Assessment of Waste-to-Energy Potential in Saudi
Arabia as Electricity Source & Environmental
Protection Measure
Dr. Omar K. M. Ouda
Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering
Prince Mohamed Bin Fahd University, Saudi Arabia
oouda@pmu.edu.sa
Content.
• Introduction.
• Global Perspectives of Waste-to-Energy.
• Municipal Solid Waste Management in Saudi
Arabia.
• Potential Contribution of Waste-to-Energy
• Environmental Values of Waste-to-Energy.
Introduction
• In 2013 world population was about 7.2 billion and is
projected to increase by 1 billion by the year 2025.
• Population growth and associated with increase in
standard of living and urbanization levels will come
with an ever-increase in Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
generation and energy demand.
• Current global MSW generation level is 1.3 billion
tons/year, and is forecasted to reach about 2.2 billion
tons/year in 2025.
Global Perspectives of Waste-to-Energy
• Waste to Energy (WTE), are being utilized
globally as environmental protection
measures and energy renewable source.
• WTE is a proven and efficient option to handle
the MSW disposal challenges
• WTE also can contribute to global energy
demand.
Global Perspectives of Waste-to-Energy.
Global Current and Forecasted Value of WTE Market
30
Billion Dollars
25
20
15
10
5
Years
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
All WTE technologies 2.1 2.8 4.34 4.9 7 8.4 9.1 11.9 13.3 14.7 16.1 18.2 20.3 22.4 24.5 26.6
Municipal Solid Waste Management in
Saudi Arabia
KSA population
has
increased
from 7 million
in 1975 to about
27 million in
2010 with an
annual rate of
3.4%.
Municipal Solid Waste Management in
Saudi Arabia
• Municipalities are governing MSW management in Saudi Arabia.
• The current MSW practices in Saudi Arabia is to collect t and dump
in landfills or dump sites.
•
A few initiatives for MSW recycling are in place in the Eastern
Province of Saudi Arabia.
• These initiatives are in small scale and their contributions are not
well documented.
• KSA MSW wastes consists of 37% organic materials, 28.5% paper,
5.2% plastics, 8.3% mineral, 4.6% glass, 8% wood, 6.4% textile, and
2% others.
Municipal Solid Waste Management in
Saudi Arabia
• In July 2013, the Saudi Cabinet approved new MSW
management regulations.
• The new regulations aims to ensure the implementation of an
integrated framework for MSW management in the country.
• In 2010, the government initiated the King Abdullah City of
Atomic and Renewable Energy (KACARE).
• KACARE is proposing an impressive plan for renewable energy
utilization that includes WTE facilities.
• The two decade plan includes production of up to 54 GW
from nuclear and renewable energy sources.
Potential of WTE in Saudi Arabia.
• To assess the potential of WTE in KSA two scenarios were developed:
– Mass Burn with Recycling.
– Mass Burn.
• The Mass Burn scenario implies full utilization of MSW for WTE production.
• Mass Burn with Recycling assumes removal of all potentially recycled
materials from the waste stream and utilizing the remaining MSW for WTE
production.
• The potential electricity generation of the two scenarios were calculated
based on:
- MSW generation forecast up to the year 2032
- MSW Compositions
- Caloric values of each materials
Potential of WTE in Saudi Arabia
Mass Burn with Recycling
Potential Contribution of Waste-toEnergy in Saudi Arabia.
Mass Burn
Potential Contribution of Waste-toEnergy in Saudi Arabia.
• The Mass Burn with Recycling scenario result shows a potential to
produce about 166 (MW) of electricity by the year 2032.
• This value forms about 0.14% of the 120 GW peak electricity
demand in 2032.
• The figure shows the potential to produce about 2073 Megawatt
(MW) of electricity from MSW by the year 2032.
• This value forms about 1.73% of the 120 GW peak electricity
demand for that terminal year.
• The Mass Burn scenario can produce 12 times WTE electricity more
than the Mass Burn with Recycling scenario.
Environmental Values of WTE in Saudi
Arabia
• The Environmental value of the two Scenarios were estimated
based on EPA USA approach.
• Three Environmental criteria were considered
- Energy saving
- Net greenhouse gas emission reduction
- Landfills area reductions
• The Environmental value for KSA and per city for the major six
cities up to year 2032 will be forecasted.
Environmental Values of WTE in Saudi
Arabia
Energy Reduction Forecast based on Mass Burn with Recycling Scenario
Environmental Values of WTE in Saudi
Arabia
Energy Reduction Forecast based on Mass Burn Scenario
Environmental Values of Waste-toEnergy Facilities in Saudi Arabia
Net greenhouse gas reduction in MTCE per ton of material for the two scenarios
Materials
Waste
Composition %
Mass Burn with
Recycling
(MTCE/ton of MSW)
Mass Burn
(MTCE/ton of MSW)
Paper
28.5
0.29
0.10
Plastic
5.2
0.02
-0.01
Glass
4.6
0.02
0.02
Wood
8
0.04
0.01
Textiles
6.4
0.13
0.01
Organic
37.0
0.04
0.04
Others
10.3
0.06
0.02
Total (MTCE/ton)
0.98
0.61
0.18
Environmental Values of WTE in Saudi
Arabia
Landfill Area Forecast Based on complete landfilling
Environmental Values of WTE in Saudi
Arabia
Landfill Area Saving Forecast Based on Mass Burn With Recycling Scenario
Environmental Values of WTE in Saudi
Arabia
Landfill Area Saving Forecast Based on Mass Burn Scenario
Conclusion
• The results show WTE has great potential in
the Kingdom.
• WTE can be a good contributor to electricity
supply in the Kingdom.
• The Environmental Values are tremendous.
Publications
•
Ouda, O.K.M., Cekirge, H. and Syed, R., “An assessment of the potential contribution from waste-to-energy
facilities to electricity demand in Saudi Arabia”. Energy Conversion and Management. Vol. 75 (2013), pp.
402-406.
•
Ouda. O. K. M. and Cekirge, H. M.,” Potential Environmental Values of Waste-to-Energy Facilities in Saudi
Arabia”, The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering (AJSE). Vol. 39. No. 2, (2014), pp. 7525-7533.
•
Tawabini B.S., Ouda, O.K.M., Raza, S.A. (2014). Investigating of Waste to Energy Potential as a Renewable
Energy Resource in Al-Hasa Region, Saudi Arabia, 5th International Symposium on Energy from Biomass
and Waste( VENICE 2014). 17-20 November 2014, Venice, Italy.
•
Aga O., Ouda, O.K.M., Raza, S.A. (2014), Investigating Waste to Energy Potential in the Eastern Region,
Saudi Arabia, Renewable Energy for Developing Countries (REDEC 2014), November 26-27, 2014, Beirut,
Lebanon.
•
Al-Waked R., Ouda, O.K.M., Raza, S.A. (2014), Potential Value of Waste‐to‐Energy Facility in Riyadh CitySaudi Arabia, the Eighth Jordanian International Mechanical Engineering Conference (JIMEC 8),
September 22-23, 2014, Amman, Jordan.
•
Ouda, O.K.M. and Raza, S.A. (2014). Waste-to-Energy: Solution for Municipal Solid Waste ChallengesGlobal Annual Investment, 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Technology Management and
Emerging Technology (ISTMET), May 27-29, 2014, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.
To get a copy of the publications, please visit my website :
http://www.pmu.edu.sa/profiles/oouda/Publications.html