Chapter 1 Review
Test Tomorrow!
Bring a pencil!
1. What is biology? What topics would you study in biology?
– Study of life and living organisms
– Examples of what we study in bio: animals, plants, bacteria, genetics, cell division,
ecology, evolution
2. List and describe the 8 characteristics of life (use your notes).
• Cell Structure and Function
– All living organisms are made up of cells (Unicellular or Multicellular)
– Multicellular organisms' cells become differentiated and develop into specialized tissues
– "Form fits Function"
•
Organization
– Cells are organized, different cells/organelles/tissues/organs have different functions but
work together to make a fully functional system
• Matter, Energy and Organization
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All organisms made up of matter and need a constant energy source
Autotroph - makes own food energy (producers)
Heterotroph - consumes other organisms for food energy (consumers)
Metabolism - all energy using/producing reactions in the body
• Growth
– All organisms grow and need energy to grow
– Grow because of cell division and cell enlargement
– Use nutrients from food to build new cells
• Reproduction
– Essential to the survival of the species; produce organisms like themselves since the
offspring inherits the parents' DNA
– Asexual – offspring inherits DNA from one parent, identical to parent (unless mutation)
– Sexual – offspring inherits DNA from both parents, not identical to either parent
• Evolution
– Species' genes change over many generations;
– DNA/genes change because of changes in enviro or mutations
• Interdependence of Organisms
– All species are dependent on each other, no species can survive without other species
• Stability and Homeostasis
– Homeostasis - stable, internal living conditions
– Stable internal conditions not the same for all species
– If homeostasis is altered, can interfere with functioning of cell/body
3. List the steps of the scientific method in order.
• Observations – organize, research, use senses, take measurements
• Hypothesis – basis for experiment, question form, has to be testable,
make prediction
• Experiment – 2 groups (control/experiment), only test one
variable/factor at a time
• Results – analyze data, can trust data?, does support hypothesis?
• Theory – evidence based explanation for phenomena
4. What is a hypothesis?
– Question about a problem you’ve observed
– Basis for experiment, has to be testable
– Usually make a prediction about what is causing the
problem
5. Why does a scientific experiment need a control group?
(know difference between control & experimental group)
– Need to have control group so you can compare the results of the
experimental group with results that would happen “normally”
– Control – does not have experimental factor
– Experimental group – exposed to the experimental factor
6. How many experimental factors should be in a properly
designed scientific experiment and why?
– Only ONE!!! B/c if you test more than one factor at a time, you won’t
know what caused the results
7. What is the difference between the experimental factor
and the independent variable?
– Nothing! Experimental factor – new variable being tested, same as
independent variable
– Dependent variable – what you’re hoping will be affected by the
experimental factor.
8. What should you do during the results step?
– Analyze data, can you trust the data?
– Does it support your hypothesis?
9. What is a theory? Are scientific theories the same
as a scientific fact?
– Evidence based explanation for how/why something
happens
– Believed to be true by majority of people, based on evidence
from scientific tests
– NO, not a fact! Can be proven wrong as new data comes out
10. What are the SI base units for measuring length,
mass, time, volume and temperature?
- Length: meter (m)
- Time: second (s)
- Mass: gram (g)
- Temperature: Celsius ( C)
11. Why was the SI system invented?
– To have a universal measuring system for the whole world to
use
12. Describe how the SI system works.
– Different base unit to describe what you’re measuring
– Add prefixes to base term to change value
– Each prefix is a multiple of 10
• Autotroph – Organism that makes its own energy/food, most
use energy from sun to make food, aka producers; Examples:
plants, algae, some bacteria
• Control Group – Group that serves as a standard for
comparison, the “normal” group, not exposed to experimental
factor
• Dependent Variable – The factor you are measuring,
changed by the experimental factor
• Experimental Factor – The factor you are changing, the
independent variable
• Experimental Group – Group you are performing the
experiment on, has the experimental factor
• Heterotroph – Organism that uses other organisms for
energy/food source, aka “consumer”; Example – animals,
fungus, protists, some bacteria, rare plants
• Homeostasis – Stable internal living conditions
• Magnification – Increase of an object’s apparent size
• Multicellular – Many celled organism, Cells are
differentiated (specialized); Example – animal, plant,
fungus
• Resolution – Clarity of the enlarged image, amount of
details shown
• Scientific Method – Process scientists follow when
conducting an experiment
• Unicellular – Single celled organism; Example – bacteria,
protist, algae
• Know parts of the microscope.
• Know how to calculate total magnification of a
microscope.
– Eyepiece is 10x
– Multiply eyepiece magnification with
magnification in the objective lens
– Example: If the objective lens is 20X, the total
magnification is:
• 20x x 10x (eyepiece) = 200x Total magnification
• 35x x 10x (eyepiece) = 350x Total magnification