Motivation
By Mark
Motivation

Introduction


What is motivation?
Maslow and his hierarchy of needs.


Each level of the hierarchy
Your turn


Herberg and his two factor theory


What is the difference between a motivator and a hygiene factor?
Your turn


Writing topic
Conversation topic
Summary
What is motivation?

Motivation is the study of what makes people become more
productive at work. From the pioneer of management, Frederick
Taylor in the early part of the twentieth century, who believed
employees where motivated purely by money alone, that they did
not enjoy work and needed close supervision, through to the work of
Elton Mayo who started to appreciate the social complexity of what
motivated people, through to the work of Maslow and Herzberg.
Motivation is the study of the psychology of what makes people want
to go to work and be productive when they get there.

In this short presentation I will concentrate on the work of Abraham
Maslow and the hierarchy of needs, and Fredrick Herzberg’s two
factor theory of motivation.
Maslow’s Hierarchy
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) and Fredrick
Herzberg (1923-) introduced the neo
human relations school of motivation in the
1950’s this focused on the psychological
needs of employees.
The first of these needs is physiological. See if
you can think of some examples.
The next need in Maslow’s Hierarchy is
for safety and security, can you think of
examples?
The next level up when safety
and security is satisfied is social.
Can you think of some examples
of social needs?
After social comes the need for
esteem, to do with the ego and
respect from other people. What
examples could we put here?
The final stage of Maslow’s Hierarchy is said to be endless,
never being really satisfied, that is the need for selfactualisation, finding your true self through your work and
your expression, what examples can we come up with?
Your turn

Where on Maslow’s Hierarchy would you
find the following:
 Food,
a promotion, flexitime, a new car,
membership of a sports center, a new coat,
management of a new project, An increase in
the cost of borrowing, being given a bonus.
 Discuss your list with a partner.
1) See if you can think of reasons for people to be
motivated at different levels of Maslow’s hierarchy.
2) What sort of things could you do to motivate
them?
Herzberg’s two factor theory
Herzberg said some things
motivate employees, these things
tended to be job centred, i.e. how
interesting, extra responsibility,
recognition etc.
He said other things were
necessary to stop employees
being unhappy, but did not in and
of themselves make the person
work any harder, i.e. pay levels
and a safe working environment.
He recommended:
•Job enlargement
•Jog enrichment
Gillespie A. 2001
•Empowerment
Your turn

What motivates you?
 Think
back to our discussion of Herzberg and
think how this applies to you.
 Make a list of motivators and another list of
things you consider to be hygiene.
 Discuss your list with a partner and see if you
agree or not.
Summary
 What
is motivation?
 Maslow and his hierarchy of needs.


Each level of the hierarchy
Your turn

Writing topic
 Herberg


and his two factor theory
What is the difference between a motivator and a hygiene
factor?
Your turn

Conversation topic
Bibliography






Gillespie A pg 81-84 As & A Level Business Oxford
Revision Guides Oxford University Press 2001
Tutor2u :
http://tutor2u.net/business/gcse/people_motivation_theor
ies.htm
Shah K & Prof. Shah P. Laynetworks :
http://www.laynetworks.com/Theories-of-Motivation.html
BizEd : http://www.bized.co.uk/educators/1619/business/hrm/lesson/motivation.htm
Edexcel : http://www.edexcel.org.uk/quals/hn/business/
South Trafford College business and management :
http://student.stcoll.ac.uk/links/index.php?c=22&z=&p=y