What are they?
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Study of the physical world, its inhabitants, the
interaction between the two, and the patterns &
systems involved.
Study of humans interacting with their environment
including the physical environment, the built
environment and socially constructed spaces
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1. Location
2. Place
3. Regions
4. Movement
5. Human-Environmental Interaction
Absolute Location
Exact location of a place
 i.e. Latitude &
Longitude(Global Location)
 i.e. Street Address (Local
Location)
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Ex. Kent, WA is located at the
intersection of 47° 23’ N. Latitude and
122° 14’ W. Longitude
(or)
Kentwood High School is located
at 25800, 164th Ave. SE
Covington, WA 98042-8248
Relative Location
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Illustrates a location as it
relates to its environment
Described by landmarks,
time, direction, or distance
from one place to another
and may associate a
particular place with
another.
i.e. across the street from
Starbucks
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Absolute Location:
Canberra, the capital of Australia, is located at 35°S latitude and 149°E longitude.
The letters S and E refer to hemispheres. The latitude reveals to us that the city of
Canberra is in the Southern Hemisphere. The location explains why the seasons in
Australia are opposite of those in the United States. The longitude tells us
Canberra is in the Eastern Hemisphere, which means that is in on the opposite side
of the world than the US.
Relative Location:
Relative location can affect a country’s history and way of life in unexpected ways.
Australia's nearest neighbors are South Pacific Islands, but its language and culture
came from far away: Great Britain.
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Places are defined by Physical and Human characteristics and can
be described by Images as well.
Human Characteristics
Ideas and actions of
people that change the
environment
i.e. buildings, roads,
clothing, and food
habits
Physical Characteristics
- describes the material
surroundings
- i.e. mountains, rivers,
soil, beaches, wildlife
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Images people have of places are based on their
intellectual and emotional experiences. People’s
descriptions of a place reveal their values,
attitudes and perceptions.
How is Kent connected to other places?
What are the human and physical characteristics
of Kent?
How do these images of Kent shape our lives?
Great Wall Of China
Machu Picchu (Peru)
The Space Needle
Berlin Wall
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Sahara Desert (Africa)
The Great Barrier Reef (Australia)
Mount Fuji (Japan)
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Niagara Falls (New York)
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Region divides the world into manageable units for
geographic study.
Regions have some sort of characteristic which unifies
the area. (government, language, landforms &/or
location etc.)
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Regions are human constructs that can be mapped
and analyzed
There are 3 kinds of regions:
 Formal
 Functional
 Vernacular
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These are regions that are designated by official
boundaries and are not open to dispute.
For the most part, they are clearly indicated &
publicly known
Examples: Continents, Countries, States,
Cities, Counties
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These are regions that are defined by their
connections.
If the function ceases to exist, the region no
longer exists.
Example: circulation area for a major city’s
newspaper is the functional region of that paper.
Example: School district boundaries are the
borders of functional region for that school.
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These are regions that are perceived. (The
perception is based upon something that
encompasses the region such as a lifestyle, or
dialect.)
These regions have no formal boundaries but are
understood in our mental maps of the world.
Examples: “The South”, “Middle East” or the
“The Midwest”
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This theme studies movement and migration
across the planet.
The movement of people, goods and ideas have
all shaped our world.
People move because we are social creatures.
We live in a global village & a global economy
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People interact with each other through travel, trade,
information flows (technology) and political events.
Goods travel from place to place to be bought or sold,
primarily because there is a demand for them else where.
Ideas and philosophies are shared through books,
information flows (T.V., Internet, e-mail etc.)
newspapers or politics.
What is an example of an idea that moves? Fashion?
Fad?
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How do humans and the environment affect each other? We
change the environment and then sometimes Mother Nature
changes it back.(floods, hurricanes & earthquakes)
There are three key concepts to human/environmental
interaction:
How humans adapt to the environment
 Adaptation: a change in a way of living
to suit new conditions
Ex. wearing clothes suitable to the season, etc…
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How humans modify the environment
 Modification: a change in the environment
to suit human preferences
Ex. includes heating or cooling buildings for comfort, etc…
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How humans depend on the environment
 Dependence: the state of relying on or needing
something from the environment for aid, support,
economic support.
Ex. use of rivers or other waterways for water and transportation /drinking
water etc…
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 What
are some other examples
of Adaptation, Modification,
and Dependence?
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Traditional Tahitian house of
coconut trunks and pandanus leaves.
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Irrigation for crops
Great Lakes
Shipping & Industry
Recreation
Hydroelectric power for homes
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& businesses
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All places on earth have advantages and
disadvantages for human settlement. One
person’s advantage may be another person’s
disadvantage
- EX: Large Cities vs. The Countryside
How have we adapted to our environment in
Kent/Covington?
How do we depend on our environment in
Kent/Covington?
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What is one main idea you took away
from today’s Power Point?
Without looking what are the 5 themes
of Geography?
Questions?