Chapter 21: A Dividing Nation
Which events of the mid-1800s kept the nation
together and which events pulled it apart?
Chapter 21: A Dividing Nation
EQ : Which events of the mid-1800s kept the
nation together and which events pulled it apart?
Learning Goals:
1. Why was ‘Confronting the Issue of Slavery’ so important for the state of Missouri?
2. How did the Missouri Compromise confront the issue of slavery and why did it fail?
3. Why was the Compromise of 1850 accepted and what caused it to fail?
4. How did the Dred Scott Decision divide the North and the South?
5. What political debates and extremist actions caused our country to go from
Compromise to Crisis?
6. How did the Election of 1860 lead to Secession?
Union
Wilmot Proviso
Dred Scott decision
Key Terms:
Missouri Compromise
Compromise of 1850
Lincoln-Douglas debates
fugitive
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Please complete your pre-rankings in your packet.
Geography Skills: Complete pages 1, 2, & 3 in packet.
1. There were 30 states in mid-1850: 15 slave states and 15 free states.
2. Of the original 13 states, 6 (Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Virginia) were slave states and 7 (Connecticut,
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York,
Pennsylvania) were free states.
3. Of the first 5 states added to the Union following the original 13 states, 3
(Kentucky, Tennessee, Louisiana) were slave states and 2 (Vermont and Ohio)
were free states. This made 9 slave states and 9 free states in 1812.
4. The next 6 states were Indiana (1816), Mississippi (1817), Illinois (1818),
Alabama (1819), Maine (1820), and Missouri (1821). Indiana, Illinois, and Maine
were free states; Mississippi, Alabama, and
Missouri were slave states.
5. Students should notice that Congress was either alternating between free and
slave states or admitting states in pairs—one free state followed by one slave state.
This kept the free and slave states equal in number and gave the North and South
the same number of votes in the Senate.
6. The admission of Arkansas and Michigan did follow the pattern set between
1816 and 1821, because one was a slave state and the other was a free state.
7. Two states (Florida and Texas) were slave states and two (Iowa and Wisconsin)
were free states.
8. The Senate remained balanced, with 30 senators from the 15 slave states and 30
senators from the 15 free states.
9. Of the slave states, Virginia had the most votes
(15). Three free states (New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio) had more votes than
Virginia.
10. The North controlled the House of Representatives in mid-1850.
Critical Thinking
11. Because the numbers of free and slave states were balanced at 15 each,
California’s admission would give either the free states or the slave states control
of the Senate.
Preview/Introduction
1. What do you think the "house" in Lincoln's statement represents?
2. What might be dividing this “house”?
3. What do you think Lincoln meant by this statement?
1. The “house” in Lincoln’s warning was the Union.
2. The issue dividing the “house” was slavery.
“A house divided against
itself cannot stand.”
--Abe Lincoln
Preview/Introduction
• Lincoln issued this warning to the nation three years before the
start of the Civil War.
• His words reveals the tensions that developed between the North
and the South throughout the 1800s.
1. The “house” in Lincoln’s warning was the Union.
2. The issue dividing the “house” was slavery.
Chapter 21 Key Terms
1. Union
2. Missouri Compromise
3. Fugitive
4. Wilmot Proviso
5. Compromise of 1850
6. Kansas-Nebraska Act
7. Dred Scott Decision
8. Lincoln-Douglass Debates
Chapter 21: A Dividing Nation
EQ : Which events of the mid-1800s kept the
nation together and which events pulled it apart?
Learning Goals:
1. Why was ‘Confronting the Issue of Slavery’ so important for the state of Missouri?
2. How did the Missouri Compromise confront the issue of slavery and why did it fail?
3. Why was the Compromise of 1850 accepted and what caused it to fail?
4. How did the Dred Scott Decision divide the North and the South?
5. What political debates and extremist actions caused our country to go from
Compromise to Crisis?
6. How did the Election of 1860 lead to Secession?
Union
Wilmot Proviso
Dred Scott decision
Key Terms:
Missouri Compromise
Compromise of 1850
Lincoln-Douglas debates
fugitive
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Please review your pre-rankings in your packet.
21.1: Read & answer the questions:
1. What was the troubling question the nation tried to avoid?
2. Why could this question no longer be ignored?
3. Why were new problems created when the nation attempted to
compromise on this question?
1. Could a nation born in freedom endure half-slave & half-free?
2. Slavery began to expand into new territories.
3. Each compromise created more divisions an problems and
slavery was a moral issue and not just a political issue.
The United States, 1819
11
How many slave states?
How many free states?
Why would the
Missouri’s statehood
cause a problem?
How would
You solve this problem?
11
Missouri Compromise of 1820:
What has changed?
Maine=Free State
36-30=Slavery banned
N or this line.
Missouri=Slave State
21.2: Label your map to show how the
Northwest Ordinance regulated slavery.
1. Trial by jury.
2. Public education.
3. Freedom of
religion.
4. Banned slavery.
21.2Arguments of Missouri’s Statehood
Congress does not have
the right to decide if
slavery should be
allowed in a new state.
The people of that state
should decide.
The ban against slavery
should extend across
the Mississippi River.
Missouri should not be
a slave state because it
is N of the Ohio River
and the NW Ordinace.
William Smith
South Carolina Senator
De Witt Clinton
New York Senator
21.2: Why was it important to Southerners to keep an equal
number of senator from free states and slave states in
Congress? Mention the Tallmadge Amendment in your
answer.
1. Southerners were outnumbered in the
House of Representatives.
2. The S wanted to keep some power in the
Senate and having an = number of states
assured equality in the Senate.
3. Southerners did not want the Tallmadge
Amendment because it would have made
Missouri a free state. Thus, the N would
also control the Senate.
4. They did not have enough votes to stop it
in the House, but they did in the Senate—
thus it did not pass.
James Tallmadge:
New York House of
Representatives.
Chapter 21: A Dividing Nation
EQ : Which events of the mid-1800s kept the
nation together and which events pulled it apart?
Learning Goals:
1. Why was ‘Confronting the Issue of Slavery’ so important for the state of Missouri?
2. How did the Missouri Compromise confront the issue of slavery and why did it fail?
3. Why was the Compromise of 1850 accepted and what caused it to fail?
4. How did the Dred Scott Decision divide the North and the South?
5. What political debates and extremist actions caused our country to go from
Compromise to Crisis?
6. How did the Election of 1860 lead to Secession?
Union
Wilmot Proviso
Dred Scott decision
Key Terms:
Missouri Compromise
Compromise of 1850
Lincoln-Douglas debates
Please complete your ranking for goal #1.
Preview goal #2.
fugitive
Kansas-Nebraska Act
21.3: What were the three decisions in the
Missouri Compromise?
1. Missouri became a slave state.
2. Maine became a free state.
3. Congress drew an imaginary line
across the Louisiana Territory and declared
slavery to be banned north of the line and
allowed south of it. The 36-30 line.
Missouri Compromise Line
36-30
Do you think this will be a permanent
solution? Why/Why not?
Chapter 21: A Dividing Nation
EQ : Which events of the mid-1800s kept the
nation together and which events pulled it apart?
Learning Goals:
1. Why was ‘Confronting the Issue of Slavery’ so important for the state of Missouri?
2. How did the Missouri Compromise confront the issue of slavery and why did it fail?
3. Why was the Compromise of 1850 accepted and what caused it to fail?
4. How did the Dred Scott Decision divide the North and the South?
5. What political debates and extremist actions caused our country to go from
Compromise to Crisis?
6. How did the Election of 1860 lead to Secession?
Union
Wilmot Proviso
Dred Scott decision
Key Terms:
Missouri Compromise
Compromise of 1850
Lincoln-Douglas debates
Please complete your ranking for goal #2.
Preview goal #3.
fugitive
Kansas-Nebraska Act
21.3: John Quincy Adam’s Diary
I have decided to support the Missouri Compromise because I
believe it is the best solution we can create under the Constitution. I
am not willing to endanger the Union and possibly cause it to split.
However, if the Union does split, slavery will be the cause. For now,
the controversy is at rest.
21.4: What was J.Q. Adams 1839 antislavery
proposal? What was the gag rule, and how
did it affect his proposal?
Adams proposed a constitutional amendment stating that no one
could be born into slavery after 1845. The gag rule kept Congress
from debating slavery for ten years, so Congress refused to
consider his proposal.
21.4: How did the fugitive slave issue and
the Wilmot Proviso pull the nation apart?
Fugitive slave issue: Northerners often helped runaway slaves to
freedom. This angered Southerners, who regarded these
Northerners as thieves.
Martha
Coffin Wright
Harriet Tubman:
A.K.A.:
“Black Moses”
21.4: How did the fugitive slave issue and the
Wilmot Proviso pull the nation apart?
Wilmot Proviso: When President Polk asked for funding for the MexicanAmerican War, Representative Wilmot put a provision in the bill stating
that if we gained any land from Mexico, slavery could never be allowed
there. Southerners opposed this provision.
Congressman David Wilmot
of Pennsylvania
James Polk: A big believer in
Manifest Destiny.
21.4: Why did Northerners in Congress accept
California’s application for statehood while
Southerners rejected it?
Northerners in Congress accepted California’s application for
statehood and Southerners rejected it because California had
applied as a free state.
21.5: List four details of Henry Clay’s plan to end
the deadlock over the issue of California statehood.
1. California would be admitted as a free state.
2. New Mexico and Utah would be territories open to slavery.
3. The slave trade would end in Washington D.C., but slave owners
could keep their slaves.
4. A strong fugitive slave law would be passed.
21.5:
Write a new sentence to correct the errors in this sentence:
Northerners and Southerners easily accepted the terms of the
Compromise of 1850 and put their suspicions to rest once it had
been passed.
It took nine months of argument to pass the Compromise of 1850,
and many Southerners were still wary of it.
*Northerners ignored the strong fugitive slave law.
*Slavery in D.C. remained a cause of dispute w/ Northerners.
Chapter 21: A Dividing Nation
EQ : Which events of the mid-1800s kept the
nation together and which events pulled it apart?
Learning Goals:
1. Why was ‘Confronting the Issue of Slavery’ so important for the state of Missouri?
2. How did the Missouri Compromise confront the issue of slavery and why did it fail?
3. Why was the Compromise of 1850 accepted and what caused it to fail?
4. How did the Dred Scott Decision divide the North and the South?
5. What political debates and extremist actions caused our country to go from
Compromise to Crisis?
6. How did the Election of 1860 lead to Secession?
Union
Wilmot Proviso
Dred Scott decision
Key Terms:
Missouri Compromise
Compromise of 1850
Lincoln-Douglas debates
Please complete your ranking for goal #3.
Preview goal #4.
fugitive
Kansas-Nebraska Act
21.6: Fugitive Slave Act
Two Key Details
How the Event Pulled the Nation Apart
1. Captured runaway slaves had Many Northerners openly defied
almost no legal rights.
the law, which angered
2. Anyone caught helping
Southerners.
runaway slaves could be jailed.
21.6: Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Two Key Details
How the Event Pulled the Nation Apart
1. Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote
this novel after having a vision
about the abuses of slavery.
2. It was first published in a
newspaper and later as a novel.
The book made millions of
people in the North even more
angry about slavery.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin/Harriet Beecher Stowe Video
21.6: Kansas-Nebraska Act
Two Key Details
How the Event Pulled the Nation Apart
1. Southerners in Congress agreed 1. Northerners were outraged
to support the bill only if a few
and feared more territory
changes were made to it.
would be open to slavery.
2. The act abolished the Missouri 1. Both N and S flooded Kansas
Compromise and allowed the
to win the vote. This resulted
settlers to decide whether to allow
in extreme violence.
slavery.
21.6: Raid on Lawrence, Kansas
Two Key Details
How the Event Pulled the Nation Apart
1. Pro- and antislavery
Northerners raised money to
settlers poured into Kansas to send more antislavery
protect their interests in the
settlers into the region.
new territory.
2. Proslavery settlers raided
BLEEDING KANSAS.
and attacked the city of
Lawrence, the headquarters
of the antislavery movement
in Kansas.
Kansas-Nebraska Act Video
21.6: Beating of Senator Sumner
Two Key Details
How the Event Pulled the Nation Apart
1. Senator Charles Sumner protested Southerners applauded the
the violence in Kansas in a speech
criticizing prominent proslavery
leaders.
2. A nephew of one of the men
(Brooks) Sumner criticized beat him
into unconsciousness w/ a cane.
attack while Northerners were
outraged.
21.7: Why did Dred Scott argue that he
should be freed from slavery?
Dred Scott’s owner had taken him to Wisconsin, a free state. Scott
argued that his stay in a state where slavery was outlawed
made him free.
21.7: Choose and explain the two most important decisions
that came out of the Supreme Court’s Dred Scott Decision.
1. Slaves were not citizens.
2. No African American, slave or free, could become a citizen. The
Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional.
3. Banning slavery in a territory was the same as taking property
from slaveholders.
4. Congress had a constitutional responsibility to protect the
property of slaveholders in territories.
21.7 #3:
This verdict is
outrageous and
immoral! I will
not obey it!
William Lloyd Garrison:
Abolitionist Leader &
Publisher of The Liberator.
The question of slavery is
finally settled, and in our
favor. No one—
especially not
Congress—can take our
property without just
cause!
John C. Calhoun: South
Carolina. Senator and VP
of United States.
Dred Scott Video
21.8. #1
1. The debates made Abraham Lincoln famous nationwide.
2. It brought the moral issue of slavery into sharp focus.
Lincoln vs. Douglas Debate Video
21.8 #2: Why did John Brown attempt to seize the federal arsenal at
Harper’s Ferry, Virginia?
John Brown wanted to arm slaves and begin a rebellion to end
slavery.
Harper's Ferry Video
Chapter 21: A Dividing Nation
EQ : Which events of the mid-1800s kept the
nation together and which events pulled it apart?
Learning Goals:
1. Why was ‘Confronting the Issue of Slavery’ so important for the state of Missouri?
2. How did the Missouri Compromise confront the issue of slavery and why did it fail?
3. Why was the Compromise of 1850 accepted and what caused it to fail?
4. How did the Dred Scott Decision divide the North and the South?
5. What political debates and extremist actions caused our country to go from
Compromise to Crisis?
6. How did the Election of 1860 lead to Secession?
Union
Wilmot Proviso
Dred Scott decision
Key Terms:
Missouri Compromise
Compromise of 1850
Lincoln-Douglas debates
Please complete your ranking for goal #5.
Preview goal #6.
fugitive
Kansas-Nebraska Act
21.9 #1: The Charleston Mercury Headline
November 8th,
“Lincoln Wins! South Is Powerless!”
21.9 #2: What happened in the South on each of these dates?
December 20, 1860: South Carolina seceded from the Union.
February, 1861: Seven states have seceded from the
Confederate States of America.
21.9: #3: What did Lincoln state about secession in his inaugural address on
March 4, 1861? What was his appeal to the rebellious Southern states?
Lincoln stated that secession is wrong and unconstitutional. He
appealed to the rebellious Southern states to return in peace.
21.9 #4 New York Tribune Headline
April 14, 1861
“Rebels Attack Fort Sumter! War Will Restore the Union!”
Fort Sumter
Fort Sumter Animated Battle Map
How many people were killed in the Battle at Fort Sumter?
Video Summary of Events Leading
to Civil War