Green Aviation
Research & Development Network
Hany Moustapha
Directeur, Programme de technologies
Pratt & Whitney Canada
Executive Director, GARDN
May 2009
OUTLINE
• Road Map
• Objectives
• Research Themes
• Governance
• Projects
• Growth
GARDN Technology & Funding Road Map
2006
2007
2008
2009
(TRM)
CAETRM
Canadian Aviation Environmental Technology Road Map
CAEWG
Technology
Road Map
Projects
Canadian Aviation Environmental Working Group
BL-NCE
Business-Led Network of Centres of Excellence
Funding
GARDN
Green Aviation
Research &
Development Network
(2009-2013)
Execution
IATA Warning
ICAO Environmental Goals for Aviation
The Aviation Industry is Committed to
Action on Climate Change
CAETRM – Committed Participants
Bombardier Aerospace
NRC - CNRC
Air Canada
OAC
AQA
Pratt & Whitney Canada
Bell Helicopter Textron Canada Inc.
Rolls-Royce Ltd.
CRIAQ
Standard Aero
Aero Montreal
Industry Canada
AIAC
Messier-Dowty
Transport Canada
CAETRM Structure
Thrust Teams
Steering Committee
(21 Members)
Aircraft Systems
and ATM (13)
Airframe
Concepts (10)
Fuels and
Lubricants (14)
Manufacturing
and MRO (23)
Materials and
Coatings (15)
Eco Design (6)
Engine Concepts
(13)
Ground
Operations (2)
Rotary Wing A/C
Concepts (4)
Secretariat (4)
Airframe Concepts
Airframe Concepts
TRL or Mid-TRL if range provided
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
1
Years to required maturity level
2
3
4
Actuation Technologies
System Technology
Aerodynamics / flight physics
Aircraft Configuration
Development
5
6
Multi-Disciplinary
Optimization
Aero-Structural Interaction
7
Structural Technology
8
9
10
11
12
Test Facilities
Noise Reduction
Technologies
cost
estimates
not
provided
8
Engine Concepts
Engine Concepts
TRL or Mid-TRL if range provided
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
Advanced Air/Oil System
Technologies
1
Years to required maturity level
2
3
Advanced Compressor
and Fan Technologies
Aggressive Inter-turbine
Transition Ducts
4
5
Engine acoustics
6
7
8
Advanced Combustion
Systems
Installations
Advanced Modelling
9
10
11
12
Advanced Engine Cycle
Technologies
6
7
8
GARDN Objectives
• Fostering the development of technologies that will reduce
aircraft noise and emissions in the vicinity of airports
• Considering environmental impacts throughout the product
life cycle
• Investing in the talents of our universities and encouraging
creativity in the development of aviation environmental
technologies
• Reducing the production of greenhouse gases by the
aviation sector, and in so doing reducing the carbon footprint
of the Canadian aviation sector
GARDN Eight Research Themes
Emission
s
Noise
Icing
Performance
Aircraft
Operations
Alternative
Fuels
Product Life Cycle
Management
Icing
Materials &
Manufacturing
Processes
Noise Reduction Technologies:
Geared Turbofan for Bombardier C-Series
Munich International Airport
Noise Footprints
Simulated microphone
location
X
Today’s Aircraft
Source: Wyle Labs
Simulated microphone
location
X
Geared Turbofan
Powered Airplane
Green Engine Technologies:
Materials and Manufacturing
Non-chlorinated
solvents
Cadmium plate
alternative
Lead-free
antigallants
Non-chromium
anodizing &
conversion coatings
Chromium plate
alternative
New technologies partnered with Canadian industry and universities
Alternate Fuel Technologies
Corn
Sugar cane
Switchgrass
Cellulose
Ethanol
Synthetic
Jet Fuel
Butanol
Biodiesel
Bio-Jet
Willow
Microalgae
Others
Liquid
methane
Methanol
P&WC-SDTC (2007-2011)
Low Emission Demonstrator ($22M)
Objectives
Compact
Diffuser
Heat Exchanger
1. GHG & NOx reduction
2. Demo focus: TRL6+
Benefits
Talon 3+
•
•
•
•
•
•
Lower SFC
Lower emission
Durability
Low cost
Weight reduction
Thermal management
New technologies
Partners
Demo Schematic using PW307
• NRC, Inco and UTIAS
• UTRC and HS
Sherbrooke Univ. and P&WC-BA-Bell
Acoustics NSERC Chair (2009-2013, $3.3M)
GARDN Research Themes and
First Round Nine Projects ($23M)
P&WC
Themes
CMC
Project 1 Project 2 Project 3 Project 4 Project 5 Project 1 Project 2 Project 3 Project 1
x
Noise
Emissions
Materials &
Manufacturing Processes
Performance
Icing
Aicraft Operations
Alternative Fuels
Product Lifecycle
Management
BA
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
P&WC
Project 1 (M. Bissinger)
Project 2 (G. Girard)
Project 3 (S-A. Meslioui)
Project 4 (F. Lefebvre)
Project 5 (Q-P. Zheng)
Life-cycle improvement - Materials of concern (Poly, Integran, StandardAero)
Forced mixer and nozzle noise reduction (McGill, Sherbrooke)
Noise reduction for transonic fans (McGill, Poly)
Engine core technologies to reduce emissions (Poly, Concordia, Waterloo, Ryerson)
Altitude emissions control for aviation (Waterloo, Warsaw Polytechnic)
BA
Project 1 (S. Banerjee)
Project 2 (S. Banerjee)
Project 3 (M. Huising)
Environmentally-focused regional aircraft (UTIAS, P&WC)
Environmentally-focused long-range business jet (UTIAS, P&WC)
Airframe noise reduction (Waterloo, Messier-Dowty, Aercoustics)
CMC
Project 1 (R. Hygate)
Continuous descent arrivals research (ETS)
Engine Core Technologies
Compressor Demonstrator
Durability Items
Performance Items
Nickel impeller
Swept axial airfoils
Surge load predictions
Tip effect de-sensitization
Enhanced compressor
surge line
V
H
IBR rotors
D hybrid diffuser
Weight Items
V
H
Compact centrifugal stage
Centrifugal Compressor Technology Demo
Compact Centrifugal Compressor Stage
Same compression with reduced overall
length and casing radius
Maintains aerodynamic efficiency
State-of-the-Art optimization methods and
CFD utilized
Significant improvement in thrust-toweight ratio
Conventional
Impeller/Diffuser
Low RadiusRadius-Ratio
Diffuser
Low AspectAspect-Ratio
Impeller
Compact
Reduced Length + Diameter =
Weight
& Cost Reduction
Compact
Centrifugal
Concept
Baseline
Reduced Radius Diffuser
Reduced Length Impeller
Centrifugal Compressor Technology Demo
Advanced Diffuser Technology
New patented “D-Hybrid” diffuser
technology developed at P&WC to replace
pipe diffuser
Reduced cost – simpler construction
Pipe Diffuser and Fishtail
Improved Aerodynamic incidence at
diffuser entry
Improved operability range with state-ofthe-art efficiency
Inner 1d
Outer 1b
Blades 1c
Diffuser Assy. 1
Diffuser Ring 1a
Two Pieces Assy.
2 Cover
D-Hybrid Diffuser
Noise Reduction for Transonic Fan Demo
Objectives
Improved fan performance
No impact on noise
Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic modeling
Advance 3D shapes
Fan-Stator interaction
Selection of fan-stator configurations for wind
tunnel testing
Separate Stator Arrangement
Wind tunnel testing
Anechoic chamber
Far field noise measurement
Flexible fan rig
Variable spacing
Many stator configurations
Fan case acoustic treatment optimization
Full-Span Stator Arrangement
CFD analysis
Extract acoustic
content from
CFD analyses
Modeling validation
Test results to calibrate and validate the
models
Incorporate the tools into standard design
practices
Feed acoustic
data into noise
propagation
tool
Verify
analysis
results vs.
far field
noise test
data
Forced Mixer and Nozzle Noise Reduction
Objective: 1-2 dB reduction
Characterization of the dominant noise features
CFD analyses
Develop a CAA methodology for far field noise
prediction from turbulent subsonic jet
Choose 10-15 promising mixer configurations
Wind tunnel testing
10-15 scale models
Phased array microphones (isolate mixer noise
and shear layer noise)
Jet flight effects on propagation
Performance characterization
Full scale static testing
3-4 full scale models
Outdoor noise test with a full engine
Far field noise signature
Database for flight simulation
Flight testing (2nd phase of project)
Managing
GARDN Management Structure
Guiding Principles
• Respecting NCE guidelines
• Benchmarking other NCE (e.g. AUTO21)
• Building on existing consortia know-how and strengths
(CRIAQ, SDTC, ISTC, etc.)
• Using industry’s best practices in technology management
• Adopting a lean structure
• Ensuring industry leadership
• Leveraging the know-how and networks of CRIAQ and AIAC
GARDN Management Structure
Executive Directors:
F. Kafyeke (BA)
H. Moustapha (P&WC)
Board of Directors (14)
Industry-Academic-Government
3 Meetings / year
Chairman:
C. Lajeunesse (AIAC)
Executive Committee (5)
6 Meetings / year
Research Committee
Network Manager
GARDN Secretariat
CAEWG
CRIAQ (C. Trindade)
AIAC
Scientific Director P&WC
(S. Sampath)
Scientific Director BA
(B. Pang)
Scientific Director CMC
(R. Hygate)
Scientific
Director
TBD
Project 1
Project 4
Project 1
Project 2
Project 5
Project 2
Total budget:
Project 3
(9 projects/18 partners for first round)
Research budget: $20.7M (at 50%)
Project 3
Head Office: AIAC, 60 Queen Street, Suite 1200, Ottawa, ON
Project 1
Admin budget:
(12% of total budget)
$23.2M (4 years)
$2.5M (at 75%)
GARDN Key Performance Indicators (KPI)
Research Program
• Network researchers
• Number of projects
• Research budget
• TRL progression
Highly Qualified People (HQP)
• Number of students and universities
• Number of theses (MS, Ph.D.), etc
Knowledge and Technology Transfer
• Patent applications / Granted patents
• TRL-6 achievements
• Technical reports
Partnerships, Networking & International Relationships
• Number of partners (national & international)
• SMEs outreach
Governing & Managing
• Achievements vs objectives
• Administration budget percentage
Growing
Lack of Tech. Demos and Funding for TRL 4 to 7
“Valley of Death in Innovation Supply Chain”
TRL 1
Research
TRL 4 Tech. Platforms TRL 7 Development TRL 9
& Demos
Technology
Acquisition
Technology
Infusion
Technology
Development /
Demonstration
Product &
Manufacturing
Methods Dev
Basic Research
Applied Research
Universities
CFI
NRC (IAR)
NSERC
Industrial Research Chairs
CRIAQ
SDTC
BL-NCE
and
?
IRAP
SR&ED Tax Credit
DIRP
NRC/CANMET
TPC/SADI
Regional Agencies
……Industrial and Regional Benefits……..
Production
BDC
Markets
EDC
CCC
DFAIT
IC
Technology & Product Development in Aeronautics
Europe and Canada
Research and Technology Acquisition
TRL 1
Product Development
TRL 4
TRL 7
TRL 9
Fundamental Knowledge
Technology Development
Technology Validation
Demonstrators
Prototypes
Product Definition
Product Design & Develolopment
Product Demonstration
Production
EU Framework Program
Level 1
Strategic Project (STREPS)
NSERC (CRD & IRC), ISTC & CRIAQ
Level 2
Integrated Projects (IP)
SDTC & BL-NCE (GARDN)
Level 3
Joint Technology Initiative JTI)
Tech. Demos: No Funding
EU
One Program
Canada
6-10 Programs
No Demo
GARDN Strategic Plan: Linking to Canadian and
International Aerospace Environmental Initiatives
Canadian Aerospace Environmental Collaborative Projects - Total Budget $70M (0.35% of Sales)
Environmental Roadmap
CAEWG
CRIAQ (MDEIE/NSERC)
GARDN Research Committee
Environmental themes
18 projects, 36 partners, $10.3M
P&WC (ISTC)
Bio-fuels for Aviation
10 projects, 12 partners, $5.5M
Acoustics Chair (NSERC)
P&WC (SDTC)
Low Emission Combustion
11 projects, 5 partners, $22M
9 projects,
18 partners,
$23M
P&WC/Integran/Comtek (SDTC)
Environmental Advanced Materials
BA/P&WC (SDTC)
Sherbrooke / BA, Bell, P&WC
10 projects, 3 partners, $3.3M
EUFP7
Industry Canada-NRC-Industry
BioFuels Aircraft Demo
FMP-SAGE Demo
AIAC-Industry Canada
1.7 Billion Euro (1.8% of Sales)
SDTC Advanced Materials For
Reduced Engine Emissions (AMREE)
Research Areas
• Composites - Polymer-matrix composites for containment, CMC for
static turbine and combustor parts, Bio-Fibres
• Nano Coatings - Hydrophobic, Wear-resistant
• Grain Boundary Engineered (GBE) Materials - GBE Nickel Alloy for
containment
• High Temperature Coatings - Cathodic Arc oxidation-resistant
coatings, ½K TBC, EBC for CMC
• Abradable Coatings - Erosion-resistant
Ten Partners: Integran, Comtek, Composite Innovation Centre, Goodrich,
NRC, Universities: Toronto, Ryerson, Ottawa, Concordia and Laval
Total Budget: $30M (2010-2014)
P&WC $ 11M ; Partners $8.5M ; SDTC $10.5M
32
SDTC BioFuel Aircraft Demonstrator
Objective
BA Q400
• Flight demonstration involving Porter
Airlines / Bombardier Q400 / P&WC
PW150
• 2011 flight testing with Porter Airlines,
Toronto  Ottawa
• Blend of
(Drop-in)
3rd
Porter Airlines
Feedstock
P&WC PW150
generation biojet fuel
• Program led by Bombardier with strong
P&WC support
Funding
• SDTC funding application due
September 2009
Refining Process
FMP-SAGE Demo:
Technology & Funding Road Map
2000-2006
2007-2008
2009
2010
(TRM)
AIAC 2025 Vision
AeroMontreal Forum
Industry Canada TRM
White Paper
AIAC – CAP - CATN
Industry Canada
Working Groups
(Composites-DPHM)
Technology
Road Map
AIAC - FMP
Technology
Working Group
Projects
Industry Canada
MDEIE
Funding
SAGE Demo
Execution
AIAC-FMP Technology Demonstration
Smart Affordable Green Efficient “SAGE”
Four Vehicles Demos and Eight Technology Platforms
Two Vehicle Demos
Two Transverse Systems
Demos
Eco-Design
Regional/
Commercial
Business Jets
Helicopter
Product Development
Engines
Manufacturing
Environment
More Intelligent Systems
Systems
AIAC-FMP, Final Report, May 2008
Materials
More Electric Systems
Avionics
Human PerformanceAugmentation
35
Canadian Aerospace Collaborative
Environmental Initiatives
TRL 1
TRL 4
TRL 7
CRIAQ- MDEIE/NSERC
2002
2004
2006
2008
Environmental themes
18 projects, 36 partners, $10.3M
CRIAQ/P&WC - ISTC/MDEIE
Bio-fuels for Aviation
10 projects, 12 partners, $5.5M
Acoustics Chair - NSERC
Sherbrooke / BA, Bell, P&WC
10 projects, 3 partners, $3.3M
P&WC - SDTC
Low Emission Combustion
11 projects, 5 partners, $22M
BL-NCE
2009
9 Projects
18 Partners
$23M
P&WC/Integran/Comtek – SDTC (Spring 2009)
Environmental Advanced Materials
BA/P&WC – SDTC (Fall 2009)
BioFuels Aircraft Demo
FMP-SAGE Demo
2010
Industry Canada – MDEIE ($$TBD)
AIAC-CRIAQ-AeroMontreal