, 62, 64, 66, 89b, 95b, 138
CH 13: 10, 12, 14, 26b, 37a, 40, 45, 57, 65a, 71, 76, 91, 93, 95, 99, 118
C. CLASS GENERAL INFORMATION
1. Catalog Description. CHEM 1A is an introduction to college-level chemistry with an emphasis on the
mole concept, thermochemistry, atomic and molecular structure, interactions, periodic chart, organic
chemistry, solids, liquids, and gases. This course is 5 units, with three hours of lecture and six hours of
lab each week.
2. Prerequisites. CHEM 2A or CHEM 3, and MATH 035
3. Important Dates. The following deadlines are in effect for this semester:
a) Last day to drop without a “W”:
September 8
b) Last day to drop with a “W”:
November 16
4. Course Website. I will regularly be communicating with you through the course website,
www.LemieuxChem.com. Regular access to this website is strongly advised, as announcements,
handouts, practice worksheets, scores, and other information will be posted throughout the semester.
Scores will be posted after I grade each exam and more frequently near the end of the quarter. Your
scores will be posted according to a secret number that I will give you after the first exam. Please get
in the habit of checking the course website frequently.
5. Course Objectives. After completion of the course, students should be able to:
a) Solve multi-step problems (using formulae and unit-analysis) relating to atoms and elements,
chemical bonding and molecular geometry, chemical reactions and stoichiometry, properties of
the states of matter, phase changes and solutions. Analyze the nature of chemical bonding and
reactions.
b) Collect and analyze data from chemical experiments, including graphing, calculations and
qualitative understanding of how data relates to the concept studied. Compose standard
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J. Lemieux
CHEM 1A
Fall 2012
operating procedures (SOPs) and/or papers in appropriate scientific format for these
experiments. Design experiments that minimize sources of error for concepts studied in the
course. Demonstrate laboratory safety protocols, including proper waste management.
c) Construct and manipulate equipment to secure reasonably accurate measurements.
d) Describe, analyze, apply, and assess chemical concepts of atoms and elements, chemical bonding
and molecular geometry, chemical reactions and stoichiometry, properties of the states of matter,
phase changes and solutions.
e) Describe and apply a chemical vocabulary of approximately 500 words and apply the IUPAC
system of chemical nomenclature.
6. Student Learning Outcomes.
a) Students will demonstrate an understanding of the relationships between chemical quantities by
using dimensional analysis to convert units of concentration, mass, moles, molecules, atoms or
other stoichiometric variables. In addition, students will interpret the results of dimensional
analyses to accurately predict the theoretical yields of chemical reactions and compare this to
experimentally determined yields.
b) Based on the conceptual visualization of the atomic realm utilizing the periodic table, theories of
bonding, and determinations of molecular structures, students will appraise the physical and
chemical properties of substances.
D.
REQUIRED CLASS MATERIALS
1. This Syllabus. Available from instructor and posted on the course website.
2. Textbook. Silberberg, Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change (6th Edition), 2012.
ISBN: 978-0-07-340265-9 or any other good general chemistry text. Some free texts and resources
are available on the website (listed on the left sidebar of the course website).
3. Lab Manual. Chemistry 1A Laboratory Experiments. Available on the course website.
4. Scientific Calculator. Graphics or text-memory calculators are not allowed for use during quizzes
or exams. If you bring one you will have to perform calculations without a calculator! You are
encouraged to obtain a scientific calculator with exponents and logarithms immediately. It is
important to be comfortable with the calculator that you are using, rather than to be struggling to
locate the keys for certain mathematical operations. For example, a TI-30X IIS is acceptable, and
allows for parentheses. Please make sure you bring your calculator to each lecture & lab period.
5. Goggles. Goggles must be worn in the laboratory when experiments are being performed. There will
be basic goggles available in the lab but more comfortable goggles can be found online at retailers
(such as Amazon.com or others) for $10 to $20. It is often a worthwhile investment.
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J. Lemieux
E.
CHEM 1A
Fall 2012
CLASS EXPECTATIONS AND GRADING POLICY
1. Attendance. Unexcused absences in either lecture or lab during the first week may result in being
dropped from the class. You also may be dropped from the class if you miss: a) two laboratory periods,
or b) two consecutive lecture periods or three total lecture periods. You must attend all exams,
including the final exam, in order to pass the class. There are no make-up assignments; if you miss a
class, you forfeit those points. Attendance and participation are critical aspects to success in this course.
2. Grade Basis. Your course grade will be based on your performance on: a) midterm exams, b) final exam
(comprehensive), c) quizzes, d) homework, e) laboratory, and f) extra credit assignments. Work will be
returned within a week of the assigned date, and grades will be posted on the course website after each
exam. It is your responsibility to check the posted grades and to retain all exams, quizzes, etc. until
your final course grade has been assigned. Any discrepancies between posted scores and graded
assignments must be immediately brought to the attention of your instructor. Please do not wait until
the end of the semester to point out any grading issues.
A. Midterm Examinations: (300 points possible; 26%). Four examinations will be given (at 100
points each); there are no make-up exams. Exams will cover both conceptual aspects and
calculations. The proper use of units and significant figures is required for calculations. Questions
regarding exam grading must be submitted to your instructor during the period when the exams
are returned. All exams may be photocopied before they are returned, and any request for regrade
will be compared to the original. Any change on the original paper submitted for regrade
consideration is cheating and will result in an immediate F for the course.
B. Comprehensive Final Exam: (250 points possible; 23%). The final exam for the course is
comprehensive, covering material presented during the entire semester. You must attend the final
exam in order to pass the class.
C. Lecture Quizzes: (150 points possible; 14%). Quizzes will be given throughout the semester, and
are designed to be ~ 15 min in length. Eleven quizzes will be given. Each will be worth 15 points.
Quizzes cannot be made up; however, the lowest quiz score will be dropped. Questions regarding
quiz grades must be submitted to your instructor during the period when the quizzes are returned.
D. Homework: (150 points possible; 14%). Working the homework problems represents an extremely
important component in this course. Although you will work on lots of problems during class, it is
important that you practice on your own in order to maximize your problem-solving skills. The
homework problems from the textbook are listed on p. 2-3, along with their due dates. There are
four assignments worth 30 pts each (120 points total). At the beginning of lecture on each exam
day, you will submit your hand-written work for your homework assignments. You must show all
work (i.e., for every problem) in order to receive full credit. Homework that is submitted
showing answers only (for any part of the problem set) or that is submitted late will result in
a low score for the entire assignment. An additional 30 points will be assigned for “homework”
at the end of the quarter based on your participation in class. Low attendance or poor class
citizenship will result in a low score in this section.
E. Laboratory: (250 points possible; 23%). The laboratory grade is based on 25 lab reports
(typically turned in at the end of the period, 10 pts. each) There are no make-up labs, but you can be
excused from lab once if you have a valid, documented emergency. You must earn at least 50% of
the total lab points in order to potentially receive a course grade higher than an F.
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Fall 2012
F. Extra credit: (50 points maximum). The opportunities listed here are the only possible sources
of extra credit in this course. Although completing every assignment could lead to more than 50
points, there is a set maximum of 50 points total of extra credit.
i. Supplemental Instruction (SI). As an incentive to encourage group-study, there is extra credit
available to those who participate in weekly, facilitated peer-led SI sessions. The SI schedule
will be announced during the first week of class. Attendance of each workshop is worth 2
points with a maximum of 50 points. You must be present for at least 90 min and must
actively participate in the facilitator’s activities for the day. You are encouraged to continue to
attend workshops even after you have reached the maximum extra credit. In past CHEM 1A
classes, the students who regularly attended workshops typically demonstrated a better
understanding of the material than those who did not attend.
ii. Spontaneous bonus points (variable amounts). As an incentive to attend class and participate
in the discussions, I will decide to assign bonus points for active involvement during class
challenges, bonus quizzes, and other worthy activities. You must be present (and complete the
activity) to receive bonus points.
iii. Extra Credit Assignment: (30 points maximum). Extra credit can be earned by those students
who exhibit an extra effort to expand the depth of their knowledge in the course. Read the
article "The Octet Rule and Hypervalence: Two Misunderstood Concepts," Gillespie, R. J.;
Silvi, B. Coordination Chemistry Reviews 2002, 234, 53-62. (provided on the course website)
This article will be a hard read but will give you some insight into how some of the physical
processes that we study in the course are still not fully understood and continue to be active
areas of research. After reading, write a 1.5 page paper describing your best understanding of
how the article you read differed from your textbook in its description of the octet rule and
hypervalence.
G. Summary of Points:
Exam I
Exam II
Exam III
Final Exam
Quizzes
Homework
Laboratory
TOTAL:
100
100
100
250
150
150
250
1,100
3. Letter Grades. Letter grades will be earned as follows:
A: ≥ 90%
B: 80 – 89%
C: 70 – 79%
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D: 60 – 69%
F: < 60%
MVC
J. Lemieux
*
CHEM 1A
Fall 2012
SPECIAL NOTE: You must accumulate at least 50% of the points in both lecture and lab, in order to not
receive a failing grade (F) in the course. Acquiring less than 50% of the points in either lecture or lab will
result in a course grade of F, regardless of your total percentage. In addition, your lecture average (quizzes,
exams, final exam) must be at least 65%, in order for a course grade of a C or better to be possible. Once
these thresholds are met, then your course grade is dictated by your overall percentage, as outlined
above. Please note that simply meeting the 65% threshold in lecture does not guarantee a C or better if your
overall percentage is less than 70%. I will provide frequent feedback to show your standing in the course, but
feel free to inquire at any time if you are unsure.
Please do not ask about additional extra credit to boost an undesired anticipated or final course grade; the only
available extra credit is that described in the “extra credit” section. Likewise, please do not ask me to raise a
grade because you wanted or needed a higher one. It is your responsibility as college students to keep up with
the material as we go along, to study appropriately, and to get help when you need it.
4. Other.
a) Tutoring Services: MVC offers free tutoring to students, in addition to your scheduled SI Sessions.
MVC Tutorial Services is an outstanding resource (did I mention that it’s free?!) that exists for your
use. You are also encouraged to form study groups with other students in the class, as discussing
concepts and problems often leads to a better understanding of the material. Please visit
http://www.mvc.edu/services/ts/ for more information. Also, don’t forget my office hours, as they
are scheduled for your benefit.
b) Electronic Devices: Please turn off your cell phones/pagers before coming to class; texting
during class is prohibited. All types of headphones, earbuds, Bluetooth, etc. are not permitted to
be worn during any lecture or lab period. Given the interactive nature of the lecture period,
laptop computers are probably not useful for taking notes, although tape recorders are allowed.
All cell phones and MP3 players must be put away and may not be accessible during an exam or
a quiz. Interruption of the lecture by electronic devices or failure to adhere to this policy
regarding electronic devices may result in dismissal from the class.
c) Cheating: A student found cheating in any part of the course, including in the laboratory or on
examinations will receive a zero on that assignment and may be referred to a disciplinary hearing,
expelled, or receive a failing grade for the course. Students are not allowed to leave and return
during any quiz or exam (lecture or lab); doing so potentially compromises academic integrity and
will be considered academic dishonesty. Plagiarism, which is presenting the work of others as
your own, is also cheating. Examples of plagiarism are not limited to copying text from the lab
manual, textbook, or a website; but also include work or answers from another student (e.g.,
homework, exercises, lab reports). The same penalty will be applied to all partners in incidents
involving academic dishonesty. The instructor will also report each student’s dishonest conduct to
the campus administration for disciplinary action, which could mean dismissal from the College.
YOU are responsible for understanding what constitutes cheating, as found in the Class Schedule.
If you are not sure what is allowed, please ask me.
d) Accommodations for Students with a Disability: If you require accommodation, please contact
Disabled Student Programs and Services to make your request. They are located in SCI 150. You
can call them at (951) 571-6138 Voice or (951) 571-6140 TDD.
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F.
CHEM 1A
Fall 2012
CLASS SUGGESTIONS FOR SUCCESS
This class is very demanding, and it is imperative to keep up with the material and not to fall behind! The
college estimates that 3 hours of study time should be spent each week for every one course unit;
therefore, your outside commitment to lecture material in this course should be at least 9 hours per week,
every week. If your schedule does not permit this sustained level of commitment, then be advised that it
will be difficult to pass this class. CHEM 1A is substantially more difficult than was CHEM 2A and
requires more time on your part in order to be successful. The same effort required in CHEM 2A to earn a
C will likely result in not passing CHEM 1A. Please feel free to discuss your individual situation with me
if you would like some guidance. I strongly encourage a mix of study approaches, including working
together with a study group, attending workshops, and practicing homework problems individually.
It is important to understand that you must work problems over and over again in order to develop good
problem-solving skills based on critical thinking. In other words, simply scratching the surface of the
material in this course or looking for shortcuts will not be enough to demonstrate a thorough
understanding. It will be very difficult, if not impossible, to pass this class by trying to cram at the
last minute. In addition, it is not enough just to be able to plug numbers into an equation. I will also
expect you to understand (and to be able to explain) the conceptual basis behind any calculations.
H.
LABORATORY
1. Attendance & Conduct. Punctual attendance at each laboratory period is required. If you miss more
than two lab periods, you may be automatically dropped from the course and will not pass. It is
understood that you have planned your laboratory session around other obligations (e.g., work,
family). However, should an extreme situation arise (e.g., serious illness, etc.), please contact your
instructor by email, as soon as possible.
You are expected to be on time to lab—anyone arriving more than 10 minutes late without a
legitimate reason may not be allowed to perform the experiment, and will receive a zero for the day’s
assignment. Important safety information and demonstration of procedures will take place at the
beginning of the lab period. All cell phones and pagers must be turned off for the duration of the lab
period. Texting or internet browsing during lab is prohibited, and incoming or outgoing calls or text
messages may result in dismissal from the laboratory.
2. Preparation for Lab. Being prepared for lab is essential, in order to perform the experiment
effectively and efficiently. CHEM 1A experiments are much more detailed than those in CHEM 2A,
and most of them are performed as individuals, rather than with lab partners. You are expected to read
the assigned experiment before the lab meeting. In order to evaluate your understanding of the day’s
experiment, a short pre-lab quiz may be given at the beginning of each experiment, and will be worth
25% of that lab grade (e.g., 2.5 pts out of 10). If you consistently choose not to prepare for the lab,
then it will be impossible to earn better than a “C” in the laboratory portion of the class.
3. Laboratory Experiments. In order to receive credit for a given lab experiment, you must attend lab,
wear goggles and closed-toe shoes (no sandals!), and conduct the experiment. There are no make-up
labs, so be sure to attend each session and perform each lab. Borrowing experimental data from
another student is not allowed. Lab reports are usually due at the end of the laboratory period, unless
announced otherwise by your instructor. In the event that a lab report is due at the beginning of a
lecture or lab period (e.g., long reports), anything submitted after the first 10 min of the period is
considered late, and will receive a significantly reduced score. Please be sure that you clearly
understand this policy for late assignments.
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Fall 2012
G. NOMENCLATURE
For these elements, ions, and acids, you must know their names (spelling counts), symbols/formulas, and charge(s).
In addition, you should be able to name any ionic or molecular compound consisting of these species.
For the elements, you also need to know their classification (metal, nonmetal, metalloid), phase at room
temperature, and classification/location on the periodic table. Common ionic charges are shown in parentheses.
Alkali Metals
(form +1 cations)
Li
Na
K
Rb
Cs
Fr
Alkaline Earth Metals
(form +2 cations)
Be
Mg
Ca
Sr
Ba
Ra
Transition Metals
Ag (+1)
Cd (+2)
Zn (+2)
Ni (+2)
Cu (+1, +2)
Hg (+1, +2): Hg22+; Hg2+
Au (+1, +3)
Co (+2, +3)
Fe (+2, +3)
Pt (+2, +4)
V (+2, +3, +5)
Cr (+2, +3, +6)
Mn (+2, +3, +4, +7)
Other Metals
U
Pu
Np
Ce
Cf
Al (+3)
Ga(+3)
In (+3)
Sn (+2, +4)
Pb (+2, +4)
Metalloids
B
Si
Ge
As
Sb
Te
Po
Polyatomic Ions
NH4+
H3O+
Noble Gases (Nonmetals)
He
Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe
Rn
Halogens (Nonmetals)
(form –1 anions)
F*
Cl*
Br*
I*
At
ammonium
hydronium
Other Nonmetals
C
CH3COO–
(or C2H3O2–)
CN–
OH–
MnO4–
SCN–
NO2–
NO3–
HSO3–
HCO3–
HSO4–
H2PO4–
acetate
H (+1)*
O (–2)*
S (–2)
Se (–2)
N (–3)*
P (–3)
ClO4–, BrO4–, IO4–
ClO3–, BrO3–, IO3–
ClO2–, BrO2–, IO2–
ClO–, BrO–, IO–
per-root-ate (root=chlor, brom, iod)
root-ate
(root=chlor, brom, iod)
root-ite
(root=chlor, brom, iod)
hypo-root-ite (root=chlor, brom, iod)
O22–
CO32–
C2O42–
CrO42–
Cr2O72–
SO42–
SO32–
S2O32–
HPO42–
peroxide
carbonate
oxalate
chromate
dichromate
sulfate
sulfite
thiosulfate
monohydrogen phosphate
PO43–
phosphate
cyanide
hydroxide
permanganate
thiocyanate
nitrite
nitrate
hydrogen sulfite (bisulfite)
hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)
hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate)
dihydrogen phosphate
Acids
HCl
HBr
HI
†
HF
HNO3
HClO4
H2SO4
†
H2CO3
†
H2SO3
†
H3PO4
HC2H3O2 (CH3COOH)
*elemental diatomic: H2, N2, F2, O2, I2, Cl2, Br2 (Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beer)
†
weak acids
Some metals can take on more than one charge – you need to know these. But keep in mind that you can always figure out
what the charge of the metal is in a particular compound.
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