HAZARD COMMUNICATION
OSHA TRAINING
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200
WELCOME
COURSE OBJECTIVES
 Introduce 29 CFR 1910.1200, The Hazcom Standard
 Discuss Methods and Observations Used to Detect Chemicals
 Discuss the Local Hazcom Written Policy
 Discuss the Physical and Health Hazards of Chemicals
 Discuss Employee Protective Measures
 Discuss Chemical Warning Labels
 Explain the Use of the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
 Introduce the Basic Rules for Safe Chemical Use
REGULATORY STANDARD
HAZARD COMMUNICATION
29CFR - 1910 - 1200
29CFR - SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS
1910 - GENERAL INDUSTRY
1200 - HAZCOM STANDARD
REGULATORY STANDARD
29CFR 1910.1200
 TITLE - HAZARD COMMUNICATION
 MAY 23, 1988 - FINAL RULE TOOK EFFECT
TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
THE EMPLOYER MUST:







Maintain a Hazcom Training Program.
Discuss Employee Protective Measures.
Review the Program on an Annual Basis.
Discuss Labeling Requirements of Containers.
Discuss the Use of Material Safety Data Sheets.
Train All Employees In Contact With Chemicals.
Discuss Trade Secrets and How to Obtain Needed Information.
RETRAINING REQUIREMENTS
REQUIRED WHEN THERE IS A:
 Close Call Event Involving Chemicals.
 Failure in the Hazcom Procedures.
 Reason to Doubt Employee Proficiency.
CHEMICAL
SAFETY
GENERAL PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS
ALL EMPLOYERS MUST:
 Provide Hazcom Training to All Required Employees.
 Not Purchase Materials Without an Adequate MSDS.
 Request Suppliers Provide All Ingredients With Identifiable
Chemical Names and Percentage Composition.
 Provide an MSDS Requested by Any Employee.
 Provide Complete Hazard Information to Any Employee.
 Requesting Additional Information Not Listed on an MSDS.
WRITTEN PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS
ALL EMPLOYERS MUST:
 Maintain a Written Program.
 Review the Program on an Annual Basis.
 Make the Written Program Available to All Employees During
Each Work Shift.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT FORMS
COMMONLY USED PROGRAM MANAGEMENT FORMS
 Non-Routine Task - Protective Measures Determination Form:
Used by Supervisors to Assess Jobs That Are Not Performed on
a Routine Basis, but Where the Possibility of Injury to an
Employee Exists.
FORMS
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT FORMS
COMMONLY USED PROGRAM MANAGEMENT FORMS
 Request for Copy of MSDS Form:
Used by Employees to Formally Request a Copy of A Specific
Material Safety Data Sheet.
MSDS
REQUEST
CHEMICAL INVENTORY LISTING
ALL EMPLOYERS MUST:
 Maintain a Current List of Chemicals, Including Specific Uses.
 Make the List Available to All Employees.
 Make the List Available During Each Work Shift.
CHEMICAL
INVENTORY
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS
VARIOUS SECTIONS OF THE MSDS (TYPICAL FORMAT)
SECTION
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
CONTENTS
Product Identity
Hazardous Ingredients
Physical/Chemical Characteristics
Fire/Explosion/Physical Hazard Data
Reactivity Data
Health Hazards Data
Precautions for Safe Handling and Use
Control Measures/Protection Information
Additional Information/Special Precautions
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS
TRADE SECRETS:
Information Withheld From a MSDS Must Be
Provided During an Emergency or at The Request
of a Physician. The User of The Information Must
Agree to Keep The Information Confidential. The
Chemical
Manufacturer
Must
Provide
the
Information Immediately Upon Request During
Emergencies.
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS
LOCAL USE MSDS’s:
Let’s Discuss Some of the Material Safety Data
Sheets Currently Used at This Facility.
SITE SPECIFIC
CHEMICALS AND MATERIALS
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS:
 Follow Local Job Procedures.
 Review the Relative Material Safety Data Sheet.
 If You Have Questions Consult Your Supervisor.
LABELING REQUIREMENTS
 All Employers Must Maintain a Labeling Program.
 Review the Program on an Annual Basis.
 Train All Employees Whose Job Brings Them Into
Contact With Chemicals in the Use of Labels.
 All Labels Will Use the Same Name As It Appears On
The MSDS.
LABELING REQUIREMENTS
 All Chemical Containers Will Be Labeled.
Unless The
Container Is a Portable Container in the Control of A Specific
Person for Their Immediate Use.
 No Container That Resembles a Drinking Glass, Cup, Or
Other Type of Container Used for Consumption Will Be Used
For Chemical Storage or Containment.
 The Employer Must Provide Sufficient Labels for Labeling.
HAZARD RATING SYSTEMS
TWO SYSTEMS
 NFPA - NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION
 HMIS - NATIONAL PAINT AND COATINGS ASSOCIATION
- HAZARDOUS MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
HAZARD RATING SYSTEMS
FOUR HAZARD PARAMETERS




HEALTH
FLAMMABILITY
REACTIVITY
SPECIFIC HAZARD (NFPA)
HAZARD RATING SYSTEMS
FIVE HAZARD LEVELS
HMIS
4 SEVERE
3 SERIOUS
2 MODERATE
1 SLIGHT
0 MINIMAL
NFPA
4 EXTREME
3 HIGH
2 MODERATE
1 SLIGHT
0 INSIGNIFICANT
HOMEMADE LABEL
SAMPLE “HOMEMADE” LABEL FOR A SINGLE CHEMICAL (NON-MIXTURE)
CHEMICAL NAME (SEE MSDS)
DOT HAZARD CLASS
USE OF CHEMICAL
PPE REQUIRED
CHECK ALL THAT APPLY
 FLAMMABLE
 TOXIC
 IRRITANT
 CORROSIVE
 WATER REACTIVE
 OXIDIZER
NAME
EMERGENCY PHONE
___________ __________________
ADDRESS: ________________________________________________
HMIS LABEL
FIVE HMIS HAZARD LEVELS
 - 4 SEVERE
 - 3 SERIOUS
 - 2 MODERATE
 - 1 SLIGHT
 - 0 MINIMAL
HEALTH
FLAMMABILITY
REACTIVITY
PERSONAL PROTECTION
NFPA LABEL
FIRE HAZARD
FIVE NFPA HAZARD LEVELS
 - 4 EXTREME
 - 3 HIGH
 - 2 MODERATE
 - 1 SLIGHT
 - 0 INSIGNIFICANT
2
HEALTH HAZARD
REACTIVITY
4
1
W
SPECIFIC HAZARD
(WATER REACTIVE)
NON-ROUTINE TASKS
 Definition: A Task That Is Required Only on Occasion And Where
Employees Are Not Completely Familiar With All Aspects of the
Job.
 Problem: This Lack of Familiarity Contributes Greatly to a Higher
Probability of Injury.
 Example: The Annual (or Infrequent) Cleaning of Reactor Vessels
in Processes.
 Supervisors Must: Identify Nonroutine Tasks and Assess Their
Degree of Risk to Employees.
CONTRACTOR SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
OUTSIDE CONTRACTORS MUST:
 Inform Representatives of the Facility of The Types of
Chemicals That They Will Be Using And Be Prepared to
Provide MSDSs Upon Request.
FACILITY OR EMPLOYER REPRESENTATIVES MUST:
 Inform the Contractor of Chemicals Used in the Area Where
Contractor Personnel Will Be Work And Be Prepared to
Provide MSDSs Upon Request.
TIPS FOR USING CONTRACTORS
 Remember, You Control Your Facility or Area!
 Review Their Procedures With Them Before Starting the Job!
 Determine Their Safety Performance Record!
 Determine Who Is in Charge of Their People!
 Determine How They Will Affect Your Employees!
GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY
EVERYTHING IS TOXIC;
IT ALL DEPENDS ON THE DOSE
How Well the Body Accepts a Substance Depends on:




The Type of Substance.
The Amount (Dose) Absorbed.
The Period of Time Over Which It Is Absorbed.
The Susceptibility/Sensitivity of the Person Exposed.
GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY
ROUTES OF ENTRY
 INHALATION
 INGESTION
 ABSORPTION
 INJECTION
GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY
ROUTES OF ENTRY
 Inhalation
-- A Dose Absorbed Through the Lungs Into the Bloodstream
 Absorption
-- A Dose That Is Absorbed Through the Skin or Eyes
GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY
ROUTES OF ENTRY
 Ingestion
-- A Dose That Is Absorbed Through the Gastro-Intestinal
Tract From Eating, Drinking or Smoking
 Injection
-- A Dose That Is Absorbed Via Broken Glass, Spray Guns,
Needles, Compressed Air, Knives Etc.
GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY
EXPOSURE TERMINOLOGY
 Local Effect. Damage to Body Parts That Actually Contact The
Harmful Substance (Acid on a Hand).
 Systemic Effect. Damage to an Area of the Body After The Substance
Is Absorbed (Liver Damage).
 Individual Susceptibility. Some People Are Naturally Sensitive or Can
Develop Sensitivity to a Substance.
 Dose. Combination of Concentration and Length of Bodily Exposure
to a Specific Material.
GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY
EXPOSURE TERMINOLOGY
 Acute Exposure:
Usually Minutes, Hours or Several Days.
 Chronic Exposure:
Regular Exposure Over Months, Years, or a Lifetime.
GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY
EXPOSURE TERMINOLOGY
Hazardous Material. A Material That Falls Into One or More Of the
Following Categories.
 Ignitability
Is Flammable or Combustible.
 Reactivity
Can React With Itself or Other Materials.
 Corrosivity
Can Deteriorate Another Substance.
 Toxicity
In Its Normal State Is Harmful to Living Things.
GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY
EXPOSURE LIMITS
SOURCES INCLUDE:
 American Conference of Gov. Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA
 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH
GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY
EXPOSURE LIMITS
 American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists:
 Threshold Limit Values (TLV).
(Respiratory)
 Biological Exposure Indices (BEI).
(Dermal)
 8 Hour Time Weighted Averages (TWA).
- How Much a Worker Can Be Exposed to in an 8 Hr. Shift.
 Published by ACGIH Annually, Provides Exposure Levels.
 Legally Enforceable.
GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY
EXPOSURE LIMITS
 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA):




Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL’s)
Found in 29 CFR 1910.1000 (The “Z” Tables)
Establishes OSHA’s Exposure Levels
Legally Enforceable
GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY
EXPOSURE LIMITS
 National Institute for Occupational Safety And Health (NIOSH):
 Recommended Exposure Limits (REL’s)
 Used to Develop New OSHA Standards
 Found in: “NIOSH Recommendations for Occupational
Health Standards”
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
AIR CONTAMINANTS
 Gases. Generally Used in a Compressed Form. Can Effect All
Routes of Entry.
 Vapors. Formed by Evaporation of Liquids or Solids. Amount
Usually Depends Upon Exposed Surface Area, Temperature,
and Vapor Pressure Of Substance. Can Be Deadly.
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
AIR CONTAMINANTS
 Fumes. Usually Metallic and Formed by Welding, Cutting, or
Brazing Operations. Extremely Hazardous to Inhale.
 Particulates. Composed of Solid or Liquid Particles That
Are Suspended or Dispersed in Air. Such As Dust, Mists, or
Smokes. Can Be Explosive And Hazardous to Breath.
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
ACIDS AND BASES
- Ph. The pH of a Liquid Is the Numerical Measure Of Its
Relative Acidity or Alkalinity. The Range Is From 0 - 14 With a
Neutral Level Expressed As A pH of 7.0.
 Above 7.0
The Liquid Is More Alkaline or Basic.
 Below 7.0
The Liquid Is More Acidic.
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
ACID
ACIDS AND BASES
BASE
Common Acids (pH 0-6)
Common Bases (pH 8-14)










Hydrochloric Acid
Hydrofluoric Acid
Nitric Acid
Phosphoric Acid
Chromic Acid
Sodium Hydroxide (Lye)
Sodium Hypochlorite (Bleach)
Aqueous Ammonia
Potassium Hydroxide (Potash)
Ammonium Hydroxide
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
CHECK FOR COMPATIBILITY WITH EACH OTHER!
LOW pH
ACID
BASE
HIGH pH
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
CHECK FOR COMPATIBILITY WITH YOU!
ACID
BASE
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
ACIDS and BASES - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS








If You’re Not Familiar With the Chemical, Find Out!
Read the Material Safety Data Sheet!
Read the Labels on Containers.
Observe Written Warnings!
Don’t Eat, Drink, or Smoke Around Chemicals.
Change Your Cloths! Don’T Take It Home!
Ensure Work Area Is Ventilated.
Wear Appropriate Protective Equipment.
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
ACIDS and BASES - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS






Wear Appropriate Protective Equipment.
Clean up Small Spills to Prevent Being Mistaken For Water.
For Large Spills, Contact Safety Officer.
Store Acids From Bases to Prevent Reactions.
Know the Reactions That Can Occur From Other Materials.
Always Add Acid to Water, Never Water to Acid!
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
CLASSES OF SOLVENTS
ORGANIC (CARBON BEARING) SOLVENTS:
 Organic Solvents Contain Carbon.
 Organic Solvents Include: Acetone, Gasoline, Stoddard
Solvent, and Trichloroethylene.
 Drastic Effects on the Central Nervous System Can Occur If
Proper Ventilation Is Not Used.
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
CLASSES OF SOLVENTS
AQUEOUS (WATER BEARING) SOLVENTS:




Aqueous Solvents Contain Water.
Solutions of Acids, Alkalis Are Classed As Aqueous Solvents.
Engineering Controls Are Usually Required.
Respiratory Protection Is Needed Where Vapors Cannot Be
Adequately Controlled With Engineering Controls.
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
ROUTES OF ENTRY FOR SOLVENTS
INHALATION:





Most Common Route of Entry.
Causes Headache, Dizziness, Confusion, And Drowsiness.
Odor Intensity is Usually Not a Good Determination Of Toxicity.
Odors - More Could Mean Less, Less Could Mean More.
Different Solvents Seek Different Target Organs In the Body.
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
ROUTES OF ENTRY FOR SOLVENTS
INGESTION:




Eating, Drinking, or Smoking Without Washing Hands First.
Eating, Drinking, or Smoking Contaminated Consumables.
Can Cause Severe Irritation of Gastro-Intestinal Tract.
Easily Penetrates Mucous Membranes to Enter The Blood
Stream.
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
ROUTES OF ENTRY FOR SOLVENTS
ABSORPTION:





Prevent Skin Contact, Wear Gloves, Aprons, Etc.
Can Occur Through Unbroken Skin or Mucous Membranes.
Any Absorption Generally Will Cause Irritation Of Skin.
Flush Skin for at Least Fifteen Minutes, Seek Medical Help.
Never Wash Exposed Skin With Any Solvent.
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
ROUTES OF ENTRY FOR SOLVENTS
INJECTION:




Usually Caused by Puncture Wounds.
Compressed Air Can Also Cause Injection of Solvents.
Rapid Introduction of Solvents Into Bloodstream.
May Inject Other Debris in Wound Causing Concern.
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
SOLVENTS - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
 IF YOU’RE NOT FAMILIAR WITH THE SOLVENT, FIND OUT!
 READ THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET!
 READ THE LABELS ON CONTAINERS.
 OBSERVE WRITTEN WARNINGS!
 DON’T EAT, DRINK, OR SMOKE AROUND SOLVENTS.
 CHANGE YOUR CLOTHS! DON’T TAKE IT HOME!
 ENSURE WORK AREA IS WELL VENTILATED.
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
SOLVENTS - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS (CONTINUED)
 WEAR APPROPRIATE PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.
 USE A BARRIER CREAM, IF YOU’RE SOLVENT SENSITIVE.
 SPILLS MUST BE CONTAINED, IMMEDIATELY!
 FOR LARGE SPILLS, CONTACT SAFETY OFFICER.
 KNOW THE REACTIONS THAT CAN OCCUR.
 NEVER DISCOUNT ANY ROUTE-OF-ENTRY!
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
ROUTES OF ENTRY FOR METALS
INHALATION:
 Most Common Route of Entry.
 Smaller Particulates Are Trapped in Lungs And Absorbed.
INGESTION:
 Eating, Drinking, or Smoking Without Washing Hands First.
 Eating, Drinking, or Smoking Contaminated Consumables.
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
ROUTES OF ENTRY FOR METALS
ABSORPTION:
 Can Occur Through Unbroken Skin or Mucous Membranes.
 Absorption Generally Least Hazardous Route Of Entry.
INJECTION:
 Usually Caused by Puncture Wounds Involving Metals.
 Compressed Air Can Also Cause Injection of Metals.
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
SPECIFIC METALS
METAL PARTICULATES:




Come From Sand Blasting, Deburring, and Like Operations.
Metals Can Take the Form of Airborne Dusts.
Engineering Controls Are Usually Required.
Respiratory Protection Is Needed Where Dusts Cannot Be
Adequately Controlled With Engineering Controls.
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
SPECIFIC METALS
FUMES:
 Fumes Are Made up of Very Tiny Solid Metal Particles.
 Particles Are the Condensates of Vaporized Metal.
 Effects on the Human Body Can Be Disastrous If Proper
Ventilation Is Not Used.
 Think of the Different Types of Metals and Bonding Materials
Used Used in a Welding Operation.
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
SPECIFIC METALS
CADMIUM:





Highly Toxic, Inhalation Most Common Route of Entry.
Smaller Particulates Are Trapped in Lungs And Absorbed.
Dangerous Doses Can Be Asymptomatic for Hours.
Known Human Carcinogen.
Target Organs Include, Kidneys, Respiratory System.
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
SPECIFIC METALS
COPPER AND ZINC:
 Highly Toxic, Inhalation Most Common Route of Entry.
 Can Cause “Metal Fume Fever” Resulting In (Severe Flu-Like
Symptoms).
 Target Organs Include, Kidneys, Respiratory System.
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
SPECIFIC METALS
NICKEL:
 Can Be Absorbed Through Skin, or Lungs.
 Absorption Generally Least Hazardous Route of Entry.
 Target Organs Include; CNS, Respiratory System.
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
METALS - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
 IF YOU’RE NOT FAMILIAR WITH THE METAL, FIND OUT!
 READ THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET!
 READ THE LABELS ON CONTAINERS.
 OBSERVE WRITTEN WARNINGS!
 DON’T EAT, DRINK, OR SMOKE AROUND METAL DUSTS.
 CHANGE YOUR CLOTHS! DON’T TAKE IT HOME!
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
METALS - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS (CONTINUED)
 ENSURE WORK AREA IS VENTILATED.
 WEAR APPROPRIATE PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.
 SPILLS OF METALS MUST BE CONTAINED, NOT RAISED!
 FOR LARGE SPILLS, CONTACT SAFETY OFFICER.
 STORE ACIDS FROM BASES TO PREVENT REACTIONS.
 MAGNESIUM IS WATER REACTIVE!
 USE DRY SAND TO EXTINGUISH MAGNESIUM FIRES.
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
TERATOGEN: (Latin - “The Study of Monsters”)




The Study of Congenital Malformations
Relatively New Discipline (1941)
First Correlated German Measles to Birth Defects
Causes of Congenital Malformations
- Heredity
- Maternal Diseases Like German Measles
- Maternal Viral Infections During Pregnancy
- Maternal Malnutrition
- Physical Injury
- Ionizing Radiation Exposure
- Chemical Exposure
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
TERATOGEN AFFECTS IN LAB ANIMALS:
 Review the Respective Material Safety Data Sheet
 Chemicals Having Potential Teratogenic Effects
- Quinine
- Boric Acid
- Insecticides
- Pesticides
- Chloroform
- Carbon Tetrachloride
- Benzene
- Xylene
- Propylene Glycol
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
TERATOGEN AFFECTS IN HUMANS:
 Review the Respective Material Safety Data Sheet
 Agents Having Conclusive Teratogenic Effects
- Anesthetic Gases
- Organic Mercury Compounds
- Ionizing Radiation
- German Measles
- Thalidomide
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
MUTAGENIC:




Potential to Cause Mutation in the Genetic Code
Can Cause Changes in Chromosomes
Review the Respective Material Safety Data Sheet
Agents Shown to Cause Potential Mutagenic Effects
- Hydrogen Peroxide (a Bleaching Agent)
- Ethyleneimine (an Alkylating Agent)
- Ethylene Oxide (Hospital Sterilant)
- Hydrazine (Used in Rocket Fuel)
- Ionizing Radiation Exposure
- Benzene
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
CARCINOGENIC:




Can Induce a Malignant Tumor in Humans
Has a Potential to Cause Cancer
Can Cause or Accelerate Tumors
Some Confirmed or Suspected Human Carcinogens
- Acrylimide
- Acrylonitrile
- 4-Aminodiphenyl
- Arsenic
- Benzine
- Benzidine
- Beryllium
- Calcium Chromate
- Chromium (Vi)
- Ethylene Dichloride
- Ethylene Oxide
- Lead Chromate
- Nickel Sulfide
- Tetranitromethane
- O-Tolidine
- Vinyl Bromide
- Xylidine
- Zinc Chromates
SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
THE FINAL WORD
CONCERNING CHEMICALS
NEVER
DISCOUNT
ANY
ROUTE-OF-ENTRY!