Science Essential Standards Unit Development
Unit Topic
DNA technology
Essential Standards Goals and
Objectives
Concepts Being Studied
Theory of evolution
Bio.3.3 Understand the application of DNA technology.
Bio.3.3.1 Interpret how DNA is used for comparison and identification of organisms.
Bio.3.3.2 Summarize how transgenic organisms are engineered to benefit society.
Bio.3.3.3 Evaluate some of the ethical issues surrounding the use of DNA technology (including
cloning, genetically modified organisms, stem cell research, and Human Genome Project).
Bio.3.4 Explain the theory of evolution by natural selection as a mechanism for how
species change over time.
Bio.3.4.1 Explain how fossil, biochemical, and anatomical evidence support the theory of
evolution.
Bio.3.4.2 Explain how natural selection influences the changes in a species over time.
Bio.3.4.3 Explain how various disease agents (bacteria, viruses, chemicals) can influence
natural selection.
Gel electrophoresis
Theory vs Law (review)
Transgenic organisms
Evidence for evolution
Cloning
Divergent and convergent evolution
Human Genome Project
Disruptive, stabilizing and direction selection
Stem cell research
Natural and artificial selection
adaptation
Speciation
Charles Darwin
Mutations (review)
How can DNA be used for identification?
What are transgenic organisms?
How does genetic engineering benefit
society?
What ethical issues arise with the
development of DNA technology?
Which scientists contributed to DNA
technology?
How do various disease agents influence
natural selection?
What evidence is there for evolution?
How does natural selection influence changes
in species?
What patterns do we see with evolution?
Which scientists contributed to the theory of
evolution?
Essential Information
Steps for DNA fingerprinting
Contributions of scientists
Steps for cloning
Steps for creating transgenic organisms
How genetic engineering is used today
Definition of a theory
Fossils show timeline
Similarity between vertebrate embryos
Cumulative changes
Contributions of scientists
Essay Questions
Contrast the techniques used in genetic
engineering and in selective breeding to
produce organisms with desired traits.
How is the idea of common descent
supported by examples of homologous
structures?
Essential Questions
Project Ideas
DNA fingerprinting/Human Genome
report
Technology
It Takes a Lickin’ virtual lab
Evolution children’s book
Transgenic organism video clip (Prentice
Hall CD)
Powerpoint presentation
Labs, Experiments, Activities,
etc.
Resources
Powerpoint presentation
It Takes a Lickin’ virtual lab
Natural selection card lab
Powerpoint presentation
PH Biology textbook
Powerpoint presentation
PH Biology textbook
See below
See below
Assessment
Genetic Engineering/DNA Fingerprinting/Human Genome Report
Research one of the following people:
Kenneth Waters (released from prison)
Dr. Francis Collins (Human Genome Project)
Dr. Craig Venter (Human Genome Project)
Dr. Alec Jeffreys (DNA fingerprinting)
Ian Wilmut (Dolly project)
Anastasia Nikolaevna (Duchess)
Write a comprehensive report on your chosen person. Include general biographical information. Also include how they
influenced or how they were influenced by DNA fingerprinting, genetic engineering or the Human Genome Project.
This should be a one-page TYPED paper on that person. Margins set at one inch on all sides, font is Times New
Roman or Arial at 12 pts and spacing is 1 or 1.5. Include: biographical information (include education), any partners
(or people that were directly involved) they may have had, how genetic engineering/the human genome project
applies to his/her story or work, and any controversy that may have surrounded their story/work.
You must include a typed cover page.
You must use at least three sources. You may not use Wikipedia as a source. All sources must be cited on a Sources
Cited page.
This paper is to be researched and written on your own time outside of class. I am happy to write you library passes
in order for you to use the internet there if you so need.
This is your own individual work. Copying someone else’s work will result in a zero for the paper. This includes taking
information directly from the internet! You must read and paraphrase your sources!
Grading Rubric:
First checkpoint (biographical information and two sources) 10pts
Second checkpoint (all three sources, a key points met) 10pts
On time (-20 points per day late – third day late is a zero) 0pts
Title page 5pts
Sources Cited page 5 pts
Correct format (font, margins, etc) 5 pts
Length 10 pts
Biography 10pts
Relevance/application to genetic engineering, etc. 25pts
Comprehensive research 10pts
Grammar/spelling 10 pts
Evolution Children’s Book Project:
Write a children’s book of at least 15 pages.
Examine evolution by natural selection. Include the theory’s development, the
fossil, biochemical and embryological evidence for evolution, and modern day
applications of evolution.
This book should be illustrated in color and be neatly written.
0
Length
Less than 7
pages
1
8-11 pages
2
12- 14 pages 15-16 pages
Neatness and
color
No color,
writing is
illegible
No color,
writing is
sloppy
Some color,
writing is
legible
Two of the
three
content
areas
mentioned
All three
content
areas
mentioned,
but not
completely
explained
Less than
four
illustrations
Illustrations
are sporadic
and used
more for
decoration
than
explanation
Content
Only one
content area
addressed
Illustrations
No
illustrations
3
4
Greater than
16 pages
Backgrounds
and
Book is
illustrations
colored
colored
appropriately, nicely,
handwriting
handwriting
is neat
is neat, book
is neatly
bound
Complete
explanation
Complete
of all content
explanation
areas,
of all content addressed in
areas
an ageappropriate
manner
Illustrations
are complete
Illustrations
and fully
are complete
support the
and fully
page’s topic.
support the
Cover is
page’s topic
creatively
illustrated
Genetic Engineering Test
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1.
A nasal spray containing copies of the healthy gene that is defective in persons with cystic fibrosis has been used on
a trial basis. The patient sprays it into their noses hoping that the healthy gene will replace the unhealthy disease causing gene in
their lungs. They would then produce normal mucus as opposed to large amounts of thick mucus. This is an attempt at _____.
a. palindrome formation b. gene therapy c. DNA fingerprinting
____ 2.
Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to _____.
a. clone chromosomes of various species b. cut DNA into fragments of various sizes c. separate DNA fragments by length
____ 3.
Transgenic bacteria are currently capable of producing _____.
a. human insulin b. human clones c. viruses
____ 4.
A small amount of DNA obtained from an original source can be copied through a process called _____.
a. polymerase chain reaction (PCR) b. gel electrophoresis c. DNA fingerprinting
____ 5.
In 1973, Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer inserted a gene from an African clawed frog into a bacterium. The
bacterium produced the protein coded for by the inserted frog gene. At the conclusion of the experiment, a bacterium containing
frog DNA would be classified as a _____.
a. clone b. plasmid c. transgenic organism
____ 6.
The Human Genome Project found that there were approximately _________ genes on the 46 human chromosomes.
a. 3 billion b. 35,000 c. 500,000 d. 23
____ 7.
Which of the following are applications of genetic engineering?
a. transgenic bacteria in medicine like to produce insulin b. transgenic plants and animals c. transgenic bacteria in industry like
cleaning oil spills d. all of these
Figure 13–5
____ 8.
What does Figure 13–5 show?
a. gel electrophoresis b. DNA sequencing c. a restriction enzyme producing a DNA fragment
____ 9.
In Figure 13–5, between which nucleotides is the DNA cut?
a. thymine and cytosine b. adenine and guanine c. adenine and cytosine
____ 10.
A DNA molecule produced by combining DNA from different sources is known as
a. recombinant DNA. b. a clone. c. a polyploid.
____ 11.
What kind of technique do scientists use to make transgenic organisms?
a. hybridization b. inbreeding c. inducing of mutations d. genetic engineering
____ 12.
The first sheep ever cloned was named Dolly. Why is Dolly considered a clone (how can it be proven)?
a. Her DNA was the same as DNA from a body cell of a different individual. b. The DNA molecules in all her cells are identical.
c. She was produced using the DNA from an egg cell.
Fig. 13.4
____ 13.
Referring to Fig. 13.4, which species of fish is the newly discovered species most closely related?
a. A b. B c. C d. D
____ 14.
Referring to Fig. 13.4, assuming the DNA is placed at the top of the diagram initially, where are the longest pieces of
fish DNA- at the bottom or the top of the gel?
a. top b. bottom
____ 15.
Two scientists that worked on the Human Genome Project were _______.
a. Crick and Watson b. Redi and Pasteur c. Chargaff and Franklin d. Collins and Venter
____ 16.
In the distant past, the only way to predict hereditary disease was to ______.
a. observe family histories b. perform gel electrophoresis c. examine chromosomes d. create transgenic organisms
____ 17.
Gel electrophoresis involves an electrical source and the movement of DNA fragments. The DNA moves because of
its _______.
a. positive charge b. negative charge c. neutral charge d. size
____ 18.
The vehicle that transports the foreign DNA when creating a trangenic organism is called the ______.
a. automobile b. vector c. plasmid d. clone
____ 19.
This process shown above is the is creation of a(n)_________.
a. genetically engineered hybrid b. genetically engineered transgenic organism c. infected bacterium
____ 20.
The suspect who comitted the crime is # ______.
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. The suspect remains at large.
____ 21.
The parents of this soldier shown above who was difugured in wartime were ______.
a. A and B b. C and D c. Neither
____ 22.
A small amount of DNA obtained from a blood spatter at a crime scene would immediately be sent for _____ to make
sure that there was enough DNA to go around to all the labs.
a. gene splicing b. gel electrophoresis c. DNA fingerprinting d. polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
____ 23.
Selective breeding is a fairly technologically advanced technique that has been in use for less than 100 years.
a. True b. False
____ 24.
The cloning of an organism is a process which must take place in a laboratory and follow very strict guidelines.
a. True b. False
____ 25.
Allowing only those organisms which possess desired characteristics to reproduce is called ___________.
a. cloning b. selective breeding c. DNA extraction
Genetic Engineering Test
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
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2.
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25.
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B
C
A
A
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B
D
C
B
A
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A
C
A
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A
B
B
B
D
A
D
B
B
B
DIF:
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DIF:
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
A
A
B
B
E
DIF:
B
Evolution and Natural Selection Test
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1.
The evolution from a common ancestor to a variety of species is an example of _____.
a) divergent evolution b) cross-pollination c) vegetative propagation
____ 2.
Mutations such as polyploidy and crossing over provide the genetic basis for _____.
a) evolution b) spontaneous generation c) biogenesis
____ 3.
Structures that have a similar embryological origin and structure but different functions, such as a bat
wing and a human arm, are called _____.
a) embryological structures b) analogous structures c) homologous structures
____ 4.
Natural selection can best be defined as the _____.
a) survival of the biggest and strongest organisms in a population b) elimination of the smallest organisms by the
biggest organisms c) survival and reproduction of the organisms that occupy the largest area d) survival and
reproduction of the organisms that are genetically best adapted to the environment
____ 5.
Any structure that is reduced in function in a living organism but may have been used in an ancestor is
known as a(n):
a) analogous organ b) vestigal organ c) homologous organ
____ 6.
A pattern of evolution that results when two unrelated species begin to appear similar because of
environmental conditions is _____.
a) disruptive selection b) convergent evolution c) directional selection
____ 7.
The average individuals of a population are favored in _____ selection.
a) directional b) stabilizing c) disruptive
____ 8.
In _____ selection, individuals with both extreme forms of a trait are at a selective advantage.
a) directional b) stabilizing c) disruptive
____ 9.
_____ selection favors one extreme form of a trait in a population.
a) Directional b) Stabilizing c) Disruptive
____ 10.
What is the movement of genes into and out of a gene pool called?
a) random mating b) nonrandom mating c) migration or gene flow
____ 11.
Which answer BEST shows an animal's adaptation to the tropical rain forest?
a) camouflage in a tree frog b) the long neck of a giraffe c) an elephant's long trunk
____ 12.
The founder of modern evolution theory, and is called The Father of Evolution, is _____.
a) Charles Darwin b) Alexander Oparin c) Stephen Jay Gould
____ 13.
Mutations occur because of _____.
a) the introduction of new variations from elsewhere b) the introduction of new variations through mistakes in DNA
replication c) the chance survival and reproduction of new variations
____ 14.
Upon close examination of the skeleton of an adult python, a pelvic girdle and leg bones can be
observed. These features are an example of _____.
a) artificial selection b) homologous structures c) vestigial structures
____ 15.
The theory of continental drift hypothesizes that Africa and South America slowly drifted apart after once
being a single landmass. The monkeys on the two continents, although similar, show numerous genetic differences.
Which factor is probably the most important in maintaining these differences?
a) comparative anatomy b) comparative embryology c) geographic isolation
____ 16.
Any species with more than one set of chromosomes is:
a) haploid b) diploid c) polyploid
____ 17.
A mechanism for change in a population in which organisms with favorable variations live, reproduce, and
pass on their favorable traits is:
a) natural selection b) mimicry c) overpopulation
____ 18.
The theories of need, use and disuse, and inheritance of acquired characteristics were part of the work
of:
a) Charles Darwin b) Jean Lamarck c) Alexander Oparin
____ 19.
The concept that evolution occurs over long periods of stability that are interupted by brief periods of
change is known as:
a) adaptive radiation b) polyploid c) punctuated equilibrium d) gradualism
____ 20.
The total number of genes present in a population is the:
a) allelic frequency b) polyploid c) gene pool
____ 21.
A structural adaptation enabling an organism to blend in with its environment is ________.
a) camouflage b) mimicry
____ 22.
This is a technique in which the human breeder selects particular traits.
a) natural selection b) directional selection c) artificial selection
____ 23.
The primitive Earth atmosphere was hypothesized to have consisted mostly of _________.
a) oxygen, nitrogen, and water vapor b) hydrogen, methane, ammonia, and water vapor c) amino acids, ATP,
carbohydrates, and oxygen
____ 24.
The idea that life arises only from life is referred to as ________.
a) biogenesis b) mitosis c) spontaneous generation d) oogenesis
____ 25.
The hypothesis that life began in the oceans was originated by _______.
a) Redi b) Pasteur c) Oparin d) Miller and Urey
Evolution and Natural Selection
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS:
2. ANS:
3. ANS:
4. ANS:
5. ANS:
6. ANS:
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8. ANS:
9. ANS:
10.
11.
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14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
A
A
C
D
B
B
B
C
A
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DIF:
DIF:
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DIF:
B
B
B
B
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DIF:
C
A
A
B
C
C
C
A
B
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A
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B
B
B
B
DIF:
DIF:
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DIF:
B
B
B
B
B
B