Name ____________________________________
Pre-Lab Activity - Turn in at the beginning of lab
1. Describe anatomical position.
2. In anatomy classes, what does the term “section” refer to?
3. The three major planes for sections of the human body are frontal, transverse and
_____________________
4. Observing the Human Torso Model
Pictures of torsos similar, but not identical to those in the lab manual (Figure 2.7) are
printed below. Match the letters on the two torso figures with the terms below.
Additional lab manual references are listed after the organ. 7 points
_____ brain
_____ large intestine
_____ descending or abdominal
_____ liver
aorta (Lab Manual Figure.
_____ lungs
32.4)
_____ small intestine
_____ esophagus
_____ stomach
_____ heart
_____ superior vena cava (Lab
_____ inferior vena cava (Lab
Manual Figure 32.11)
_____ kidneys
Manual Figure 32.4)
_____ trachea
_____ urinary bladder
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
End of Pre-lab Activity
Lab 1
The Language of Anatomy
Exercise 1
Introduction
This lab is designed to introduce you to some of the terminology used in Anatomy and
Physiology and give you general overview of the organization of the body and the
location of some of the major organs.
In your packet of course materials under Lab 8 - Lab Exam I, there is a Review Sheet
for the first lab exam, which lists what you are responsible for on the lab exam from each
laboratory exercise. Use the Review Sheet as a guide as you study the lab material in this
class.
Some of the terminology you will have to learn on your own. For example, the terms in
Figure 1.2 in the lab manual are important parts of the vocabulary and are not covered
completely in this review exercise. You will see which terms are required by looking at
the Review Sheet.
As you begin your study of Anatomy and
Physiology, you will be using many drawings,
photographs, and models. In order to describe body
parts and their relationship to each other accurately
you will need to learn the standard body position,
called anatomical position. In anatomical position
the body is erect, face forward, feet together, arms at
the side and palms forward. It is basically standing
at attention with the palms forward. See page 1 in
the lab manual for more information.
No matter what way the body or a body part is
drawn, the description is always based on
anatomical position. For example, if you stand in a
relaxed position with your arms at your side, your
thumb is still described as lateral to your pinky
finger, even if in the relaxed position it seems to be
medial.
Anatomical Position
How to Proceed
Some parts of this exercise are Pre-lab Activities that must be handed in before lab
begins, some are in-lab activities – and are called Activity Sheets. Some parts of the
exercise are Review Exercises and should be done at home. Activity Sheets and Review
Exercises are both due the next time you come to lab, so that usually gives you a week to
complete the work.
Name____________________________
Lab Section ________________
Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology, Microscope Review and
Organ Systems Overview
Activity Sheet – Turn in at the next lab
Label at the ends of the leader lines: (Print the labels)
Arm
Iris diaphragm
Ocular lens
Base
Mechanical Stage
Rotating nosepiece
Coarse adjustment knob
Mechanical stage
Condenser lens
Fine adjustment knob
controls
Objective lens
Watch the 3 short videos at the following URLs (There is a link to these sites on my web
site under A&PI) and answer the following questions:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fVo0amhqQyg&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vGwkn3tuUJw&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sEOyRzisJCo&feature=related
a. Describe the correct way to carry a microscope.
b. Describe the role of the iris diaphragm.
c. Describe the correct way to focus a microscope. Include lens, specimen placement,
and adjustment knobs in your description. 3 points
d. What is meant by parfocal and how does it relate to focusing the microscope?
Terminology
A. Using Correct Anatomical Terminology. (Use page 4 in the lab manual as a
reference.)
1. The wrist is _________________ to the hand.
2. The trachea is _________________ to the spine.
3. The brain is _________________ to the spinal cord.
4. The kidneys are _________________ aorta and inferior vena cava.
5. The nose is _________________ to the cheekbones.
6. The thumb is _________________ to the ring finger.
7. The thorax is _________________ to the abdomen.
8. The skin is _________________ to the skeleton
Planes and Sections
B. Observing Sectioned Specimens. ( Use pages 5 and 6 in the lab manual as a
reference.)
This will help you understand how important it is for you to know what type of section
you are looking at in order to understand what you are seeing.
1. Use the Pla-Doh and the cookie cutter to make three sample shapes for your group,
each about ½ inch thick. (One for each member of the group) Use the tip of a pen
or pencil to indicate eyes, nose and mouth on each.
2. Using the scalpel, cut the first model along the frontal plane.
4. Using the scalpel, cut the second model along the median or midsagittal plane.
5. Using the scalpel, cut the third model along a transverse plane.
6. Illustrate how you made the cut and draw the appearance of the cut surface of each
kidney model. Look at the sample to understand what cut surface means.
Here is an example using an apple and a transverse cut.
How the cut is made.
The shape of the cut surface.
Note: this is different from how the
cut is made
Arrows – Use to indicate how you made the cut.
Transverse
Sagittal
Frontal
Frontal Plane
Using arrows, illustrate how you made the cut.
Draw the shape of the cut surface.
Transverse Plane
Using arrows, illustrate how you made the cut.
Draw the shape of the cut surface.
Median or Midsagittal Plane
Using arrows, illustrate how you made the cut.
Draw the shape of the cut surface..
7. Return the Pla-Doh to the container.
8. Wash and dry the scalpel and return it to the tray.
C. Major Organs and Cavities of the Body
There are two torso models in the lab. The same company made them, but at different
times, so the numbering is not the same on both of them. The newer torso looks a bit
more purple than the older torso. There are keys to the torsos in the drawers of the
torso carts. Please do not remove the torsos from the carts. There is also a torso in
the ARC, which is identical to the older torso in the lab.
Using your text and the keys, identify the following organs on the torso. Figures 32.4
and 32.11 in the lab manual will help with the aorta and venae cavae (vena cavas).
Check off each item as you identify it.
 brain
 liver
 descending aorta
 lungs
 esophagus
 small intestine
 heart
 stomach
 inferior vena cava
 superior vena cava
 kidneys
 trachea
 large intestine
 urinary bladder
Review Exercises - Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
Exercise 1 in the Lab Manual
A
B
C
D
E
F
J
G
I
H
1. Match the letters on the figure with the terms below.
____ abdominal cavity
____ abdominopelvic cavity
____ cranial cavity
____ diaphragm
____ superior mediastinum
____ pelvic cavity
____ pericardial cavity
____ pleural cavity
____ vertebral cavity
____ ventral body cavity
2. Match the letters on the figure with the terms:
____abdominal cavity
____ cranial cavity
____ diaphragm
____ dorsal body cavity
____ pelvic cavity
____ vertebral cavity
____ thoracic cavity
B
A
G
A
D
E
C
F
G
A
B
C
3. Match the letters on the top figure with the terms below:
____ frontal plane
_____ transverse plane
____ median or midsagittal plane
.
4. Refer to the MRI scans above for this question:
a. is a ______________section of the torso.
b. is a ______________section of the torso.
c. is a ______________section of the torso.
5. Complete the following sentences:
The term section refers to a __________ along a plane. Sections take their names
from the kind of cut that has been made. (frontal section, sagittal section, transverse
section etc.) Frontal and sagittal sections are sometimes called long or longitudinal
sections, while transverse sections are called cross sections.
A frontal plane divides the body into ________________________________parts . A
cut on this plane is called a frontal or ________________________section.
A sagittal plane divides the body into ______________________________parts . If it
is exactly in the middle it is called a median or _______________________ plane. If
it is not at the midline, it is called a _______________________ plane. A general
term for a cut along the sagittal plane is sagittal section. Sometimes this cut is also
called a ___________________________section.
A transverse plane divides the body into ___________________________parts . A
transverse section is a horizontal section and is also called a ___________________
section.
Look at the figures below and label each one either a long or longitudinal section or
a cross section. You may have to look up the spinal cord muscles and nerves in the
lab manual to help you decide. Additionally, indicate whether the brain and torso are
frontal, sagittal or transverse sections.
Spinal cord _____________ section
Skeletal muscle _______________ section
Nerve ______________________ section
Skeletal muscle ___________ section
Brain ______________ section
and also a _______________section
Torso ________________ section
and also a_______________ section
6. Identifying Organs in the Abdominopelvic Cavity
a. Label the four quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity. Print the labels in the margins
at the ends of the leader lines.
b. Name the quadrant or quadrants where the major part of each of the organs below is
(are) found.
Liver
____________________________________
Small intestine
____________________________________
Large intestine
____________________________________
Stomach
____________________________________
Urinary Bladder
____________________________________
9. Indicate which organs (or major parts of the organs) are found in each region.
Right hypochondriac
_________________________
_________________________
Left hypochondriac
_________________________
Epigastric
________________________
Right lumbar
________________________
Left lumbar
________________________
Umbilical
________________________
________________________
Right iliac (inguinal)
________________________
Left iliac (inguinal)
________________________
Hypogastric (pubic)
________________________
_________________________