Respiratory
System
Chapter 4
Perry C. Hanavan, Au.D.
Question
What is the function the respiratory system?
A. Absorb moisture
B. Breathing
C. Speech
D. All the above
E. B and C
Function
• Life support
– Exchange CO2 with O2
• Speech
– Energy source
Question
What is the thorax?
A. Mouth
B. Lungs
C. Chest
D. Abdomen
E. Throat
Question
What is the function of the alveoli?
A. Exchange N2 with O2
B. Exchange CO2 with O2
C. Exchange CO2 with H20
D. Exchange N2 with H2O2
E. None of these make sense?
Question
Which lung do you think might be larger?
A. Right
B. Left
C. Neither
D. Does it matter
Question
What is the major muscle of respiration?
A. Internal intercostals
B. External intercostals
C. Neck muscles
D. Diaphragm
E. Internal respiratory muscle
Basic Components
• Thoracic cavity
– Rib cage
– Spinal column
• Neck
– Muscles
– Pharynx
– Larynx
• Abdomen
– Muscles
– Viscera
Spinal Column
• Spinal Column
• Abnormal column
Thorax
•
•
•
•
•
Gross Anatomy
X-ray of thorax
Pleura
Breathing animations
Respiratory muscles
Lungs
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•
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Gross Anatomy
Alveoli
Alveoli Air Pressure
Lung Model
Breathing
Healthy vs. Unhealthy Lungs
Spirometer
Question
Can you exhale all the air in your lungs?
True
False
Lung Volumes & Capacities
Lung Volumes:
•TV
•IRV
•ERV
•RV
Lung Capacities:
•VC
•FRC
•TLC
Question
The air you normally breath in and out is:
A. VC
B. TV
C. IRV
D. TLC
Question
All the air in you lungs is:
A. VC
B. TV
C. IRV
D. TLC
Lung Volumes and Vital Capacity
Speech Breathing
• More complex than quiet breathing
– Coordination of breathing with linguistic
utterances
• Appropriate place to inhale
• Appropriate amount of air to inhale & exhale
• Prosodic variations
Question
Average number of breaths per minute in an
adult:
A. 40-60
B. 20-40
C. 12-18
D. 1-12
E. More than 60
Lung Developmental Changes
Lung Developmental Changes
Lung Developmental Changes
Life vs. Speech Breathing
• Life
–
–
–
–
• Speech
Nose
Inhale 40% of time
Exhale 60% of time
10 % of vital capacity
– Muscles of thorax and
diaphragm
exhale
inhale
–
–
–
–
Mouth
Inhale 10% of time
Exhale 90% of time
20-25 % of vital
capacity
– Thoracic and
abdominal muscles
exhale
in
In speech breathing we inhale:
A. 10 percent of the time
B. 40 percent of the time
C. 60 percent of the time
D. 90 percent of the time
E. 50 percent of the time
In life breathing we exhale:
A. 10 percent of the time
B. 60 percent of the time
C. 40 percent of the time
D. 90 percent of the time
E. 50 percent of the time
Patterns
Measurement Devices
• Pneumatochograph used
to measure airflow
• Plethysmograph suit
monitors the movements
of both the abdomen and
ribcage
• Magnetometer is two coils
of wire which generate an
electromagnetic field
Diseases
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Parkinson's disease
Cerebellar disease
Cerebral palsy
Mechanical ventilation
Voice problems
Hearing problems