Rice Milling
By JF Rickman and M Gummert
Agricultural Engineering
IRRI
Topics
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What is milling
Characteristic of paddy
Options for milling
Multistage milling
By products of milling
Objective of milling
1. Remove the husk
2. Remove the bran layers
3. Produce whole white rice kernels that
are
• sufficiently milled,
• free of impurities and
• minimum number of broken
kernels.
Physical Characteristics of rice
Physical characteristic
Percentage
Paddy
100
Husk
20
Brown rice
80
Meal
Pericarp and testa (5-6%)
Aluerone (1%)
Embryo (3%)
8-10
White rice
70-72
Chemical Characteristics
Brown rice
White rice
Bran
Moisture
content (%)
Starch (%)
13-14
13-14
13-14
68-70
80
9
Amylose
28-30
33
6
6-8
6-7
14
3
1
20
2-3
0.5
25
1-1.5
0.5
9-10
Protein (%)
Fat
Fiber
Crude ash
Milling Options
1.
2.
3.
4.
Hand Milling
One step milling process
Two-step process and
Multistage process
Pestle and mortar
• Friction based-kernel
against kernel
• High breakage
• Final cleaning hand
winnowing and gravity
Single pass steel mill
• Steel friction mill
• Very high pressure
• Originated from coffee
grinder
• Low white rice
recovery ( 50-55%)
• Head rice less than
30%
• Often used for par
boiled rice
Two Stage Mill
• Super seeded
Engleberg (steel) mill
• Separate hulling and
whitening
• Rubber roller huller
• Steel friction polisher
• Capacity 0.5-1t/hr
• Milling recovery - 60%
2 stage Vietnam mill
Multistage Mill
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Pre-cleaning the paddy
prior to milling
Removing the husk or
outer layer from the
paddy
Polishing or whiting the
brown rice to remove
the bran layer
Separating the broken
grains from the whole
kernels
Bagging the milled rice
Managing the byproducts
Multi-stage mill
Pre-cleaning
Equipment
• Oscillating Sieve type
• Aspiration cum
Oscillation Type
• Rotary Cleaner
Process of separation
Process
1. Scalp larger objects
2. Retain desired
size/weight
3. Removes small size
or lighter weight
material
De-stoner
• Gravity separator
• Separates on weight
Dehusker
Equipment
• Steel huller
• Under runner disc
sheller
• Rubber rollers
Operation
• Friction between
surfaces
• Speed differentials
• Abrasion
Under runner disc Sheller
Paddy separator
Compartment Separator
• Paddy and brown rice move
at different speeds
• Brown rice moves faster
• Specific gravity/buoyancy
• 45 compartments/2 ton
Gravity separator
Tray Separator
• Brown rice up slope, paddy
down
• Specific gravity, grain length,
coefficient of friction
Friction polisher
• Grain kernels forced
against each other
and a metal screen by
a steel ribbed cylinder
• Always horizontal
• High pressure, higher
temperature than
abrasive
• Suitable japonica
types
Steel Polisher-horizontal friction
(Engelberg Type)
Feed
Steel mesh
Steel rotor
Grain
Abrasive polisher
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Vertical or horizontal
Abrasive surface and screen
Less pressure on kernel
Better for Indica types
Polishing- Conical Stone
Polisher-horizontal Abrasive
Oscillating Screen separator
• Separates out brewers
• Large and small
brokens
• Oscillating screen
Length Grader
• Length grader works by
matching screen indentation
with whole grain length
• Small/broken rice fall into
indents while whole grain
pass to end
• Sometime set up with 2
different indent sizes
Separating bins
• Separates into head rice,
large brokens and small
broken
• Mix any combination on belt
by variable speed delivery
motors in each outlet
Mist Polisher
• Improves luster on rice
• Small amount dust and
water
Color sorter
• Has to be calibrated for
desired color
• Works on separation
discolored grain by using air
stream
• Expensive
Bagging Station
• Rice normally sold in
50kg bags
• Accurately weighed
Mill by products
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Husk
Coarse meal
Fine meal
Brewers grain