Jacqueline Muñoz
WLADH 1066
November 29, 2009

 In ancient times, civilizations wore oral and perioral jewelry to symbolize courage, royalty, virility, or spirituality.
 Today, these facial adornments are a popular symbol of self expression and have become a fashion statement amongst adolescents and young adults.

 The jewelry is made of non-toxic, hypoallergenic material such as14-18K gold, titanium, stainless steel, niobium, tygon, acrylic, stone,
 wood, bone, and ivory.
The jewelry is usually a labret stud, magnetic stud (most dangerous-risk of aspiration), unenclosed ring, or a barbell.

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Gingival recession on the facial surfaces of the teeth which can extend into the mucogingival junction
Narrow width of attached gingiva
Bone dehiscence
Soft tissue trauma and lesions
Injury to the PDL
Localized horizontal bone loss
Chipped or broken teeth http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2606659/
Temporary or permanent increase in salivation
Infection and inflammation
Interference with radiographic interpretation

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 Interfere with chewing food
 Collect plaque and accumulate calculus
 Possibility of ingesting jewelry exists
 Playing with jewelry can cause tissue trauma
 Tissue pigmentation at piercing site http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2606659

 Body piercing is unregulated
 Infection control standards are not followed
 Piercing is done by non-medical personnel
 Hepatitis B & C, Herpes Simplex virus,
Epstein-Barr virus, Syphillis, T.B, or Candida albicans can be transmitted
 HIV transmission has not been documented

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Avoid lip and perioral piercings
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Educate patients on the negative outcomes of lip and perioral piercings
ADA stands against lip and perioral piercings
Maintain good oral hygiene habits
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Regularly remove and clean oral jewelry
Routine dental examinations
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Routine physical examinations
To repair periodontal tissue damage, gingival graft surgery is performed

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ADA Position and Statements. (2004). ADA statement on intraoral/perioral piercing and tongue splitting.
Retrieved October 12, 2009, from http://www.ada.org/prof/resources/positions/statements/piercing.asp
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Andrian, E., Grenier, D., & Maheu-Robert, L. (2007, May). Overview of complications secondary to tongue and lip piercings. Journal of the Canadian Dental Association,
73 (4), 327-331. Retrieved October 10, 2009, from http://www.cda-adc.ca/jcda/vol-73/issue-4/327.pdf.
Bascones-Martinez, A., Campo-Trapero, J., Cano-Sanchez, Escudero-
Castaño, N., & Perea-
Garcia, M.A. (2008). Oral and perioral piercing complications. The Open Dentisitry
Journal, 2 , 133-136. Retrieved October 2, 2009, from http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2606659.
Brooks, J.K., Hooper, K.A., & Reynolds, M.A. (2003, July). Formation of mucogingival defects associated with intraoral and perioral piercing: case reports. The Journal of the
American Dental Association, 134 , 837-843. Retrieved October 10, 2009, from http://jada.ada.org/cgi/content/full/134/7/837.
Downs, J.S., Gold, M.A., Murray, P.J., & Schorzman, C.M. (2007, October). Body art: attitudes and practices regarding body piercing among urban undergraduates. Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 107 (10), 432-438. Retrieved October 10, 2009, from http://www.jaoa.org/cgi/reprint/107/10/432.pdf.
Soileau, K.M. (2005, April). Treatment of mucogingival defect associated with intraoral piercing. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 136 , 490-494. Retrieved October 10, 2009, from http://jada.ada.org/cgi/content/full/136/4/490.
Wikipedia. (2009). Lip piercing . Retrieved October 10, 2009 from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lip_piercing&printable=yes .
Wolfe, F.D. (2006, March). The perils of oral piercing. Registered Dental Hygienist
Magazine . Retrieved October 10, 2009 from http://www.dentaleconomics.com/display_article/250008/56/none/none/Feat/the-perils-of-oral-piercing .