GUIDED BY
Mrs.C.D.Anuradha
PRESENTED BY
P.R.Parthiban
R.Rajasekar
J.Krishna moorthy
D.Sathishkumar
P.Rajesh
CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
• The important chemical industries:
•
Petroleum industries
•
Soap industries
•
Match industries
•
Fertilizers industries
•
Composition of L.P.G
PETROLEUM INDUSTRIES
Petroleum is a dark coloured oily liquid with a characteristic odour .It is a
mixture of hydrocarbons formed by decomposition of plant and animal remains
buried inside the earth.
In India Petroleum oil wells are found in

1.Ankles war and Kalol in Gujarat.

2.Rudrasagar and Lakwa in Assam.

3.Mumbai high
Petroleum is extracted by drilling holes in the earth’s crust and sinking pipes unt
the drill penetrates the oil bearing sands sometimes the oil rushes out through du
to the pressure exerted by natural gas inside. If the pressure of the gas diminishes
the oil is obtained by plumping. The crude oil thus obtained is then taken to
refineries.
Petroleum is separated into its constituents by the process of fractional Crude oil
consist of a mixture of various gases,liquid,solids,semisolids of
hydrocarbons,water,salt,earth particles and many useful organic compounds.
MATCH INDUSTRY
1. Preparation of match sticks:
Wooden sticks are dipped first in wax. Then they
are dipped in a paste containing antimony sulphide,
potassium chlorate and sulphur.
2. Preparation of match box sides:
The side of match box is coated with a paste
containing red phosphorous, powdered glass and glue.
When the match stick is rubbed against the
sides of the match box red phosphorous is ignited, a tiny
spark is produced. It ignites antimony sulphide, sulphur
and the match stick.
FERTILISER INDUSTRY
• Fertilizers and their types:
•
There are two types of fertilizers, natural and artificial
fertilizers.
•
The bulk of natural fertilizers comes in the form of farm yard
manure, rotten vegetables.
•
Artificial fertilizers or chemicals fertilizers are chemical
Substance which enrich the soil with essential plant nutrients nitrogen,
phosphorous and potassium (N,P,K)
•
There are three types of chemical fertilizers
•
1.Nitrogenous fertilizers (e.g. Ammonium sulphate)
•
2.Phosphatic fertilizers ( e.g. Calcium super phosphate)
•
3.Potash fertilizers (e.g. Potassium chloride)
COMPOSITION OF L.P.G
•
•
•
•
•
L.P.G or Liquefied Petroleum Gas is a gaseous
fuel.L.P.G commonly used for domestic heating
purpose.
L.P.G mainly contains butane along with small
amounts of propane,iso butane,butylenes etc.,
The liquid petroleum gas produced by Indian
Oil Corporation(IOC)is known as “Indane.”Indane
is a mixture of butane and propane.
The gases are compressed into liquid and filled in
cylinders.As the knob is opened they become
gaseous due to release in pressure.
LP gases are colourless odourless.In order to detect
gas leakages, a foul smelling substance like ethyl
mercaptan(thioalcohol) is in small quantity in LP
Gases.
PROPER DISPOSAL OF
WASTES FROM CHEMICAL
INDUSTRIES
AIR POLLUTION :
Air,water and land constitute man’s environment.The introduction of harmful
materials into the air,water and soil is environmental pollution.
It is mainly caused by smoke containing carbon particles,ashes,metallic
particles produced by burning of coal, petroleum etc.
. WATER POLLUTION :
It is caused by hazardous pollutants like
acids,bases,dyestuffs,cadmium,mercury,many salts,cyanide effluents from
electroplating process, crude oil spillages in factories etc.
SOLID POLLUTION:
It is caused as the industrial wastes gets accumulated in the
soil.salts discharged during metellurgical process carbon from coal
mines,excessive fertilisers in the soil.
PREVENTION OF POLLUTIONS
AIR POLLUTION
1.Burning solid fuels completely
2.Using smokeless fuels
3.Using tal chimneys
WATER POLLUTION
1.Recycling waste products into raw materials
2.Removing floating solids
3.By adding micro-organism eg.,bacteria
SOIL POLLUTION
1.Use of insecticids and fertilisers
2.Disposal of radioactive wastes
3.Conversion of wastes into fuels