Population
Studies
In 1999, 600 million children in the world lived in poverty
– 50 million more than in 1990
United Nations
Do you know?
According to papers published by the United States Census
Bureau, the world population hit 6.5 billion (6,500,000,000)
on February 25, 2006. It is estimated that by 2012, the Earth
will be home to 7 billion. The United Nations Population
Fund designated October 12, 1999 as the approximate day
on which world population reached 6 billion. This was about
12 years after world population reached 5 billion, in 1987.
In 2007 the United Nations Population Division projected
that the world's population will likely surpass 9 billion in
2050. The last 50 years have seen a rapid increase in
population due to medical advances and substantial
increase in agricultural productivity, particularly in the period
1960 to 1995 made by the Green Revolution. (Source:
World Population at 2008
6.7 billion
Now?
Source: The Straits Times (11 Jul 2008)
Top 10 countries with largest
population (millions) – 2008
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
China
India
U.S
Indonesia
Brazil
Pakistan
Bangladesh
Nigeria
Russia
Japan
1330.0
1148.0
303.8
237.5
191.9
167.8
153.5
146.3
140.7
127.3
Source: The Straits Times (11 Jul 2008)
Birth Rate and Death Rate
(per day)
• In one day all over the
world, an estimated
369,755 people are
born and 150,835 die.
• 218,920 people are
added to the global
population daily
• http://www.worldometers.inf
o/
Source: The Straits Times (11 Jul 2008)
Rural Urban Migration
• Urban populations continue to expand, adding
pressure to resources and the environment
Source: The Straits Times (11 Jul 2008)
Top 10 most densely populated countries
and territories (humans/sq km)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Monaco
Macau
Singapore
Hong Kong
Gibraltar
Vatican City
Malta
Maldives
Bermuda
Bahrain
16818
16341
6652
6427
4308
1873
1277
1264
1248
1080
Source: The Straits Times (11 Jul 2008)
Why study
Population?
How land is used
The amount of pressure on natural
resources
PLANNING – how govt formulate
policies
How people interact with one another
Terminologies
Terminologies
Birth rate (BR)
Number of live births per 1000 people in the
population per year
X per thousand
What are the reasons for low and high BR?
Death rate (DR)
Number of deaths per 1000 people in the population
per year
Y per thousand
What are the reasons for high and low DR?
Terminologies

Infant Mortality (IM)


Number of infants who die before
reaching one year of age per 1000 live
births per year
Natural increase (NI)/rate of natural
increase
•
NI = BR – DR (per thousand)
•
NI is +ve means …
•
NI is –ve means …

Terminologies
Replacement level
It is the level of fertility at which a given population is
replacing itself
•
Life expectancy (LE)

No of years a person is expected to live from time to
time
•

Dependency Ratio
o
the ratio of the number of economically non-active to
the number of economically active people in the
country
How long are you expected to
live?
Total Population
Change
Birth Rate
Immigration
TOTAL
POPULATION
CHANGE
Death Rate

Emigration
Population Growth = natural increase +
Population
Explosion
World’s Population
Trend
Regional Population
Trend

Population
Explosion
Until about 200 years ago, population growth
was slow.


Since then, there had been an enormous
increase (previous graph).
Population Explosion: sudden and great
increase in world’s population.

Rate of increase has become exponential.

Check out the world population clock at
http://www.ibiblio.org/lunarbin/worldpop
Pair share
Suggest reasons for high birth
rates
Causes
High BR - Parents want children
for labour especially in agricultural
societies
to look after them in old age
to continue the family name
for added status in the community
to replace children who have died (high
infant mortality rate)
Pair share
Suggest reasons for low death
rates
Causes
Low DR
clean water is available
access to food supply
improve hygiene and sanitation
better vaccinations and healthcare
rising standards of living