Tobacco Smoking
Nathaniel J. C. Libatique, Ph.D.
Science 10, Topic 5
In Class Survey
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44 respondents
3 admit to smoking
19 secondary smoke
8 fatalities (2nd hand information) from smoking
related disease
5 current known cases of smoking related
diseases (emphysema, lung cancer …)
When do we start the habit?
….. more than 3 million young people under
age 18 smoke half a billion cigarettes each
year and that more than one-half of them
consider themselves dependent upon
cigarettes. The decision to use tobacco is
nearly always made in the teen years, and
about one-half of young people usually
continue to use tobacco products as adults.
http://www.tobacco-facts.info/
Diseases
Some Diseases Caused by Smoking
To
the
Smoker
Oropharyngeal cancer
Vulvar cancer
1.
Esophageal cancer
Penile cancer
Stomach cancer
Renal parenchymal cancer
Anal cancer
Renal pelvic cancer
Liver cancer
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Pancreatic cancer
Leukemia
Laryngeal cancer
Ischemic heart disease
Lung cancer
Stroke
Breast cancer
Atherosclerosis
Endometrical cancer
Pneumonia
Cervical cancer
Peptic ulcer
Ovarian cancer
Chron’s disease
Vaginal cancer
Cholelithiasis
Normal Lungs and Alveoli
http://adam.about.com/encyclopedia/Normal-lungs-and-alveoli.htm
Small Cell Carcinoma
Small cell carcinoma, also called oat cell
carcinoma, can create its own hormones,
which alter body chemistry.
Non-Small Cell Carcinoma
Non-small cell carcinomas are the
most common lung cancers.
Bronchial Cancer
This is a chest x-ray of a
person with bronchial
cancer. This is a front view.
The lungs are the two dark
areas. The heart and other
structures are white areas
visible in the middle of the
chest. The light areas that
appear as subtle branches
extending from the center
into the lungs are
cancerous.
http://adam.about.com/encyclopedia/Bronchial-cancer-chest-x-ray.htm
Lung Cancer
CXR in a patient with central
cancer of the right lung.
Notice the white mass in the
middle portion of the right
lung (seen on the left side of
the picture).
http://adam.about.com/encyclopedia/Lung-cancer-frontal-chest-x-ray.htm
Tobacco Settlement of 1998
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On November 23, 1998 the Attorneys General and other representatives of 46 states. Puerto Rico, the U.S.
Virgin Islands, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam and the District of Columbia signed an
agreement with the five largest tobacco manufacturers (Brown & Williamson Tobacco corporation, Lorillard
Tobacco Company, Philip Morris Incorporated, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Commonwealth Tobacco,
and Liggett & Myers), ending a four-year legal battle between the states and the industry that began in 1994
when Mississippi became the first state to file suit. Four states (Florida, Minnesota, Mississippi and Texas) had
previously settled with tobacco manufacturers for $40 billion. The Liggett Group, the last tobacco
manufacturer to sign on, was released from previous settlements it had reached with a number of states and
will not have to contribute to the settlement fund unless the its sales rise more than 25 percent over current
levels. This will be highly unlikely since immediately after signing the settlement agreement the company sold
three of its major brands, representing 14 percent of its sales, to Phillip Morris Incorporated.
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The agreement settles all antitrust, consumer protection, common law negligence, statutory, common law and
equitable claims for monetary, restitutionary, equitable and injunctive relief alleged by any of the settling states
with respect to the year of payment or earlier years and cannot be modified in any way unless all the parties
agree to the modification. The signing of the settlement agreement is just the beginning of the rest of this
story about tobacco, youth access and health.
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Over the next 25 years, states will receive over $206 billion from the settlement, but funds will not be available
to states until June 2000. Under the provisions of the agreement, states must begin implementation of the
settlement agreement immediately.
Tobacco Settlement 1998
Prohibits youth targeting in advertising, marketing and
promotions by:
• Banning cartoon characters in advertising;
• Restricting brand-name sponsorships of events with
significant youth audiences;
• Banning outdoor advertising;
• Banning youth access to free samples; and
• Setting minimum cigarette package size at 20 (sunsets
12/31/01).
Creates a National Foundation ($250 million over next 10
years) and a Public Education Fund ($1.45 billion between
2000-2003).
http://academic.udayton.edu/health/syllabi/tobacco/summary.htm
Smokers allowed to sue
tobacco companies over 'light'
cigarette claims
By DAVID G. SAVAGE, Los Angeles Times
December 15, 2008
WASHINGTON - The Supreme Court
cleared the way for a new era of tobacco
litigation Monday, ruling that makers of
cigarette can be sued for deceiving smokers
about the dangers of "light" cigarettes…..
Philip Morris International (PMI) (NYSE / Euronext Paris: PM) is the
leading international tobacco company, with seven of the world's top 15
brands including Marlboro, the number one cigarette brand worldwide. PMI
has more than 75,000 employees and its products are sold in approximately
160 countries. The Company held an estimated 15.6% share of the
international cigarette market outside of the United States in 2007. For
more information, see www.pmintl.com.
http://www.philipmorrisinternational.com/pmintl/pages/eng/default.asp
Toxicity of Nicotine
 Toxic
Dose of Nicotine
 Toxic
level = 55 mg/kg body weight
 Weight of nicotine per cigarette = 56mg
nicotine
 Tar
and other toxins
 Let’s look at the MSDS sheets for
nicotine, hydrogen cyanide and acrolein