Nutrition
Nutrition: the science that studies food and how
food nourishes our bodies and influences our
health
Undernutrition: a diet that lacks energy or
specific essential nutrients
Overnutrition: a diet that has an imbalance of
fats, carbohydrates and proteins or simply too
much energy
Malnutrition: any condition associated with
undernutrition or overnutrition Maintain basic
bodily functions
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Nutrients
Essential nutrients: nutrients that must come from
food or nutrient supplements because they are not
manufactured by the body at all or not in amounts
sufficient to meet the body’s needs
Macronutrients: nutrients that our bodies need in
relatively large amounts to suport normal function
and health (carbohydrates, fats and proteins)
Micronutrients: nutrients neededin relatively small
amounts to support normal health and body
functions (vitamins and minerals)
Organic vs Inorganic
Organic Nutrients: a nutrient that contains the
element carbon
Inorganic Nutrients: a nutrient that does not
contain carbon
carbon
The New Pyramid - Nutrition
What are nutrients?
• Essential substances that your
body needs in order to grow and
stay healthy
• Six categories of nutrients:
• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Fats
• Minerals
• Vitamins
• Water
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The New Pyramid - Nutrition
Career Development Software, Inc
© 2005
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
Function
• The main source of energy for our bodies
• 1 gram contains 4 kilocalories (17 KJ) of energy
Structure
• Made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
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© 2005
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Fat (Lipids)
Functions:
•
A source of energy when our
bodies are at rest
•
1 gram contains 9 kilocalories (37
KJ) of energy
Structure:
•
Made of carbon, hydrogen and
oxgyen
•
Include triglycerides (fats),
phospholipids and sterols
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Fat (Lipids)
More about Function
•
Stored triglycerides (fats) in
adipose (fat) tissue can be broken
down for energy when no
carbohydrates are available
•
Are important for obtaining fatsoluble vitamins and essential
fatty acids
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Protein
Function:
• Provide the building materials
your body needs to grow and
repair itself
• Can provide energy but are not
generally used for this purpose
• 1 gram contains 4 kilocalories
(17 KJ) of energy
Structure:
• contains hydrogen, oxygen,
carbon and nitrogen
• Are long chains made of amino
acids
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Protein
More about Function
Proteins are involved in:
• building new cells and
tissues,
• maintaining the structure
and strength of bone,
• Repairing damaged
structures, and
• Assisting in regulating
metabolism and fluid balance
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Vitamins
• are organic compounds that assist in regulating many
body processes such as bone and muscle tissue
maintenance, immune system, vision, etc.
• Vitamins are either fat-soluble or water-soluable
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Minerals
• are inorganic substances (no carbon)
that are not broken down during
digestion and absorption and are not
destroyed by heat or light
– Important for nearly all aspects of
human health and functionMinerals
actually become part of the body.
– The body requires 16 minerals daily.
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Water
• Inorganic nutrient vital for survival
• Required to maintain the proper balance of
fluid both inside and outside our cells
• Assists in the regulation of nerve impulses,
muscle contractions, nutrient transport, and
excretion of wastes
It is recommended that teens drink 6-8 glasses (8 fl.oz each) of water
each day.
This is in addition to around 4 cups of water you get from food each day.
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9. Large intestine
10. Small intestine
The digestive tract:
tube through which
food travels
Accessory organs:
organs through
which food never
travels (liver, gall
bladder and
pancreas)
Seatwork/Homework
Using page 404 and 405
Answer questions 1, 2 and 3 (internet required)
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
• Structure and function: Carbohydrates are sugars
and starches that the body uses for ENERGY!
• PLANTS are the major source of carbohydrates in
the food we eat.
Simple Carbohydrates
• Sugars that are quickly digested and provide a
BOOST of energy for the body
• Foods with LOTS of sugar: oranges, milk, cookies,
candy
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Career Development Software, Inc
© 2005
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Carbohydrates
Complex Carbohydrates
• Starches that are composed of many
sugars linked together
• They provide the body with long-term
energy since they are digested more
slowly than sugars.
• Foods with LOTS of starch:
rice, beans, potatoes
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The New Pyramid - Nutrition
Career Development Software, Inc
© 2005
Protein
Proteins
• Structure: Proteins are made
from many amino acids
connected together in
different arrangements.
• Function: Provide the building
materials your body needs to
grow and repair itself
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• 9 of the 20 amino acids are called essential amino acids
because you must obtain them from the foods you eat
since your body cannot make them. The New Pyramid - Nutrition
Career Development Software, Inc
© 2005
Protein
Complete proteins:
•
Foods containing all the essential amino acids
Examples: fish, meat, eggs, milk, cheese
Incomplete proteins:
•
Foods that are missing some essential amino acids
Examples: Legumes, nuts, whole grains
The New Pyramid - Nutrition
Career Development Software, Inc
copyright 2005
Fat
Functions:
•
ENERGY source for the body
(more than carbs and proteins)
•
Help protect and cushion vital
organs as well as joints
•
Insulate the body
Structure:
•
Fats belong to a group of organic
compounds called lipids which are
substances that do not dissolve in
water.
•
Fatty acids are the building
blocks of fats.
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Fat
Unsaturated fats:
•
Contain fatty acids that are missing
hydrogen atoms
•
At room temperature, they are typically
in liquid form.
•
They are less harmful to the circulatory
system than saturated fats.
•
Foods with a lot of unsaturated fat:
canola, safflower, and peanut oils
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Career Development Software, Inc
© 2005
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Fat
Saturated fats:
• Contain fatty acids with the
MAXIMUM amount of hydrogen
atoms
• At room temperature, they are
typically in solid form.
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• Diets with TOO MUCH saturated fat
have been known to cause heart
disease.
• Foods with a lot of saturated fat:
beef fat, egg yolks, dairy products
The New Pyramid - Nutrition
Career Development Software, Inc
copyright 2005
Calories
What is a calorie?
• The energy obtained from
carbohydrates, proteins,
and fats is measured in
units called calories.
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The New Pyramid - Nutrition
Career Development Software, Inc
copyright 2005
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