Halliday/Resnick/Walker
Fundamentals of Physics 8th edition
Classroom Response System Questions
Chapter 19 The Kinetic Theory of Gases
Reading Quiz Questions
19.1.1. Consider the following variables: (1) mass, (2) temperature, (3)
time, (4) length, (5) pressure, (6) volume, and (7) density. Which
three variables does the book state are “all a consequence of the
motion of the atoms” within a gas?
a) 2, 4, and 7
b) 1, 5, and 6
c) 1, 3, and 4
d) 5, 6, and 7
e) 2, 5, and 6
19.1.1. Consider the following variables: (1) mass, (2) temperature, (3)
time, (4) length, (5) pressure, (6) volume, and (7) density. Which
three variables does the book state are “all a consequence of the
motion of the atoms” within a gas?
a) 2, 4, and 7
b) 1, 5, and 6
c) 1, 3, and 4
d) 5, 6, and 7
e) 2, 5, and 6
19.2.1. Which one of the following numbers is Avogadro’s number?
a) 1.602  1019 mol1
b) 6.022  1023 mol1
c) 4.186  1021 mol1
d) 9.111  1031 mol1
e) 1.6605  1027 mol1
19.2.1. Which one of the following numbers is Avogadro’s number?
a) 1.602  1019 mol1
b) 6.022  1023 mol1
c) 4.186  1021 mol1
d) 9.111  1031 mol1
e) 1.6605  1027 mol1
19.2.2. Which one of the following statements concerning the mole is
false?
a) The mole is related to Avogadro's number.
b) The mole is defined in terms of the carbon-12 isotope.
c) The mole is the SI base unit for expressing the “amount” of a
substance.
d) One mole of a substance has the same mass as one mole of any
other substance.
e) One mole of a substance contains the same number of particles as
one mole of any other substance.
19.2.2. Which one of the following statements concerning the mole is
false?
a) The mole is related to Avogadro's number.
b) The mole is defined in terms of the carbon-12 isotope.
c) The mole is the SI base unit for expressing the “amount” of a
substance.
d) One mole of a substance has the same mass as one mole of any
other substance.
e) One mole of a substance contains the same number of particles as
one mole of any other substance.
19.2.3. Which of the following gives the correct order of magnitude of
the number of particles in a mole?
a) 1018
b) 1020
c) 1021
d) 1023
e) 1026
19.2.3. Which of the following gives the correct order of magnitude of
the number of particles in a mole?
a) 1018
b) 1020
c) 1021
d) 1023
e) 1026
19.3.1. Which one of the following statements concerning the volume
of gases is true?
a) Gas volume depends on temperature and pressure.
b) Gases have comparatively low densities.
c) Gas volume depends on the type of gas.
d) Gas volume is negligible.
e) Gas volume is difficult to measure.
19.3.1. Which one of the following statements concerning the volume
of gases is true?
a) Gas volume depends on temperature and pressure.
b) Gases have comparatively low densities.
c) Gas volume depends on the type of gas.
d) Gas volume is negligible.
e) Gas volume is difficult to measure.
19.3.2. The volume of a carbon dioxide bubble rising in a glass of beer
is observed to nearly double as the bubble rises from the bottom to
the top of the glass. Why does the volume nearly double?
a) The fluid pressure of the beer is greater at the bottom of the glass
than at the top.
b) The shape of the glass determines the net force exerted on the
bubble.
c) The pressure inside the bubble decreases as it rises.
d) The temperature at the bottom is cooler than it is at the top.
e) The amount of carbon dioxide in the bubble increases.
19.3.2. The volume of a carbon dioxide bubble rising in a glass of beer
is observed to nearly double as the bubble rises from the bottom to
the top of the glass. Why does the volume nearly double?
a) The fluid pressure of the beer is greater at the bottom of the glass
than at the top.
b) The shape of the glass determines the net force exerted on the
bubble.
c) The pressure inside the bubble decreases as it rises.
d) The temperature at the bottom is cooler than it is at the top.
e) The amount of carbon dioxide in the bubble increases.
19.3.3. There are n moles of an ideal gas contained in a sealed chamber at
pressure P. The volume of the container is then reduced to one half of
its initial value. In this particular process, the temperature of the gas and
n do not change. Which one of the following statements concerning the
final pressure in the container is true?
a) The final pressure will be 2P.
b) The final pressure will be 0.5P.
c) The final pressure will be 4P.
d) The final pressure will be 0.25P.
e) The pressure cannot be determined without knowing the values of n, P, T,
and the initial volume.
19.3.3. There are n moles of an ideal gas contained in a sealed chamber at
pressure P. The volume of the container is then reduced to one half of
its initial value. In this particular process, the temperature of the gas and
n do not change. Which one of the following statements concerning the
final pressure in the container is true?
a) The final pressure will be 2P.
b) The final pressure will be 0.5P.
c) The final pressure will be 4P.
d) The final pressure will be 0.25P.
e) The pressure cannot be determined without knowing the values of n, P, T,
and the initial volume.
19.3.4. There are five sealed containers, each containing the same number
of moles of an ideal gas. The pressures and volumes for the five
containers are: (1) 2  105 Pa and 0.25 m3, (2) 4  105 Pa and 1.0 m3,
(3) 1  105 Pa and 2.0 m3, (4) 6  105 Pa and 0.25 m3, and (5) 4  105
Pa and 0.50 m3, respectively. Which container is at the highest
temperature?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
e) 5
19.3.4. There are five sealed containers, each containing the same number
of moles of an ideal gas. The pressures and volumes for the five
containers are: (1) 2  105 Pa and 0.25 m3, (2) 4  105 Pa and 1.0 m3,
(3) 1  105 Pa and 2.0 m3, (4) 6  105 Pa and 0.25 m3, and (5) 4  105
Pa and 0.50 m3, respectively. Which container is at the highest
temperature?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
e) 5
19.3.5. A girl uses a pump to put air into her bicycle tire at constant
temperature. A pressure gauge on the pump indicates the pressure inside
the tire is increasing each time she pumps. What is the cause of this
pressure increase?
a) The air molecules repel each other more as more molecules are added and
push outward.
b) The volume of the tire is constant.
c) The pressure increases to keep the temperature constant.
d) The pressure increasing because more air molecules are striking the walls
of the tire.
e) The pressure increases because the air molecules are traveling faster.
19.3.5. A girl uses a pump to put air into her bicycle tire at constant
temperature. A pressure gauge on the pump indicates the pressure inside
the tire is increasing each time she pumps. What is the cause of this
pressure increase?
a) The air molecules repel each other more as more molecules are added and
push outward.
b) The volume of the tire is constant.
c) The pressure increases to keep the temperature constant.
d) The pressure increasing because more air molecules are striking the walls
of the tire.
e) The pressure increases because the air molecules are traveling faster.
19.3.6. A closed system contains one mole of an ideal gas. Which one
of the following statements is necessarily true if heat is added to
the system?
a) The gas must do work.
b) The gas must expand, so the volume will increase, if it can.
c) The gas must change phase, either from gas to liquid or from gas to
solid.
d) The temperature of the gas must increase.
e) The conditions of the gas when the heat is added will determine the
type of change that occurs.
19.3.6. A closed system contains one mole of an ideal gas. Which one
of the following statements is necessarily true if heat is added to
the system?
a) The gas must do work.
b) The gas must expand, so the volume will increase, if it can.
c) The gas must change phase, either from gas to liquid or from gas to
solid.
d) The temperature of the gas must increase.
e) The conditions of the gas when the heat is added will determine the
type of change that occurs.
19.3.7. Complete the following statement: In a constant volume
process, the work done is
a) equal to zero joules.
b) proportional to the pressure.
c) proportional to the temperature.
d) proportional to the volume.
e) proportional to the energy transferred.
19.3.7. Complete the following statement: In a constant volume
process, the work done is
a) equal to zero joules.
b) proportional to the pressure.
c) proportional to the temperature.
d) proportional to the volume.
e) proportional to the energy transferred.
19.3.8. Complete the following statement: The area enclosed on a PV
diagram for a given system is
a) a constant value.
b) equal to the heat flow into or out of the system.
c) equal to the temperature change of the system.
d) always equal to zero joules.
e) equal to the amount of work done on or by the system.
19.3.8. Complete the following statement: The area enclosed on a PV
diagram for a given system is
a) a constant value.
b) equal to the heat flow into or out of the system.
c) equal to the temperature change of the system.
d) always equal to zero joules.
e) equal to the amount of work done on or by the system.
19.3.9. Consider the following conditions: (1) low temperature, (2)
low density, (3) temperature near the freezing temperature, (4)
temperature above the condensation temperature, and (5) high
density. Under which of these conditions does a real gas behave as
an ideal gas?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 and 5 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 2 and 4 only
e) A real gas can never behave as an ideal gas.
19.3.9. Consider the following conditions: (1) low temperature, (2)
low density, (3) temperature near the freezing temperature, (4)
temperature above the condensation temperature, and (5) high
density. Under which of these conditions does a real gas behave as
an ideal gas?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 and 5 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 2 and 4 only
e) A real gas can never behave as an ideal gas.
19.3.10. Why does the temperature of an ideal gas increase when the volume
of the gas decreases?
a) Compressing the volume does work on the gas, so its temperature must
increase.
b) Compressing the volume forces heat into the gas, so its temperature must
increase.
c) The temperature cannot change under this circumstance.
d) The pressure must increase to compensate for the decreased volume.
e) Since the number of moles contained within the system is constant, there
will be a greater number of collisions as the volume decreases.
19.3.10. Why does the temperature of an ideal gas increase when the volume
of the gas decreases?
a) Compressing the volume does work on the gas, so its temperature must
increase.
b) Compressing the volume forces heat into the gas, so its temperature must
increase.
c) The temperature cannot change under this circumstance.
d) The pressure must increase to compensate for the decreased volume.
e) Since the number of moles contained within the system is constant, there
will be a greater number of collisions as the volume decreases.
19.4.1. Which one of the following factors is directly responsible for
the pressure exerted by a confined gas?
a) collisions of gas molecules with the sides of the containing vessel
b) atomic mass of the gas
c) density of the gas
d) temperature of the gas
e) average translational kinetic energy of the molecules
19.4.1. Which one of the following factors is directly responsible for
the pressure exerted by a confined gas?
a) collisions of gas molecules with the sides of the containing vessel
b) atomic mass of the gas
c) density of the gas
d) temperature of the gas
e) average translational kinetic energy of the molecules
19.4.2. What is the meaning of the acronym rms?
a) the gas constant R, the mass m, and the speed s
b) root-mean-square
c) rigid-massless-system
d) the names of the discovers of the law: Richards, Maxwell, and
Simpson
e) It is derived from the Latin terms for constant pressure and volume.
19.4.2. What is the meaning of the acronym rms?
a) the gas constant R, the mass m, and the speed s
b) root-mean-square
c) rigid-massless-system
d) the names of the discovers of the law: Richards, Maxwell, and
Simpson
e) It is derived from the Latin terms for constant pressure and volume.
19.5.1. The absolute temperature of an ideal gas is directly
proportional to which one of the following quantities?
a) the number of molecules in the sample
b) the average translational kinetic energy of the gas
c) the relative increase in volume of the gas for a temperature increase
of 1 C°
d) the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of the gas by 1
C°
e) the average momentum of a molecule of the gas
19.5.1. The absolute temperature of an ideal gas is directly
proportional to which one of the following quantities?
a) the number of molecules in the sample
b) the average translational kinetic energy of the gas
c) the relative increase in volume of the gas for a temperature increase
of 1 C°
d) the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of the gas by 1
C°
e) the average momentum of a molecule of the gas
19.5.2. Which one of the following statements concerning a collection
of gas molecules at a certain temperature is true?
a) All molecules possess the same momentum.
b) All molecules move with the same velocity.
c) If the temperature is increased, the average molecular speed
decreases.
d) The molecules have a range of kinetic energies.
e) Most of the molecules have the same kinetic energy.
19.5.2. Which one of the following statements concerning a collection
of gas molecules at a certain temperature is true?
a) All molecules possess the same momentum.
b) All molecules move with the same velocity.
c) If the temperature is increased, the average molecular speed
decreases.
d) The molecules have a range of kinetic energies.
e) Most of the molecules have the same kinetic energy.
19.6.1. Which of the following statements provides the best definition
for the term mean free path?
a) The mean free path is the average distance between collisions.
b) The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels
within a given time interval.
c) The mean free path is the path a molecule follows within a gas.
d) The mean free path is the trajectory a molecule follows after a
collision.
e) The mean free path is the average molecular speed within an ideal
gas.
19.6.1. Which of the following statements provides the best definition
for the term mean free path?
a) The mean free path is the average distance between collisions.
b) The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels
within a given time interval.
c) The mean free path is the path a molecule follows within a gas.
d) The mean free path is the trajectory a molecule follows after a
collision.
e) The mean free path is the average molecular speed within an ideal
gas.
19.7.1. A container is filled with a large number of gas molecules at a
constant temperature. The distribution (or range) of the speeds of
those molecules was determined by which one of the following
scientists?
a) Charles
b) Boyle
c) Avogadro
d) Maxwell
e) Einstein
19.7.1. A container is filled with a large number of gas molecules at a
constant temperature. The distribution (or range) of the speeds of
those molecules was determined by which one of the following
scientists?
a) Charles
b) Boyle
c) Avogadro
d) Maxwell
e) Einstein
19.8.1. Complete the following statement: The internal energy of an
ideal monatomic gas is
a) dependent on both the pressure and the temperature of the gas.
b) independent of the number of moles of the gas.
c) proportional to the Kelvin temperature of the gas.
d) a constant that is independent of pressure, volume or temperature.
e) proportional to the pressure and inversely proportional to the
volume of the gas.
19.8.1. Complete the following statement: The internal energy of an
ideal monatomic gas is
a) dependent on both the pressure and the temperature of the gas.
b) independent of the number of moles of the gas.
c) proportional to the Kelvin temperature of the gas.
d) a constant that is independent of pressure, volume or temperature.
e) proportional to the pressure and inversely proportional to the
volume of the gas.
19.8.2. An ideal gas slowly expands isothermally. Which one of the following
statements concerning this situation is true?
a) The internal energy of the gas is equal to the amount of heat absorbed by the
system.
b) The work done by the gas is equal to the amount of heat absorbed by the
system.
c) The work done on the gas is equal to the amount of heat absorbed by the
system.
d) The internal energy of the gas increases by the amount of heat absorbed by
the system.
e) The work done on the gas is equal to the increase in the internal energy of the
system.
19.8.2. An ideal gas slowly expands isothermally. Which one of the following
statements concerning this situation is true?
a) The internal energy of the gas is equal to the amount of heat absorbed by the
system.
b) The work done by the gas is equal to the amount of heat absorbed by the
system.
c) The work done on the gas is equal to the amount of heat absorbed by the
system.
d) The internal energy of the gas increases by the amount of heat absorbed by
the system.
e) The work done on the gas is equal to the increase in the internal energy of the
system.
19.8.3. The specific heat capacity at constant volume of an ideal gas
depends on which of the following parameters?
a) volume
b) temperature
c) pressure
d) number of moles of gas
e) mass of the molecules
19.8.3. The specific heat capacity at constant volume of an ideal gas
depends on which of the following parameters?
a) volume
b) temperature
c) pressure
d) number of moles of gas
e) mass of the molecules
19.8.4. Which one of the following statements is true concerning the
ratio of the molar heat capacities CP/CV for an ideal gas?
a) The ratio is sometimes less than or equal to 1.
b) The ratio is sometimes greater than 1.
c) The ratio is always equal to 1.
d) The ratio is always less that 1.
e) The ratio is always greater than 1.
19.8.4. Which one of the following statements is true concerning the
ratio of the molar heat capacities CP/CV for an ideal gas?
a) The ratio is sometimes less than or equal to 1.
b) The ratio is sometimes greater than 1.
c) The ratio is always equal to 1.
d) The ratio is always less that 1.
e) The ratio is always greater than 1.
19.8.5. Which of the following choices gives the molar specific heat at
constant volume CV for an ideal monatomic gas in terms of the
universal gas constant R?
a) 5R/3
b) 5R/2
c) 3R/5
d) 3R/2
e) 7R/3
19.8.5. Which of the following choices gives the molar specific heat at
constant volume CV for an ideal monatomic gas in terms of the
universal gas constant R?
a) 5R/3
b) 5R/2
c) 3R/5
d) 3R/2
e) 7R/3
19.8.6. Which of the following choices gives the molar specific heat at
constant pressure CP for an ideal monatomic gas in terms of the
universal gas constant R?
a) 5R/3
b) 5R/2
c) 3R/5
d) 3R/2
e) 7R/3
19.8.6. Which of the following choices gives the molar specific heat at
constant pressure CP for an ideal monatomic gas in terms of the
universal gas constant R?
a) 5R/3
b) 5R/2
c) 3R/5
d) 3R/2
e) 7R/3
19.8.7. On which of the following parameters does the heat contained
within an ideal gas depend?
a) temperature
b) mean free path
c) pressure
d) volume
e) Gases do not have heat.
19.8.7. On which of the following parameters does the heat contained
within an ideal gas depend?
a) temperature
b) mean free path
c) pressure
d) volume
e) Gases do not have heat.
19.8.8. On which of the following parameters does the internal energy
within an ideal gas depend?
a) temperature
b) mean free path
c) pressure
d) volume
e) Gases do not have heat.
19.8.8. On which of the following parameters does the internal energy
within an ideal gas depend?
a) temperature
b) mean free path
c) pressure
d) volume
e) Gases do not have heat.
19.9.1. Complete the following statement: On average, a molecule can
store an energy of per molecule for each
a) atom in the molecule.
b) degree of freedom.
c) collision that occurs per unit time.
d) mole contained within the system.
e) free electron in the system.
19.9.1. Complete the following statement: On average, a molecule can
store an energy of per molecule for each
a) atom in the molecule.
b) degree of freedom.
c) collision that occurs per unit time.
d) mole contained within the system.
e) free electron in the system.
19.11.1. An ideal gas slowly expands adiabatically. Which one of the
following statements concerning this situation is true?
a) Work is done on the gas.
b) The temperature of the system remains constant.
c) The pressure of the system remains constant.
d) Heat is neither added nor removed from the system.
e) The density of the gas remains constant.
19.11.1. An ideal gas slowly expands adiabatically. Which one of the
following statements concerning this situation is true?
a) Work is done on the gas.
b) The temperature of the system remains constant.
c) The pressure of the system remains constant.
d) Heat is neither added nor removed from the system.
e) The density of the gas remains constant.
19.11.2. Which of the following processes requires the largest amount
of work to be done on a system containing an ideal gas if the
volume of the system is reduced to one-half of its initial value?
a) constant pressure
b) isothermal
c) adiabatic
d) isothermal and constant pressure require the same amount of work
e) isothermal and adiabatic require the same amount of work
19.11.2. Which of the following processes requires the largest amount
of work to be done on a system containing an ideal gas if the
volume of the system is reduced to one-half of its initial value?
a) constant pressure
b) isothermal
c) adiabatic
d) isothermal and constant pressure require the same amount of work
e) isothermal and adiabatic require the same amount of work
19.11.3. Complete the following statement: During an adiabatic
process involving an ideal gas,
a) no work is done by the gas.
b) no heat flow occurs.
c) no volume change occurs.
d) no pressure change occurs.
e) no temperature change occurs.
19.11.3. Complete the following statement: During an adiabatic
process involving an ideal gas,
a) no work is done by the gas.
b) no heat flow occurs.
c) no volume change occurs.
d) no pressure change occurs.
e) no temperature change occurs.
19.11.4. An isochoric process occurs when which of the following
parameters is constant during the process?
a) volume
b) pressure
c) temperature
d) work
e) heat
19.11.4. An isochoric process occurs when which of the following
parameters is constant during the process?
a) volume
b) pressure
c) temperature
d) work
e) heat
19.11.5. An isobaric process occurs when which of the following
parameters is constant during the process?
a) volume
b) pressure
c) temperature
d) work
e) heat
19.11.5. An isobaric process occurs when which of the following
parameters is constant during the process?
a) volume
b) pressure
c) temperature
d) work
e) heat