Changing Neighborhoods and the Census Grace York University of Michigan September 2002 Needs Assessment Social Workers often use the Census, combined with observation and interviews, to assess their communities Casual Observations Restaurants Grocery stores Shopping Churches Shortcuts to avoid road repair Map of Casual Observations Will the Census prove or disprove? Outline of Presentation Census Questionnaire Census Geography Reference Maps Census Data Thematic Mapping Zip Code Correspondence Tables Changing Neighborhoods Bibliography http://www.lib.umich.edu/ govdocs/sw650.html Census History Mandated by Constitution Purpose: reapportionment of 435 seats in the House of Representatives Questions vary since 1790 2000 Questionnaire 100% Questionnaire (Data Available Now) Age Sex Race (Multiple) Hispanic origin Household relationship Occupied v. vacant housing units Owner v. renter occupied housing Questions You Can Answer with the Short Form Data What is the age/race/sex composition of Washtenaw County? Which geographic areas have a large proportion of single-mother families? Is the Mexican population of Michigan concentrated in Wayne County or more agricultural areas? Race Groups in 2000 White Black or African-American American Indian or Alaskan Native Asian Hawaiian or Pacific Islander Other Individual Races Some files break the 6 racial groups into 250 specific categories Includes Chippewa Indians, Hmong, Pakistanis Israelis and Arabs are considered as white (Afghanis, Iranians, Saudis) List appears at: http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/ sf3td/sf3tdg7.pdf Hispanic Not considered a race Can be Hispanic and any race Breakdowns in some tables • • • • • Cuban Puerto Rican Mexican Spanish Various Latin American Countries New Race Category in 2000 Respondents could choose up to SIX racial backgrounds Typical mixed race is 2-3% of population Race data not necessarily comparable with previous censuses Household Relationships Relationship to Householder Spouse Child Stepchild Grandchild Brother/Sister Parent Non-relative Unmarried partner is separate category Group Quarters College dorms Prisons Mental hospitals Shelters for abused spouses Military barracks Nursing homes 2000 Sample Questionnaire Marital status, housing value and rent Grandparents as caregivers (new) Ancestry Language Country of origin School enrollment and educational attainment (and dropouts) 2000 Sample Questionnaire Employment Industry and occupation Transportation to and place of work Disability and mental illness Veteran status Income and poverty Sample Data Schedule Sample data being published by state, August 6 – September 30, 2000 Michigan was released on September 10 Demographic profiles for U.S., states,counties and places in the interim • PDF for entire country – http://censtats.census.gov/pub/Profiles.shtml Importance of Two Surveys Larger the area, the more data Smaller the area, the less data • Sample may be inaccurate at block or block group level • Protection of privacy 100% data generally to block level • Extreme detail to tract level Some sample data to block group level • Half of tables only to tract level Census Geography Legal Areas Nation State Counties Cities Townships Congressional Districts School Districts Census Geography Census-Designated Areas Metropolitan Statistical Area Urbanized Area Census Tract Block Group Block Zip Code Tabulation Area Census Geography Map Urban Areas Urbanized = Densely settled area, 50,000+ Urban Cluster = Densely settled area, 2500-50,000; can be outside metro area South Central Michigan has a surprising number of urban clusters Metropolitan Statistical Area •Central city of 50,000 or more •Its own county, and •Surrounding counties with heavy commuting patterns Metropolitan Area Definitions Metropolitan Statistical Area - stand- Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area - alone metro area metro area which is component of larger metropolitan area Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area - two or more contiguous metropolitan areas Detroit Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area 1990 Detroit PMSA 2000 Lapeer Lapeer Livingston Macomb Macomb Detroit PMSA Monroe Monroe Oakland Oakland St. Clair St. Clair Wayne Wayne Lenawee Ann Arbor PMSA Washtenaw Ann Arbor PMSA Livingston Washtenaw MSA Definitions This is very complicated Just consult the definitions when you need them http://www.census.gov/population/www/ estimates/metrodef.html Census Tracts Areas of about 4000 people Approximate neighborhoods Ann Arbor Tract Block Group Two – eight block groups per tract All 2000s (2001, 2002, 2003) are BG 2 Smallest area for sample data Blocks All blocks in 2000 have 4-digit numbers Some 100% data but no sample data Locating Census Maps American Factfinder • http://factfinder.census.gov/ Census Bureau Web Site (PDF) • http://ftp2.census.gov/plmap/ Documents Center Paper Copies • Tract maps for Michigan • Block maps for Wayne and Washtenaw Arcview GIS Program in Map Library Technical Documentation Geographic and subject definitions Lists of tables and individual components in tables Code lists (ancestry, race, occupation, group quarters, Hispanic, industry, language, country) Original questionnaire http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf1td.html http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td.html Census Data Formats FTP Transfer all data for all geographies in a county and manipulate with SAS or SPSS http://ftp2.census.gov/plmap/ http://ftp2.census.gov/census_2000/ American Factfinder http://factfinder.census.gov/ Prepared profiles Data extraction to a spreadsheet, Reference and thematic maps Census Data Formats Census Bureau CDs/DVDs Quicker than American Factfinder for extracting very large data sets Geolytics CD-ROMS Thematic mapping for all variables and created variables; for 1980, 1990, and 2000 Maps can be imported into more sophisticated programs Initial Factfinder Screen http://factfinder.census.gov/ Basic Facts http://factfinder.census.gov/ Brief profiles and geographic comparisons for U.S., states, counties, and places Basic Facts http://factfinder.census.gov/ Choose Population, Social, Economic, or Housing Table for 2000 or various tables for 1990 Basic Facts http://factfinder.census.gov/ Choose Geography Follow pop-up menus, which change with each selection Only states for which full sample data has been released have sample quick tables Printing and Downloading Use button for downloading data to a spreadsheet Browser downloading yields HTML format Demographic Profile Alternatives http://factfinder.census.gov/ Until all of the sample files (SF3) are released, you will find more demographic profiles in the side link Demographic Profile Alternatives http://factfinder.census.gov/ All areas are searchable; there are comparison tables, an FTP site, and technical documentation Demographic Profile Alternatives http://factfinder.census.gov/ Choose the U.S. or a state and search by keyword Demographic Profile Alternatives http://factfinder.census.gov/ A search of Oakland in Michigan provides links to the county and all township profiles (but not places) Michigan Profile Spreadsheets http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/ census2/demoprof.html Permit you to compare place and county data with the state and United States Michigan Profile Spreadsheets http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/ census2/demoprof.html Disabled population in Alcona County has low employment rate compared to state and U.S. Profile Spreadsheets Outside Michigan 1. FTP data from Census Bureau http://www2.census.gov/census_2000/d atasets/100_and_sample_profile/ 2. You are welcome to copy the Documents Center’s column headers on your own spreadsheet. http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2 /demoprof.html NWMCOG’s 1990/2000 Comparisons ftp://www.nwm.cog.mi.us/2000CensusProfiles/ Northwest Michigan Council of Government profiles compares same Michigan data with 1990; notice Oakland County’s change in ancestries reported 1990/2000 Comparisons Outside Michigan 1. Access the separate 1990 and 2000 profiles from the Census Bureau at: http://www.census.gov/PressRelease/www/2002/dp_comptables.html 2. Combine spreadsheets manually. Geographic Area If you know the geographic area or proceed directly to DATA SETS or Profiles If you need to determine the geographic area, go to REFERENCE MAPS REFERENCE MAPS Internet Explorer 5.0 works best if you want to click and zoom Choose CHANGE SELECTIONS/ Geography for three better options Place Name Searching BEST option for mapping • • • • • States Counties Cities Townships Villages Place Name Searching 1. 2. 3. 4. Select Place Name Choose Year Type in Name and GO. Choose from Options and SHOW MAP. Navigating the Map •Level 5 maps provide an overview of the tracts •Not all features show in this view •Use arrows to move map or click to zoom in Block Group Maps •Block groups show up best at Level 3; tracts at level 4 •Zoom to Level 2 for street names and block numbers •Write down tract, block group and block numbers you need for use with the Data Sets menu Changing Legend When you can’t tell block group from tract boundaries, click on LEGEND to turn off block group boundaries and numbers Updated Map And, yes, Tract 4003 has unusually tortuous boundaries. Address Searching Search for a known address to find its county, city, tract, block group, block number, and map Address Results •ADDRESS SEARCHING gives you the tract, block group and block number so you can retrieve data in Data Sets •You can also choose to SHOW MAP Address Map Data Sets Once you’ve determined geography and used Basic Facts, go to DATA SETS for the detail Data Sets Includes Five Types of Files 2000 and 1990 Census Most detailed demographic and housing data Census Supplementary File Conducted at the same time as the Census to test of small area sampling techniques American Community Survey Test for state, county, city and tract sample data updates beginning 2002 Data Sets Includes Five Types of Files Economic Census Business payrolls and sales for all types of industries for the nation, states, counties, large cities and zip codes Population Estimates Annual state and county population estimates. Totals only - no race or age. Listing of Data Sets The default display are files from the 2000 and 1990 Census Data Files for 2000 Summary File 1: 100% • Available now • Race, sex, age, households and families, housing tenure • BLOCK LEVEL for many categories • MOST DETAILED ON RACE AT TRACT LEVEL • MOST DETAILED ON AGE Summary File 2: 100% • Available now • Detailed cross classifications by type of Hispanic origin, Indian tribe, or Asian subcategory (about 250 total) Data Files for 2000 Summary File 3: Sample • Income, language, ethnicity, occupation, commuting, housing value and rent • Housing value and rent in STF 1 in 1990 • Ancestry only at tract level; in 1990 was available for block groups Summary File 4: Sample • Available beginning Dec. 2002 • Detailed cross classifications by age, race, sex, and ancestry • STF4 in 1990 not on Factfinder Data Sets Option Box Options box aligns with checked data set Options for Data Set Technical Documentation = definitions, lists of tables, interpretation of codes Detailed places Thematic Tables = Maps most data for most = subject maps Options for Data Set Quick Tables = brief data for one named place Same as Basic Facts but includes tract data Geographic Comparison Tables = brief data for all tracts in county, counties in state, states in U.S. Summary File 1 Quick Tables Quick Tables under Data Sets includes census tracts; lowest level in Basic Facts is place Summary File 1 Quick Tables Does NOT have block and block group data Choose geographic level; follow pop-up menus, choose places, add, then next Summary File 1 Quick Tables Highlight table and add; show table Summary File 1 Quick Tables Summaries of age, race, sex, and household status WITH PERCENTS Each census tract in a separate table Summary File 1 Most data by age, race, sex, households, group quarters down to block level Detailed Tables Geography Default is LIST geography. Others include name search, address search, and geography within geography. Detailed Tables Geography List Geography You can choose • • • • All All All All states counties in a state tracts in a county block groups in a tract • All blocks in a block group. • Use SHOW ALL GEOGRAPHIC TYPES for all tracts in a city • Use GEO WITHIN GEO for all block groups in a county or place Detailed Tables Geography List Geography – All Geography Types Detailed Tables Geography List Geography – All Geography Types Gives additional geographic options, like tracts within a place, but may not meet all needs Detailed Tables Geography Geography within Geography Gives additional geographic options, like tracts within a place, but may not meet all needs Detailed Tables Geography Geography within Geography Gives additional geographic options, like tracts within a place, but may not meet all needs List of Tables - SF1 http://factfinder.census.gov/ The default for Detailed Tables is the List of All Tables. Population (P) Tables by Subject To block level Race Age Households by Age, Type, and Relationship Families and Family Type Group Quarters Imputations of data when questionnaire not answered Housing Tables Clustered by Subject To block level Housing Units (occupied and vacant) Occupied Housing Units by race and household size Owner/Renter Occupied by Race Imputations of data when questionnaires not answered PCT Tables Clustered by Subject • • • • • • • • To tract level American Native Tribes Asian Races (e.g. Asian Indian, Hmong) Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Races Hispanic Origin Details (e.g. Cuban) Single years of age by race to 99; three groups over 100 Unmarried partners Nonrelatives by household type (foster child, boarder) and race Group quarters population by age, race, sex and type (dorm, prison) List of Tables - SF1 http://factfinder.census.gov/ We’re choosing P3 for race because we know it will have block group and block level data. Highlight table – Add – Show table. Detailed Spreadsheet and Geocodes Options include Geographic and Other FIPS Codes Detailed Spreadsheet and Downloading Options Use Factfinder’s button for downloading data Downloading Options Comma, tab, database •Downloading options are comma delimited, tab delimited, and database compatible •You can also transpose rows and columns •Click on Explain My Choices for examples of the format Downloading Options Explain My Choices Examples of Tab-Delimited/Transposed and Data Base Ready Tranposed Spreadsheet •If it doesn’t look right when you open it to your browser screen, then save to disk and open up in a spreadsheet program Detailed Tables Revising Geography Change Selections - Geography Detailed Tables Revising Geography You could remove all block groups or add county totals You cannot change tables at this point. You must SHOW TABLE AND THEN CHANGE SELECTIONS/TABLES Detailed Tables Revising Tables You can also Change Selections/Tables Detailed Tables Keyword Searching You can search using single or multiple terms Multiple Table Spreadsheet The result is two separate tables You must use a spreadsheet program when combining them Manipulating Spreadsheet Columns Sample Instructions for combining different tables on the same spreadsheet appears at: http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/washars.htm Excel Assistance For assistance in using Excel see http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/excel/xlguide.pdf Includes manipulating spreadsheets, transposing rows and columns, filtering, ranking, and converting pdf to Excel Address Searching You can search for a street address in Detailed Tables and choose all results for a state/msa/county/tract comparison Address Searching PCT Table based on address search Only shows applicable geographies Summary File 2 http://factfinder.census.gov/ Age, sex, households, families, and owner v. rented occupied housing units State, counties, places, MSAs, and census tracts For 250 races; e.g. single years of age by sex for the Pakistani population rather than the Asian population at large Brief guide available at: http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf2.htm Summary File 2 http://factfinder.census.gov/ •2000 is the first time for this file on format other than magnetic tape •There are limits for racial data – must have 100 or more people of race in the geographic area Summary File 2 http://factfinder.census.gov/ Mark Box with Summary File 2 Summary File 2 – Geography Summary File 2 – Subject http://factfinder.census.gov/ Summary File 2 http://factfinder.census.gov/ Once you have a table for the total population, CHANGE SELECTIONS to choose race Summary File 2 http://factfinder.census.gov/ Use pop-up box to highlight race and then ADD Summary File 2 http://factfinder.census.gov/ Only those places in Oakland County with 100+ Pakistanis are shown Summary File 3 http://factfinder.census.gov/ Will be the most popular file when completed Summary File 3-Subjects http://factfinder.census.gov/ Ancestry Education and school enrollment Commuting, occupation, industry Income and poverty Disability and veteran status Housing value, rent, mortgages More breakdowns within categories and racial cross-classifications than the Demographic Profiles Summary File 3-Geography http://factfinder.census.gov/ Check the Technical Documentation for block group tables before you choose block group geography. Here we are choosing all tracts in Washtenaw. Summary File 3 List of Tables http://factfinder.census.gov/ P – Population Tables to Block Group Level P1-93 Sample data for total population P 94-144 Imputations P 145-160 Sample data by race Summary File 3 List of Tables http://factfinder.census.gov/ H – Housing Tables to Block Group Level H 1-98 Sample data for total population H 99-121 Imputations Note: no sample housing tables by race at the block group level Summary File 3 List of Tables http://factfinder.census.gov/ PCT – Population Tables to Tracts PCT 1-76 – very detailed sample data broken down by race; includes ancestry as separate categories but does not break other data down by ancestry HCT – Housing Tables to Tracts HCT 1-48 – very detailed housing sample data broken down by race but not ancestry Summary File 3 Subject Subject Highlight a subject (e.g. value of home) and search Results include all tables where the subject is a variable Choose HCT 42A, B, D for median home value for whites, blacks and Asians; Add; Show Table Summary File 3 http://factfinder.census.gov/ Summary File 3 Ancestry http://factfinder.census.gov/ Ancestry is another tract only variable Summary File 3 Occupation http://factfinder.census.gov/ What are the major occupations in Burns Park? On North Campus? Thematic Maps http://factfinder.census.gov/ Thematic maps can be accessed through the initial menu of each data set and via the main Factfinder screen - middle/bottom Thematic Maps Changing Data Set Check the default data set to make sure it’s what you want. Change selection. Thematic Maps New Data Set Pop-up menu changed from 2000 Summary File 1 to 2000 Summary File 3. Thematic Maps Choosing New Geography You can choose a map through the List method, using the HIGHEST LEVEL of geography you want (e.g. Washtenaw County, Mich) Thematic Maps Choosing Theme (Subject) You can choose a theme by subject, keyword, or list Not all Census variables are represented In this case, race appears in SF1 maps; ancestry in SF3 maps Thematic Maps Choosing Theme (Subject) Subject search for ancestry Thematic Maps Changing Geographic Display The default for a county is county subdivision This can be changed to census tract or BG Thematic Maps Same Map – Tract Level Same map at tract level. You can change the map classes by choosing legend. Thematic Maps Same Map – Tract Level Natural breaks = equal number of people counted Equal interval means equal percent intervals Thematic Maps Same Map – Tract Level This is probably more accurage. Click on legend to add geographic boundaries Thematic Maps Same Map – Tract Level Click on legend to add geographic boundaries Thematic Maps Same Map – Tract Level Same map with tract numbers Thematic Maps Same Map – Tract Level Use identify button and click on map to obtain data Thematic Maps Limitations of Factfinder Maps Only pre-selected variables; not entire data set Maps download as gifs (pictures); they cannot be exported into another program Maps can not be manipulated, e.g. showing layers Geolytics and ARCVIEW are alternatives Geography Searching http://factfinder.census.gov/ Top lefthand column of Factfinder screen Identifies Quick Tables, reference maps, and thematic maps Does not identify all tables Geography Searching Identifies each census year and type of place (county, county subdivision, city) Choose year and area Geography Searching Resulting list shows reference and thematic maps plus quick tables and demographic profiles Geography Searching 2000 Household Size by Tract in Dearborn Keyword Searching http://factfinder.census.gov/ Top lefthand column of Factfinder screen Identifies all subjects and thematic maps in all data sets Multiple terms possible Keyword Searching Identifies demographic profiles and detailed tables; can identify equivalent table numbers between 1990 and 2000 Converting Geographic Codes Use the Mable Geocorr 2K Search Engine to relate five digit zip codes and counties or census tracts http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/websas/geocorr2k.html Converting Geographic Codes Converting Geographic Codes Converting Geographic Codes Converting Geographic Codes CD/DVD Programs for Census 2000 Two additional CD/DVD programs available in the Documents Center • GO 2000 (Census Bureau) • Census CD 2000 (Geolytics) Census 2000 with Go 2000 Quicker for data extraction of large sub-sub geographies (e.g. all tracts in a state) Selection of individual variables in a table Mixing and matching geographic levels and data from different tables Data can be downloaded into a variety of formats, including DBF and MS Access Census Go 2000 Software Choose a WORKSPACE (e.g. first time users can accept the default) and Pick Geography instead Census Go 2000 – Geography All Tracts in County Choose a geography level, such as all tracts in a state You can choose all counties in state or a combination Census Go 2000 All Tracts in Wayne County In this case we’ve chosen Level 140 – tracts by county; then all tracts in Wayne County Census Go 2000 Output - Report Under OUTPUT, a REPORT is a temporary HTML file with standard SF1 Tables Not the best option Census Go 2000 Software Output - File Under OUTPUT, a FILE is a spreadsheet or DBF result with customized tables Census Go 2000 Software Output - File Use the SAVE AS command to name your file and choose its format BEFORE you continue. Census Go 2000 Simple Variables Geographic Identifiers include codes, latitude, longitude and area P and H Tables to block level PCT Tables are detailed age and race to tract level Census Go 2000 Simple Variables Choose individual variables by expanding the folder, then doubleclick on the variable Then FINISH Census Go 2000 Simple Variables Choose all variables in a folder by highlighting the folder and selecting it Then FINISH Census Go 2000 Opening Output You can open just the output or the output and description Census Go 2000 Opening Output Interpretation of column headings appears in Notepad and SF1 Technical Documentation Census Go 2000 – Custom Variables You can do some addition and subtraction using Custom Variables but are probably better off with a spreadsheet package Geolytics Census 2000 Map ALL variables in a data set, not just the preselected themes in Factfinder Create your own variables by manipulating Census variables Import maps into ARCVIEW Geolytics Example Name Request Name file before you begin Geolytics Example Geographic Areas Choose the largest geographic level or radius Geolytics Example Geographic Areas Choose state and area names Geolytics Example Subareas Choose Subarea – in this case block groups in Wayne County, Michigan Subareas vary with the main Area (Choices limited by comparison to Census DVD) Geolytics Example Choose Subjects or Counts Choose counts Population 1 and Housing to block level Population 2 to tract level and detailed Geolytics Example Choosing Counts You can choose multiple subjects Move from top to bottom to right. Then click DONE. Example shows males and females, 15-21 Geolytics Example Run Query Choose spreadsheet, data base, or map file. Geolytics Example Spreadsheet Spreadsheet. It was automatically saved when you named your request file. Use Technical Documentation to interpret column headings. Geolytics Example Map Map. Toggle variable to change map between variables. Variables are total population and individual ages of youth by sex. Geolytics Example Map Classes You can change the categories and classes on the right Geolytics Example Identifying Data in Map You can click on area to view its data Geolytics Example Create Your Own Variable Click on calculator. Add 8 variables for males and females, 15-21, divide by total population, multiple by 100 Geolytics Example New Formula New formula displays percent of population 15-21 by Detroit block group with red being the highest percentage Geolytics Example Copying Files for Arcview File – Export to copy your map for Arcview. You can access the hard drive to copy your files from the hard disk to a zip drive. Your files will have various extensions but the same name as your request file Citing Census Data Census Bureau http://www.census.gov/main/www/citation.html APA Style - Purdue http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/ r_apa.html Government Documents - Univ. of Memphis http://exlibris.memphis.edu/govpubs/citeweb.htm Getting Census Help Documents Center 203 Hatcher Library North, (734) 764-0410, govdocs@umich.edu http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/ Campus representative to the Census Bureau’s State Data Center program. Assistance with American Factfinder, Census CDROMS.Paper tract maps of Michigan. Referrals to other sources. Census 2000 web page http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/cen2000.html Getting Census Help Map Library 825 Hatcher Library South, (734) 764-0407 Map.Library@umich.edu http://www.lib.umich.edu/maplib Experts in ArcView for the creation of Census maps Assistance in importing your own data to a Census map Downloads of boundary files Getting Census Help Numeric Data Services 203 Hatcher Library North, (734) 763-9408 numeric.data@umich.edu http://www.lib.umich.edu/data/ Assists users in locating and downloading untabulated statistical data for manipulation with programs such as SAS, SPSS Referrals for data manipulation Getting Census Help Population Studies Center 311 Maynard Street, (734) 998-7153 psc-dads@umich.edu http://www.psc.isr.umich.edu/dads/ Assists University of Michigan students and staff Answers common problem and error questions with Census files Handles common data manipulation questions with a variety of statistical packages