Unit 8
Honesty:
Is it Going out of Style?
College English Book 2
Part II
Text & Listening
Part I
Background
Information
Unit 8
Part III
New Words &
Expressions
Part IV
Supplement
Part I
Background Information
 Introductory
Remarks:
 American education system
Introductory Remarks
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The text is from Senior Scholastic,
Oct. 31, 1980
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Author: Stacia Robbins, British writer.
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In recent years, there are heated discussions in China about
the issue of cheating in exams. Some people hold that
cheating only exists in China because of the fierce academic
competition, however, the fact is that cheating is also rampant
in America. There are reports that some universities require
the students to show their ID card when attending an exam,
in order to prevent cheating.
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In the text, the author shows her doubts: Is honesty going
out of style? Or there are some other reasons? If the students
are given sufficient trust, maybe they won’t commit cheating.
Trust may bring back honesty.
American Education System
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Primary school
American children start school at the
age of five years. The first year at school
is called kindergarten. It is required of all
American children enrolled in the
American education system. The second
year at school is considered the first
year of primary school and is referred to
as first grade.
Secondary school
Upon completion of fifth grade (the last
year of primary school), American
children enrolled in the American
education system advance to secondary
school. Secondary school most
commonly consists of a total of seven
years, referred to as sixth through
twelfth grades. The ninth through twelfth
grades are most commonly referred to
as high school.
Undergraduate school
 Students who have completed
high school and would like to
attend college or university
must attend what is referred to
Graduate school
as an undergraduate school.
Students who have obtained a bachelor’s
degree can continue their education by
These are schools that offer
pursuing one of two types of degrees. The
either
a
two-year
degree
first is a master’s degree. This is usually a
two-year degree that is highly specialized (called an associate degree) or
a four-year degree (called a
in a specific field
Certain courses of study are only available bachelors degree) in a specific
at the graduate school level in America.
course of study.
The most notable of these are law, dentistry,
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and medicine. Students who want to pursue
a degree in one of these fields must first
obtain a bachelor’s degree.
 In America,
there isn’t a
universal exam for
enrolling a college or a
university, because
different universities have
different requirements. In
the last year of high
school, the students have
to apply several schools
and take the exams of
each school respectively.
Harvard University
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It is estimated that 61% of American high
school students have committed cheating on
exams at least once, and cheating is also
considered to be a major problem in colleges
and universities. Likewise, signs of dishonesty
in business and government seem much more
numerous in recent years than before. Does
all this go to prove that honesty is going out
of style in American society? Now let's take
up this article to see how the author looks
into this problem.
Part II
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Text & Listening
Ever thought about cheating on a test? Of course not. But some students are not
quite so honest …
Honesty: Is It Going Out of Style?
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By Stacia Robbins
According to a recent poll, 61 percent of American high school students have
admitted to cheating on exams at least once. It can be argued such a response my
not mean much. After all, most students have been faced with the temptation to peek
at a neighbor's test paper. And students can be hard on themselves in judging such
behavior. However, there are other indications that high school cheating may be on
the rise.
More and more states are requiring students to pass competency tests in order to
receive their high school diplomas. And many educators fear that an increase in the
use of state exams will lead to a corresponding rise in cheating. A case in point is
students in New York State who faced criminal misdemeanor charges for possessing
and selling advance copies of state Regents examinations.
Cheating is considered to be a major problem in colleges and universities. Several
professors say they've dropped the traditional term paper requirement because many
students buy prewritten term papers, and they can't track down all the cheaters
anymore.
Colleges and universities across the nation have decided to do more than talk about
the rise in student cheating. For instance, the Department of Psychology at the
University of Maryland launched a campaign to stop one form of cheating. As 409
students filed out of their exam, they found all but one exit blocked. Proctors asked
each student to produce an ID card with an attached photo. Students who said they'd
left theirs in the dorm or at home had a mug shot taken. The purpose of the
campaign was to catch "ringers," students who take tests for other students.
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The majority of students at the University of Maryland applauded the
campaign. The campus newspaper editorial said, "Like police arresting
speeders, the intent is not to catch everyone but rather to catch enough to
spread the word."
We frequently hear about "the good old days", when Americans were better,
happier, and more honest. But were they more honest? Maybe yes, a long
time ago when life was very different from what it is today.
School children used to know the story of how Abraham Lincoln walked five
miles to return a penny he'd overcharged a customer. It's the kind of story
we think of as myth. But in the case of Lincoln, the story is true … unlike the
story of George Washington and the cherry tree. Washington's first
biographer invented the tale of little George saying to his father, "I cannot tell
a lie. I did it with my ax." What is important in both stories, however, is that
honesty was seen as an important part of the American character.
And these are just two stories out of many. Students in the last century
usually didn't read "fun" stories. They read stories that taught moral values.
Such stories pointed out quite clearly that children who lied, cheated, or
stole came to bad ends.
Parents may have further reinforced those values. It's difficult to know. We
do know that children didn't hear their parents talk of cheating the
government on income taxes - there weren't any.
A clue as to why Americans may have been more honest in the past lies in
the Abe Lincoln story. Lincoln knew his customer. They both lived in a small
town. Would a check-out person at a large supermarket return money a
customer? It's less likely. On the other hand, would overnight guests at an
inn run by a husband and wife, steal towels? It's less likely.
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Perhaps this tells us that people need to know
one another to be at their honest best.
The vast majority of Americans still believe that
honesty as an important part of the American
Character. For that reason, there are numerous
watch-dog committees at all levels of society.
Although signs of dishonesty in school, business,
and government seem much more numerous in
recent years than in the past, could it be that we
are getting better at revealing such dishonesty?
There is some evidence that dishonesty may
ebb and flow. When times are hard, incidents of
theft and cheating usually go up. And when
times get better such incidents tend to go down.
Cheating in school also tends to ebb and flow.
But it doesn't seem linked to the economy.
Many educators feel that as students gain
confidence in themselves and their abilities, they
are less likely to cheat. Surprisingly, some
efforts to prevent cheating may actually
encourage cheating - a person may feel "they
don't trust me anyway," and be tempted to "beat
the system." Distrust can be contagious. But, so
can trust!
NEW WORDS
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Honesty :n. freedom from deceit, cheating, etc. 诚实
Style: n. fashion 时髦
Poll: n. survey of public opinion by putting questions to a representative
selection of persons 民意测验
Admit: v. state or agree to the truth of; confess 承认，供认
Admission n.
Temptation: n. the act of tempting or being tempted 引诱；诱惑
Peek: vi. look (at sth.) quickly, esp. when one should not 偷看
behavio(u)r : n. way of behaving 行为
behave:v.
Indication: n. sign or suggestion 迹象
Competency: n. ability; being competent 能力；胜任
Diploma: n. official paper showing that a person has successfully
finished a course of study or passed an examination 文凭
Corresponding: a. matching 相应的
Criminal: a. of crime
misdemeano(u)r: n. crime that is less serious than, for example,
stealing of
murder 轻罪
Charge: n. accusation 指控
possess: n. have, own 占有，拥有
advance: a. made available before the date of general publication or
release 预先的
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regent: n. member of a governing board （学校董事会的）董事
drop: vt. give up; discontinue 放弃；革除
traditional: a. of or according to tradition 传统的
tradition: n.
requirement: n. sth. required; sth. demanded as a condition 要求；必要条件
prewritten: a. written beforehand; written in advance
psychology: n. science of the mind 心理学
psychological: a.
launch: vt. start, set going 发起；发动
campaign: n. series of planned activities for some special purpose 运动
file: vi. march or move in a line 排成纵队行进
exit: n. way out of a place 出口（处）
proctor: n. 临考人
ID card: n. identity card 身份证
dorm: n. (short for) dormitory 宿舍
mug: n. the face or mouth
shot: n. a single photograph
mug shot: n. (sl.) photograph of a person's face, used for purposes of
identification 面部照片
ringer: n. any person who pretends to be another 冒名顶替者
applaud: vt. praise esp. by striking one's hands to gether 拍手称赞
campus: n. university; the grounds of a university, college, or school 大学;校园
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editorial: n. leading article 社论
arrest: vt. seize (sb.) in the name of the law 逮捕
speeder: n. person who drives an automobile at a higher speed than is lawful 违法超
速驾驶者
intent: n. purpose; intention
frequently: ad. at short intervals, often 频繁地
overcharge: vt. charge too much 对...要价太高
customer: n. person who buys goods from a shop, esp. regularly 顾客
myth: n. 神话
unlike: prep. not like, different from
cherry: n. 樱桃
biographer: n. person who writes about another person's life 传记作家
ax(e): n. 斧子
character: n. mental or moral qualities that make one person, race, etc. different from
others 性格，品质
moral: a. concerning principles of right of wrong 道德的
reinforce: vt. encourage of strengthen 加强
tax: n. 税，税款
clue: n. sth. that helps to find an answer to a question 线索
check-out: n. desk where one pays the bill of the goods one has chosen 结帐处
supermarket: n. large shop where one serves oneself with food and goods 超级市场
overnight: a. for or during the night 住一夜的；一整夜的
inn: n. small hotel 小旅馆，客栈
towel: n. 毛巾
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vast: a. very big
numerous : a. many
watch-dog: a. organized or acting as a watchful guardian, esp. against unlawful
practice 起监督作用的
dishonesty: n. the quality of being dishonest
reveal: vt. make known 揭露
evidence: n. sign or proof 证据
ebb: vi. (of the tide) flow back from the land to the sea; grow less; become
weak or faint 落潮；低落，衰退
flow: vi. (of the tide) come in; rise; run or spread smoothly （潮）涨；上升；流
incident: n. event; happening 事件
theft: n. (the act of, an instance of) stealing
tend: vi. have a tendency 易于，往往会
link: vt. join or connect 连接；联系
economy: n. 经济
anyway: ad. at all; in any case 究竟；无论如何
tempt: vt. attract (sb.) to do sth. wrong or foolish 引诱
system: n. 体制；制度
systematic: a.
distrust: n. lack of trust; mistrust 不信任，怀疑
contagious: a. tending to spread easily from person to person 传染的
PHEASES & EXPRESSIONS
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out of style: no longer fashionable 过时的，不再流行
according to: as stated or shown by; in a way that agrees with 按照，根据
(be) faced with: 面对
be hard on: 对...过分严厉
on the rise: increasing steadily 在增长;在加剧
a case in point: a very good example 恰当的例子
all but: all except 除了...都
(be) different from: unlike, not the same as 与...不同
think of ... as: regard as
in the case of: 就...来说,至于
come to: arrive at a particular state or position 变成(某种状态)
lie in: exist in 在于
on the other hand: from the opposed point of view 另一方面,反过来说
at one's best: in as good a state as possible 处于最佳状态
go up: rise; increase 上升;增加
go down: fall; decrease 下降;减少
PROPER NAMES
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Stacia Robbins 斯泰茜娅.罗宾斯
Maryland
马里兰(美国州名)
Abe
艾贝(Abraham的昵称)
Part III New Words and Expressions
1.out of style & in style
out of style: unfashionable
Examples：
a. The skirt has gone out of
style.
b. Honesty will never be out of
style.
in style: in a grand way
a. The rich lady likes to give
dinner parties in style.
b. The millionaire isn’t used to
live in style.
c. She dresses in style.
2. admit to: (formal) confess to;
not deny
Examples:
--Did the young man admit to
taking these commodities
without paying for them?
--Mrs. Cross admits to being
easily annoyed.
-- Mr. Smith admitted readily to
a great liking for horror films.
3. It can be argued such a response may not
mean much.: Some people may have a
good reason to say that such a response
from high school students may not be
significant.
Similarly:
--It can be argued (that) money may not
bring you happiness.
-- It can be argued (that) success in exams
may not mean much.
4.
be faced with:
be confronted with; meet face to face
Examples:
-- Now we arc all faced with a very difficult
situation.
--Faced with such a rival, he has little
chance of winning.
5. be hard on: be stern or strict with; be an
unjust or unlucky burden on
Examples:
--Don't be too hard on the child.
--It's hard on John, having to work when the
rest of us are vacationing.
6. behavior:
 (1) way of behaving
Examples:
-- His son won a prize for good behavior
at school.
--I am surprised to witness his rude
behavior to his mother.
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(2) the way a machine behaves
Example:
--The new furnace's behavior is
satisfactory.
7. indication:
(1) sign or suggestion
Examples:
-- There is not much indication that the draught will be
over soon.
-- The bed showed indications of being slept in.
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(2) pointing to or out
Examples:
-- We use different tones for the indication of different
meanings.
-- The indication of that arrow is that visitors should
turn left here.
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8. on the rise: increasing
Examples:
-- The number of students in our school is
on the rise.
-- The sales volume of the new products has
been on the rise since the manager
advertised them on TV.
9. corresponding:
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(1) matching
Examples:
--The peace talk was held between corresponding
officials in the two governments.
--The average temperature in July this year is 0.5 degree
higher that in the corresponding period last year.
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(2) the same
Examples:
-- You win the lottery if you had chosen a number
corresponding to the one published in the newspaper.
-- The police found corresponding footprints outside the
house where the murder took place.
10. a case in point: a fit example
Examples:
-- An average student can be a top student
with additional work. Cathy is a case in
point.
--Nearly all major cities in the US are crimeridden. A case in point is Chicago.
11. charge:
(n.)
(1) accusation
Examples:
-- The former football star was arrested on a charge of
manslaughter,
-- The opposition brings a charge of corruption against the
administration.
-- The ex-president now faces charges of sexual harassment,
(2) price asked for goods or services
Examples:
-- Services charges are not included in hotel rates.
-- You can dial 1 - 890 numbers free of charge.
(3) amount of electricity contained in a substance
Examples:
-- a negative/positive charge
Charge
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(v.)
(1) accuse
Examples:
-- His former secretary charged him with sexual harassment.
-- The boxer was charged with rape.
(2) ask as a price
Examples:
--The railway company charges half price fox students.
-- The hotel charges $2 for washing and ironing a shirt.
(3) put an amount of electricity into
Example:
-- Batteries for mobile phones need charging every eight hours.
12. possess: have; own
Examples:
--He was charged with possessing drugs.
-- He lost all he possessed in the fire.
-- The witch possessed magic powers.
13. requirement: sth. needed or demanded
Examples:
-- There is a greater requirement for
electricity in summer than in any other
season.
-- We will try our best to meet the
requirements of our customers.
-- Chinese, maths, and English are three
major requirements in college entrance.
--ISO 9000 is a set of quality
requirements.
14. across the nation: throughout the country
15. to do more than talk: to do something
instead of just talking
16. ... launched a campaign to stop one form of
cheating: ... start a series of activities for stopping one
form of cheating...
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launch:
(v.)
(1) start; set going
Examples:
--Truck drivers in France launched a strike for earlier
retirement.
-- The government launched an attack against
corruption.
(2) set a ship afloat
Example:
-- The First Lady was invited to launch the new ship.
(3) set a rocket, missile, etc. in motion
Examples:
-- launch a satellite /rocket /missile
-- It is expensive to launch an astronaut into outer
space.
(n.) setting in ,notion
Examples:
-- The world was shocked at the failed launch of spaceship
"Challenger".
-- The launch of a new ship is usually celebrated with champagne.
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campaign:
(1) series of planned activities for some special purpose
Examples:
-- The Democratic Party waged /launched /carried on / mounted a
fundraising campaign.
-- The Parent-Teacher Association started a campaign against
smoking in school.
(2) series of planned military operations with a set purpose
Examples:
--The Saratoga Campaign is a turning point in American
Independence War.
-- The soldier was awarded three campaign medals for bravery.
17. filed out of their exam: left the exam hall
or room in a single file, i.e., one by one
18. had a mug shot taken
"Mug " is a slangy word for "face", for
example:
-- You have got an ugly mug.
"A mug shot" is a photograph of a
person's face used on the driver's license,
university ID card, etc. A mug shot may
also be taken by police for purposes of
identification.
19. like police arresting speeders:
 A speeder is one who drives faster than the
posted speed limit. In the US the speed limit on
a freeway or highway is 55 miles per hour. It
varies from 30 to 40 miles per hour on some
small roads or streets in towns and cities.
 Generally the police do not arrest speeders; they
are given traffic tickets which require the
speeding offenders to pay a fine. However, if a
person were driving in great excess of the speed
limit, the police might arrest him and put him in
jail.
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arrest:
(v.) seize (sb.) in the name of law
Examples:
--The police arrested the drunken driver three
days after the accident.
--My neighbor was arrested on suspicion of
having sent several mail bombs.
(n. ) seizing (sb.) in the name of haw
Examples:
-- In the campaign to clean up the city. over
500 arrests were made.
--The forger was (placed/put) under arrest.
20.
... the intent is not to catch everyone but rather to
catch enough to spread the word: the intension is not to
catch all of the cheats, but to catch a sufficient number of
them for the purpose of giving a warning to other
students: if a few are caught, the other students will hear
about it and be deterred from cheating.
21. in the case of: so far as someone or something is
concerned
Examples:
--Poverty depressed most people; but in the case of my
father (or: in my father's case) it only urged him to work
harder.
--We can't make an exception in the case of Mary.
22. unlike: (prep.) & (a,) not like: different from
Examples:
--Unlike his brother, John is very interested in
poetry.
-- it is unlike her to cry.
--The two movies are quite unlike though they
depict the same period in history.
23. "fun" stories: humorous stories read for
amusement
 The intent of fun stories is usually to entertain
rather than to educate.
24. moral
(a.) concerning principles of right and wrong
Examples:
-- Moral standards change with time.
-- A Godparent is supposed to be responsible
for the Godchild's moral welfare.
(n.) that which a story, event, or experience
teaches
Examples:
-- The moral of this story is that one should
judge for oneself.
-- You may draw your own moral from this
incident.
25. come to a bad end: come to
some misfortune, esp. to an
unpleasant death
Examples:
-- You will surely come to a bad
end (or: come to no good end) if
you keep driving so carelessly.
--If you don't give up crime,
you'll come to a bad end.
26. reinforce: strengthen
Examples:
-- More troops were sent to reinforce
the fortress.
--Most modern buildings are made of
reinforced concrete.
-- The football team was reinforced by
two foreign goalkeepers.
27. clue: sth. that helps to find an answer to a question
Examples:
-- Holmes has found some clue to the mystery.
-- The letter gave a clue as to where the treasure had
been buried.
28. lie in: exist in; be found in
Examples:
-- The cure for ignorance lies in education.
-- Do you believe that "Happiness lies in contentment“?
--The greatest charm of the bride's costume lies in its
simplicity.
29. overnight:
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(1) for or during the night
Examples:
--The bag contains things I will need when staying overnight
at a hotel.
-- This kind of bamboo can grow 20 centimeters taller
overnight.
(2) suddenly
Examples:
-- Those who grow rich overnight are eyed with suspicion.
-- Public opinion tends to change overnight.
30. ... people need to know one another to be at
their honest best.: ... people need to know one
another well if they are to treat one another as
honestly as possible.
 Here the phrase "at their honest best" means "at
their best as far as honesty is concerned".
 at one's best: in one's best condition or state
Examples:
-- He acted in all kinds of plays, but he was at
his best in comedy.
-- To see this part of the countryside at its best,
you need to come in June.
31 vast:
(1) large in quantity
Examples:
--He inherited a vast sum of money from his aunt.
-- Look out! A vast swarm of bees are coming this
way.
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(2) extensive
Examples:
-- Troops in the Yuan Dynasty captured vast
expanses of land in the West.
-- The vast ocean stretches for thousands of miles.
32. numerous: many
Examples:
--Numerous village and township enterprises have
sprung up since 1978.
--Numerous stars were horn after the Big Bang.
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33. ... could it be that we are getting better
at revealing such dishonesty?: ...is it
because we are becoming more skillful in
revealing such dishonesty?
 The conjunction "that" is used here to
introduce an adverbial clause expressing
cause.
Further examples:
--I am happy that you have come after all.
--I am afraid I have to decline your
invitation. Not that I am unwilling to come.
but that I have been very busy these days.
reveal:
 (1) expose; make known
Examples:
--His wife did not reveal to the patient his hopeless
condition.
-- Investigation revealed the women's 800-meter
race champion to be a man in disguise.
-- His life was threatened for revealing the secret.
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(2) cause to be seen
Examples:
--Their faces reveal shock and disbelief.
-- Those pictures reveal to us a wonderful world
under water.
34. evidence: sign or proof
Examples:
-- The case was dropped for lack of
evidence.
-- The upturned furniture in the room was
evidence of a fight.
--Scientists must have evidence for their
statements.
35. incident: event; happening
Examples:
-- In her book she told some interesting
incidents on her visit to Africa.
--Even such an ordinary incident reveals
greatness in his character.
--The Communist Party and the
National Party agreed to fight against
Japanese invasion after the Xi'an Incident.
36. tend to: be apt to: have a tendency to
Examples:
-- Farmers tend to use more machinery now.
-- Children tend to tike action movies.
37. But it doesn't seem linked to the
economy.: There seems to be no
connection between cheating and the
economy.
 link:
( v. ) join or connect
Examples:
-- The two incidents were already linked
together in the newspapers.
-- The Great Lakes link the USA and
Canada.
-- Scholarships are linked to academic
performance.
(n .) one ring or loop of a chain; person or thing that
connects two others
Examples:
-- She kept a link of her mother's hair in the locket.
-- Researches have established the link between
smoking and cancer.
-- The old calendars are a link with the past.
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economy:
(1) control and management of the money, goods and
other resources of a community, society or household (~)
Examples:
-- The Industrial Revolution wiped out cottage economy
in Britain.
-- The development of economy is of
utmost importance to a country.
(2) careful use of money, time, strength, etc.
Example:
-- It is never a shame to practise economy.
38. anyway
(1) in any case
Examples:
-- It's no use crying over spilt milk, anyway.
-- Anyway you can try.
(2) by any possible means
Example:
-- There must be something wrong with my computer. I couldn't get
hooked up to the internet anyway.
39. tempt:
(1) persuade (sb.) to do sth. wrong or foolish
Examples:
--The serpent tempted Eve to eat the forbidden fruit.
-- He was tempted into selling top military secrets to foreign
intelligence agents.
(2) attract
Examples:
-- I feel tempted to eat more than is good for my health.
-- The spring sun tempted us to go for a walk.
40. "beat the system": defeat or get the upper hand of the system
Phrases & Expressions:
according to: based on 根据
电话费根据一天中的不同时段而不同。
 Telephone charges vary according to the
time of the day.
2. It can be argued such response may not
mean much.
人们可以争论说，这样的回答也许没有多大
意义。
 It can be argued…..这里用被动语态避免直
接提到主语是谁
 mean much=be of importance 有重要的价
值
mean everything 意味着一切
1.
3. be faced with : face 面对，面临
 他们面对着困境。
 They are faced with a very difficult
situation.
4. be hard on : be too strict with 对……
过于严格
 别对她太苛求了，她毕竟只是个孩子。
 Don’t be too hard on her; she is a
child after all.
5. a case in point ： a very good example
恰当的例子,佐证
 Nowadays, parents tend to spoil their
children; my neighbor is a case in point.
6. Colleges and universities across the
nation have decided to do more than
talk about the rise in student cheating.
 across= throughout 全部，整个
 across the nation/ world/ city……
 to do more than talk = do sth. instead of
just talking 不止是说说而已
 We must do more than talk. It’s time for
action.
7. all but: all except 除了……以外都
 除了三名成员外，其他人都交了所得税。
 All but three of the members have paid
their income taxes.
8. be different from: differ from, be
unlike 不同于
 Man is different from other animals in
his ability to learn and use a language.
9. think of…as : regard or consider…as
把……看作，认定……为
 I think of him as a happy person with lots of
friends.
10. in the case of : as far as…be concerned,
as to 就……来说，至于……
 就人口而言，中国是世界上最大的国家。
 In the case of the population.China is the
largest country in the world.
 辨析in the case of,in case of与in case
in case of: for fear that sth. should
happen; if sth should happen 以防；万一

你最好带把雨伞，以防下雨。

In case of rain, you’d better take an umbrella.
in case: if, for fear that 如果，以防

如果他来的话，告诉我一声。

In case he comes, let me know.

Take your umbrella with you in case it rains.
11. out of : from among 其中，……之中
 Six out of ten people in town have seen the
movie Titanic.
12. come to: arrive at a particular state 变成
(某种状态)
 They are disappointed that their efforts have
come to nothing.（完全失败，成泡影）
13. It’s less likely. 可能性比较小。
 It’s likely that….. 从句，很可能
 It’s very likely that he will come again.
 It’s likely to ….. 可能会
 It’s likely to snow in the evening.
14. at one’s (the) best: in a state as
good as possible 处于最佳状态
 早上是我状态最佳的时候。
 I am never at my best early in the
morning.
15. ebb and flow 潮的涨落,盛衰,消长
Part IV Supplement
----Some English Tests
1)TOFEL: Test of English as a Foreign Language
托福考试
2)GRE: Graduate Record Examination
研究生考试
3)GMAT Graduate Management Admission Test
研究生管理科学入学考试
4)IELTS: International English Language Testing Service
国际英语测试(雅思）
5)PETS: Public English Test System
全国公共英语等级考试
6)BEC: Business English Certificate
商务英语证书
7)CET4: College English Test Band 4
大学英语四级考试
Proficiency Test 水平测试
Achievement Test 成绩测试
an oral test
口试
Aptitude Test 素质测试
Diagnose Test 诊断测试
a written test
笔试