CONSTRUCTION FUNDAMENTALS
FASHION 2130
RESOURCE/WORKBOOK BOOKLET
COURSE FAS2130: CONSTRUCTION FUNDAMENTALS 2
Apply intermediate construction techniques and knowledge of fabrics and patterns to complete a garment
for the lower torso.
1. identify various methods of constructing, finishing and naming fabrics
2. explain and demonstrate knowledge related to sewing notions
3. demonstrate and apply knowledge and skills related to pattern alterations, fitting of a
garment, fabric choices and appropriate sewing techniques
4. apply basic construction skills at an appropriate level in assembling a garment
5. demonstrate safe and proficient use of sewing equipment, pressing equipment, cutting
tools and sewing notions
6. identify copyright restrictions and permissions and put them into practice
7. demonstrate basic competencies
8. identify possible life roles related to the skills and content of this cluster
Evaluation
Basic Competencies
-sewing journal
-management of learning
-management of project/equipment
-attention to learning and improving
Project
-correct placement of shaping techniques
-wearing ease
-length suitable for style and individual
-straight hanging seams
-professionally finished, pressed, clean and neat.
Percentage
10
80
Assignments
1. Read following pages on fabric construction and types of weaves. Locate in the classroom an
example of plain, twill and satin weave and correctly label and attach to information pages.
2. Research three nonwoven types of fabric construction and three types of knit fabric. Explain each
type.
3. What is a fabric finish? Research and explain five different types.
4. What are fabric generic names? List five in chart form including characteristics of each..
http://www.afma.org/f-tutor/q-guide.htm#SPANDEX
5. What are fabric brand names? List five
6. What are fabric finishes? Create a chart showing the characteristics of five for natural fabric and
five for synthetic fabrics
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finishing_(textiles)
7. Research types of thread ( 3 types), fasteners ( 3 types), tapes, trims, elastics( 3 types), braids,
lining, interfacing( 3 types) will affect the finished garment. Include description of types in each
category, and what results each type will create. (Example: zippers may be coiled plastic or metal
and vary in weights; the weight of the zipper used will be based upon the garment. An evening
dress will not use the same zipper as a winter coat due to aesthetic appearances.)
8. Choose a pattern, in the correct size for a lower torso garment. Discuss choice with teacher and
complete information below.
9. Using your pattern envelope answer the following. Attach envelope or photocopy
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
What company?
Pattern number?
Width of fabric you purchased?
Layout used for pinning?
Notions required?
Pattern description?
Finished measurements for your pattern and view?
Did you need interfacing or contrast fabric for your pattern? How did you decide
the amounts?
10. Define:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Darts
Pleats
Gathers
Stay stitching
Under stitching
Topstitching
11. What are three ways a seam can be reduced to eliminate bulkiness and increase
comfortable wearing?
12. Purchase the supplies necessary to complete a project to construct in your size.
-Garment for this project must include a minimum of three of the following construction
details or details from an intermediate level.
-basting, seam/seam finish, bulk reduction, closure, hem treatment, pocket, shaping
technique, sleeve, and/or neck/waist treatment
13. Keep an ongoing journal of your progress on your project.
FABRIC CONSTRUCTION CHART NOTES
FABRIC CONSTRUCTION



fibers are created into yarns
yarns are then woven or knit into fabrics
fabrics are used to create projects
BLENDED YARNS, THREADS, AND FABRICS
 blends were created to utilize the positive characteristics of each fiber
 different fibers that have been combined into one fabric, usually one natural
and one synthetic
 EXAMPLE: polyester/cotton blend- the original cotton characteristics are
improved and the fabric becomes more wrinkle resistant, stronger, and
mildew resistant
WOVENS




a woven fabric consists of warp and weft yarns
weaving occurs when two or more yarns are woven together at right angles
to make a fabric
strong and easy to sew on
suggested for beginners to use
GRAIN (LINE)

selvage - parallel to lengthwise grain; the tightly woven edges of the fabric



lengthwise - parallel to the selvage; stronger threads (warp threads)
crosswise - at right angle to the lengthwise threads; perpendicular to the
selvage (weft threads)
bias - diagonal angle; runs at a 45-degree angle to the selvage edge; provides
stretch
KNIT






knitting- yarns are fashioned by needles into a series of interlocking loops to
make a fabric
knits provide stretch
knits don't need a seam or edge finish; will not fray
ball point needle is recommended for sewing on knits
single knit fabric curls to the right side when stretched
interlock knit is thicker than single knits and when stretched they don't curl
NON-WOVEN/ FELTING


made when fibers are pressed together using heat and moisture
examples include: felt and non-woven interfacing
NAP



short fibers that create texture on fabric
use a nap layout
treat the same way as a one-way directional fabric
Types of Weaves
You must have seen that the clothes that you wear have different woven designs.
Designs can be due to _ use of different types of yarns like simple, ply, complex and textured.
_ use of different ways of interlacement of warp and weft yarns
1. Plain Weave: - It is the simplest weave and therefore inexpensive to produce.
Many fabrics that you commonly wear like mulmul dupattas, organdy
and chiffon sarees are all plain weave. Each and every weft yarn goes alternately
under and over the warp yarns across the width of the fabric. If the
yarns are close together, the plain weave has a high thread count and the
fabric will be firm and will wear well.
Fig. 24.12 Plain Weave
Plain weave is of two typesRib Weave Basket Weave
Rib or line effect Two or more weft yarns are interlaced
is created by using as a unit with corresponding number
thin yarns with thick of warp yarns to give a basket like
yarns or single effect. Mattee fabric commonly used
yarns with doubled yarns in for cross stitch embroidery is an example
any one direction of the fabric. of such a weave.
2. Twill Weave - This basic weave has a clear diagonal line on the face of the
fabric. The denim or jean fabric you wear is twill weave. It is a very strong
and durable weave. It is therefore commonly used in men’s suit and coat
fabrics. Twill weave fabrics show soil less quickly than plain weave.
Fig. 24.14 Twill Weave
3. Satin Weave - This basic weave has a beautiful shiny surface because of
long floats on the surface of the fabric. In the satin weave warp yarns float
over several weft yarns before interlacing with a weft yarn and so on. However,
the long floats snag easily therefore satin weave is not as strong as
plain or twill weave.
Besides the basic weave you must have seen the fancy, decorative design
weaves like the booti design woven in the fabric. Corduroy has raised parallel
vertical lines. A towel has loops covering its both sides. All these fabrics
are made using special looms and weaving techniques. They are obviously
expensive fabrics.