Unit 5
Working World
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Over the next few weeks …
We are going to be looking at the world of work
Today we are going to look at a way to classify
the types of jobs people do
In the coming weeks we will look at farming
So today we will start by classify the tye of
farms there are
Later on, we will be looking at MEDCs – more
economically developed countries and at LEDCs –
less economically developed countries to see how
they farm
Also at sustainability – how the way people farm
can ensure that they will be able to go on using
the land productively in the future
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But now we are
going to classify
economic activity
into groups
This is how we sort out the
types of jobs people do
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Introduction
What do we need?
We need food, metals and wood from the earth
We need these to make things with
We need schools and shops and hospitals and
people to run the country and activities to keep
us entertained in out free time
These are all classified as different kinds of
economic activity or industries.
Industries are classified according to the type
of jobs the majority of people who work for
them do.
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Classifying industry
Primary industries involve raw materials
Raw materials are anything that is naturally present in or on the
Earth before we process it (change it in anyway at all to make other
things)
Raw materials can be quarried, mined, drilled, grown or collected.
What might be quarried? Mined? Drilled? Grown? Collected?
Most of these are supplied to other industries – Birds Eye peas –
from the pod to the factory processing them in less than 12 hours
they say
But some will go directly to the consumer, e.g. fish bought on the
key-side in places like Cornwall, or through farmers markets.
What are these people doing?
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Classifying industry
Secondary industries is manufacturing a product
They use raw materials and components (parts already
made) from elsewhere to manufacture or assemble other
things. Can you think of a component a car factory might
need?
Most of these are supplied to other industries that pass
them to the consumer
A lot of this kind of work is done in factories but some
is carried out in small workshops, like a blacksmith for
example. Are there any secondary industries near you?
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More about secondary industry
There are different kinds of secondary
industry:
Heavy industry: involves large quantities of
materials, such steel-making, shipbuilding, car
manufacturers and petrochemicals.
These used to be the core of work in the
Midlands and North of England and the
industrial regions of France Germany and around
the Great lakes in the USA. This was because
they were close to the raw materials – but this
is no longer true – most of these items are now
produced more cheaply elsewhere.
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More about secondary industry –
keywords!
There is light industry. This is the manufacture
of products that are light in bulk and use small
amounts of raw materials
E.g. small domestic appliances, food processing,
clothes.
Then there is high tech industry Manufacturing involving advanced technology,
such as the making of microchips and computers.
It also includes genetic engineering,
communications and information technology.
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Classifying industry
Tertiary industries provide goods and services
to the public – often known as the service
sector. What do these pictures show?
Can you think of any others?
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Classifying industry
We now have a small new fourth or quaternary
industrial sector. These are the inventors, the
scientists and technologists that design the new
things.
They are the specialists who advise people and
organisations.
They provide information and expertise.
Do you know anyone who does this?
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So which are these do you think?
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In the UK
This is the pattern of
the kinds of places
people work
What do you notice
about:
Primary industry?
Secondary industry
Tertiary industry
Why do you think
that is? Do you think
all countries are like
this?
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In the UK
Even in a short time, it has changed. What
do you notice? Why do you think that
might be?
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Ethiopia
How is Ethiopia different from the UK in 2000?
Primary Industry?
Secondary Industry?
Tertiary Industry?
Why do you think that is?
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India
How is India different from the UK in 2000?
Primary Industry?
Secondary Industry?
Tertiary Industry?
Why do you think that is?
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Next to classify
types of farm
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Farms can be grouped in several ways
What kind of things do they produce?
Do they do it mostly to make money or to
feed themselves?
Do they have a small plot of land that
produces a lot or do they have a large area
which does not produce very much?
Do they stay in one place or move around?
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An arable farm is
..one that grows crops and does not have any
(or at least not many) animals
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A pastoral farm is
..one that keeps animals in fields and does not grow
many crops, except maybe hay, silage and winter
feed crops for the animals
This farm is in Dorset
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A mixed farm is
..one that
keeps
animals in
fields and
grows crops
as well
These
pictures are
from Devon
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Most UK, European and US farms are
intensive
This means that there is a high output from a
little land
A large corporate farm in North America
producing food and fibre only for sale
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Other places like Australia and parts of South
America have extensive farms
This means that there is a low output from a lot
land. This is because the land is poor and the
climate too dry to grow more plants or feed
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Most European farms are commercial
farms
They make a profit from selling their produce
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A few European farms and many in poorer
countries are subsistence farms
They produce food for the family, and not
usually much for sale
This is a small subsistence farm on the Costa
del Sol in Spain
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Nearly all farmers work their own land. They are
sedentary
This means they stay in one
place.
This is Eseme Udoekong’
sedentary farm in Nigeria
He says, ‘This planting
season I've been combining
my teaching work with
subsistence farming.’
http://www.bbc.co.uk/africa
lives/myafrica/blogs/00500
9/archive/2005/05.shtml
Eseme Udoekong’ is a
subsistence farmer
What is that?
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But some farmers, especially in poorer countries,
are nomadic
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These are the reindeer!
A reindeer herd browses near
a Koryak camp in northern
Kamchatka.
The reindeer are semidomesticated, and a couple of
Koryaks can keep the herd
under control with whistles
and gestures.
They do the work of cowboys,
but all from on foot.
Two or three related families
follow the herd with their
tents and a few horses, which
shoulder the heavier gear
when their owners must move
camp.
The Koryak get their food,
clothing, tent materials, and
most everything else they need
from the reindeer.
As well as being nomads they
practice ____ farming?
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Can you match the word to the activity?
(more than one word applies)
Farmer growing wheat in
East Anglia
Maasai Tribesmen of S.
Kenya who follow their
cattle from the plains in
the dry season to the
hills in the wet season
Organic farmer producing
fruit and vegetables and
has some free range hens
Eseme Udoekong’s farm in
Nigeria
arable
pastoral
mixed
intensive
extensive
commercial
subsistence
sedentary
nomadic
Each farm
will be
linked
1 purple,
1 blue,
1 red and
1 green
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