ILS Z556
Z556 Systems
Analysis & Design
Session 9
1
• 15 minutes
• Present your teamwork process, not the findings about the
project
• Use artifacts
• Everyone should be involved in the presentation
ILS Z556
Team Process Presentation on
November 20
2
ILS Z556
Feedback Meeting (Block, 2011)
Be honest
& authentic
3
• Show where the breakdowns and bottlenecks are
• Elevate what would otherwise be a bunch of
anecdotes to reveal systemic problems
• Give the IT dept. a way to talk back to the
business about prioritization decisions
ILS Z556
Consolidated Models
4
• Show the common structure of a task across a
customer population
• Use the flow model to identify the important tasks
• Only consolidate tasks that the system will
support, that you will redesign, or that you need
to understand in detail
ILS Z556
Consolidating Sequence Models
5
Example of Consolidated Sequence
Model
• Prepare study guide for class/make lecture notes available to students
Activity
Intent
Abstracted Steps
Create
study
guide
Create
additional
materials based on
course lecture to
help students
prepare for
assignments
Finding
Share
lecture/
study
guide
Share
Upload
Share
lecture
study guide
with students
Breakdowns
lecture to
Oncourse
Schedule office hours to
review lecture
Upload
study guide to
Oncourse
ILS Z556
digital versions of
images that match the text
book images
List image #s (DIDO #s or
textbook #s) to be reviewed
List terms necessary
20 MB per PPT lecture
requirement in
Oncourse which either
suggest faculty to break
up lectures or to meet
size requirements
6
• Step 1: generate complete list of responsibilities for
each individual
• Step 2: examine each responsibility
• Step 3: recognize when different people play the
same roles
• Step 4: how roles map to individuals
• Step 5: consolidate the artifacts and communications
between people
ILS Z556
Consolidating Flow Models
7
Consolidated Flow Model: Consider
Roles First
- Keep track of what’s in the kitchen
- Provide oversight & instruct other cooks as necessary
- Make sure cooks are working together
- Communicate exact needs to shopper
- Decide on desired meals for special event with event planner
- Find out what’s needed to restock inventory
Cook
- Negotiate meals and who will
make them with other cooks
- Coordinate with head chef on
use of kitchen
- Make sure ingredients for planned
meal are available
- Coordinate with head chef on
how to make meal
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Head chef
Shopper
-Find out from head chef what to buy
and when to go
- Make on-the-spot decisions about
substitutions
-Bring accounting of expense to
fund manager
8
Event planner
Funds manager
Consolidated Flow Model: Add
Artifacts & Interactions
- Keep track of what’s in the kitchen
- Provide oversight & instruct other cooks as necessary
- Make sure cooks are working together
- Communicate exact needs to shopper
- Decide on desired meals for special event with event planner
- Find out what’s needed to restock inventory
list of ingredients
Manage cooks
Cook
- Negotiate meals and who will
make them with other cooks
- Coordinate with head chef on
use of kitchen
- Make sure ingredients for planned
meal are available
- Coordinate with head chef on
how to make meal
ILS Z556
Head chef
Shopper
-Find out from head chef what to buy
and when to go
- Make on-the-spot decisions about
substitutions
-Bring accounting of expense to
fund manager
9
Event planner
Funds manager
10
ILS Z556
• Individual models show the structure and usage of
the things people create and use
• Consolidated artifact models shows common
organizing themes and concepts that people use
to pattern their work
ILS Z556
Consolidating Artifact Models
11
• How it chunks
• Use the structure of the artifact to guide the
structure of the system
• Maintain the distinctions that matter to users
• What it looks like
• Determine the intent of the presentation details
• Mimic the intent of presentation details, not the
details themselves
ILS Z556
Consolidated Artifact Model
12
Consolidated Physical Model
• Don’t depend on what’s not there
• Account for movement and multiple locations
• Take advantage of what is there
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• The reality check
13
Consolidated Physical Model
• Pitfalls
• E.g., if people don’t have printers by their desks, don’t build a
system that requires frequent trips to the printer
• E.g., If your users walk around all the time, don’t try to tie them
to a desk by giving them a product that only runs on a desktop
ILS Z556
• Not taking the physical environment seriously
14
15
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• Indicates a direction for the design
• Shows within that direction what constraints have
to be accounted for
• Managers need to monitor and manage the
values of an organization
• Make sure the changes you introduce will cause
someone in the customer population to take notice
(get buy-in)
ILS Z556
Consolidated Cultural Model
16
Consolidation
• The affinity diagram:
• Consolidation helps us understand intent, strategy,
structure, concepts, and mind-sets to support
customers
ILS Z556
• Data from individual users to groups
17
• Product consulting
• Prescription consulting
• Collaborative (Process) consulting
• ~= Block’s Flawless consulting
ILS Z556
Comparing Various Consulting
Models (Schwen, 1995)
18
Dealing with Resistance (Block,
Chapter 9)
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• Step 1: Pick up the cues
• Step 2: Name the resistance
• Step 3: Be quiet, let the client respond
• Consulting with a stone (p. 157)
• Don’t take it personally
19
User Language That Is
Avoid Language That Is
Descriptive
Judgmental
Focused
Global
Specific
Stereotyped
Brief
Lengthy
Simple
Complicated
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Feedback Session (Block Ch 14, p. 223)
20
• Consultant as witness
• Consultant as judge
• Consultant as jury
• Consultant as
prosecutor
• Consultant as
defendant
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Feedback Session (Block Ch
14)
21
• Problem statement
• Why the problem exists
• What happens if the problem is not fixed
• In the short term
• In the long term
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A Structure of a Feedback
Meeting (Block, p. 229, 2nd ed.)
• Recommended solutions
• Expected benefits
22
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Affinity Diagram
23
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The Affinity Diagram (see Chapter
8 in HWW)
24
The Affinity Diagram
data
data
Sub-problem
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Problem Label
data
Labels
Sub-problem
Sub-problem
25
• Get diverse perspectives
• Inquiry into the consolidated work models
• Brainstorms new work practice
• Develop multiple solutions
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Contextual Design for
Invention
26
• Synthesize across the models
• Discuss the models and possible metaphors in
the team, which leads to shared understanding
and perspectives
• Data  consolidated models  design
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Using Models for Design
27
• To look across the different models and see a
unified picture of work practice
• To use multiple perspectives to reveal the issues
• To use multiple possibilities to drive the
invention of a creative design solution
ILS Z556
Goals of Work Redesign
28
ILS Z556
Goals of Work Redesign
29
Affinity Model Exercise
• Each team will fill out 20 index cards (interpretation
notes) + 5 color index cards (category notes)
• Write down “data (e.g., The principle includes a personal
note on each printed e-mail that he sends to the
teacher)” related to issues from either interviews or
observations on the 20 index cards
• Chunk these 20 cards into some categories
• Use the color index cards to label these categories
ILS Z556
• Goal: Build affinity model based on these cards
30
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Affinity Notes
31
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Affinity Diagram
32