Study Guide Answers
Cells and Microbiology
1. If you want to center/improve the image in the eyepiece view, what do you do with
the slide/microscope if it looks like this? (and…can you name the mini celebrities?)
Justin –
move slide down.
Jackie –
open diaphragm.
Beyonce –
move slide up and to
left.
2. What is the magnification of the eyepiece?
The magnification of the eyepiece is 10X.
3. If the objective lens you are using has a magnification power of _____, what is the
TOTAL MAGNIFICATION?
Objective lens magnification
10x
500x
25x
TOTAL magnification (how did you figure this out?)
Multiply the eyepiece (10X) times the objective
lens (10X) = 100X.
Multiply the eyepiece (10X) times the objective
lens (500X) = 5000X.
Multiply the eyepiece (10X) times the objective
lens (25X) = 250X.
4. Describe something important each scientist discovered/studied:
Scientist
Time
Zacharias Janssen
Late 1500s Invented the first compound microscope.
Robert Hooke
Mid-1600s Discovered ‘cells’ when looking at cork under a
microscope.
Late-1600s Discovered bacteria and single-cell organisms.
Anton van
Leeuwenhoek
Matthias Schleiden
Theodor Schwann
Rudolf Virchow
Discovery/Area of study
Mid-1800s Co-developed the cell theory.
Eye Piece
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Body Tube
Nose Piece
Arm
Low Power Obj.
Med. Power Obj.
High Power Obj.
Stage
Stage Clips
Course Adjustment
Diaphragm
Fine Adjustment
Light Source
Base
6. Draw an image of the cork cells Robert Hooke saw (hint: you did this in the ABCs of
life…was there anything inside?). Robert Hooke saw empty blocks that he named ‘cells’.
7. What is the most basic unit of all living things?
The most basic unit of living things is a cell.
8. Know the three scientists who developed cell theory: Matthias Schleiden,
Theodor Schwann, Rudolf Virchow. Come up with a way to remember their
names. Answers will vary.
9. First, write the three main concepts of cell theory. Then, draw a picture
that illustrates them.
a. All living things are made up of at least one cell.
b.Cells come from other cells.
c. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in a living organism.
10.From smallest to largest, what is the organization of life?
_Cells_  _Tissues_  _Organs_  _Organ Systems_  _Organism_
1. Identify each protist.
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2. Using a ruler, draw a line and label each protist’s special feature.
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3. Describe the function of each special feature.
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A
B
C
D
A – Volvox live in colonies.
B – Paramecium use cilia which are small hairs to move through water.
C – Amoeba use pseudopods which are temporary feet to crawl through water.
D – Euglena use flagella which are tail-like whips to move through water.
E – Spirogyra are filled with ribbons of chloroplasts to conduct photosynthesis.
E
14. Explain the following statement and use examples from the last question:
“Protists are extremely diverse.”
Protists are diverse because their shapes, behaviors, and organelles are
very different. Some protists are more similar to animals (amoeba) while
others are more plant-like (spirogyra). They each have a special feature
(volvox colony) to help them survive in watery environment.
15. What is the difference between a prokaryotic organism and a eukaryotic
organism? Give an example of each.
Prokaryotic organisms lack a nucleus such as bacteria. Eukaryotic
organisms have a nucleus which holds the DNA. Eukaryotic organisms
include plants, animals, and fungi.
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1.
Make a Venn diagram for what makes a plant cells and animal cells both different and similar.
Plant:
 Boxy shape
 Uses
chloroplasts for
photosynthesis
 Has a cell wall
 1 vacuole
Animal:
Both:
 Have a nucleus
 Filled with
cytoplasm
 Have a cell
membrane
 Irregular shape
 Must get
glucose from
another source
 Many small
vacuoles
17.What will ALL cells have in common (both prokaryotic and eukaryotic)?
All cells will have cytoplasm and a cell membrane.
18.List the cell organelles we have studied in the chart next screen:
Cell organelle
Nucleus
What does it do?
If the CELL is a COUNTRY, what would
this organelle be?
Golgi body
Cytoplasm
Control Center
Transportation
Packaging
Fills (populates) cell
Capital city
Interstate system
Postal service
Citizens
Nucleolus
Chromatin
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Where plans are made
Rules
Controls access to city
City Limits
Break down waste
Storage
Energy production
Create energy
Congress
Constitution
Border patrol
Walls, fences, rivers, oceans along borders
Environmental protection agency
Dumps
Power plants (nuclear, coal, solar, etc)
Solar panels
Endoplasmic reticulum
19. Why is a muscle cell long and flexible? Why is a nervous cell so
looooooong? Why do blood cells have no nucleus and the specific
bowl shape they have? Why are they all not the same? How does
cell form related to cell functions.
Cells have shapes and features that are designed to do specific
jobs. This is called specialization. Each cell has a specific job and
it is shaped to do that job well.
Ingestion
Taking in material into a cell
or organism.
Digestion
Respiration
Regulation
Mitochondria use oxygen and
glucose to create energy for the
cell.
The cell or organism must
return to a ‘normal’ state
after changing due to
changes in the environment
or organism. EX: yawning
helps bring in extra oxygen
when you do not have
enough in your blood
Breaking down food to release
glucose that will be used later
to create energy.
Reproduction
Making new organisms to
continue the species or
copying cells to replace ones
that have been lost.
Transport
Moving materials in, out, or
around a cell or organism.
Excretion
The cell or organism gets rid of
wastes.
Photosynthesis (do all
organisms have this
process?)
This life process only
happens in plants when they
use chloroplasts to create
glucose using the Sun’s
energy.