Software Licenses & Copyright
Objective: “I can understand and identify software
licenses and copyright”
1. Software Copyright
• Software copyright is used by
companies to prevent the
unauthorized copying of their
software.
• Free and open source licenses
also rely on copyright law to
enforce their terms.
• Copyleft is a type of copyright
license that allows
redistributing the work (with
or without changes) on
condition that recipients are
also granted these rights.
2. Proprietary Software
(also called closed source)
List (5) five of your
favorite games that are
proprietary software.
• Proprietary software (software
you purchase) or closed source
software is computer software
licensed under exclusive legal
right of the copyright holder.
• The licensee (one who purchases
the software) is given the right to
use the software only under
certain conditions, and restricted
from other uses, such as
modification, sharing, studying,
redistribution, or reverse
engineering.
3. Commercial Software
(also called payware)
• Commercial software, or sometimes called
“payware,” is computer software that is produced
for sale or that serves commercial or business
purposes.
List (5) five
commercial
software
packages.
4. Shareware
(also called trialware or demoware)
• Shareware (also called trialware or
demoware) is proprietary software that
is provided to users without payment
on a trial basis and may be functional
for a limited time period only.
• Shareware is often offered as a
download from a website usually
indicated as “Try.”
• Shareware gives buyers the
opportunity to use the program and
judge its usefulness before purchasing
a license for the full version of the
software.
5. Free and Open-source software
List (5)
• Free and open-source software
(FOSS) is software that is both
free
free software and open source.
software
packages • It is liberally licensed to grant
users the right to use, copy,
.
study, change, and improve its
design through the availability of
its source code.
• Free refers to the freedom to
copy and re-use the software,
rather than to the price of the
software.
6. Public Domain Software
• Public domain software is software that has been placed
in the public domain, in other words there is absolutely no
ownership such as copyright, trademark, or patent.
• “Public domain" may also be used to mean free, as in
having no cost.
• Public domain means that the creator of the work, with no
strings attached, has given up all rights to the work.
• It means that you may do anything with the work that you
want - read it, publish it, put it on CD-ROM, change it.
• Public domain doesn't mean a work is owned by no one; it
means it is owned by everyone.
Ethics in Computer and
Software Usage
Objective: “I can understand software
licenses and copyright, freeware vs.
shareware, and computer ethics.”
1. 10 Commandments of
Computer Ethics
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Thou shalt not use a computer to harm other people.
Thou shalt not interfere with other people's computer work.
Thou shalt not snoop around in other people's computer files.
Thou shalt not use a computer to steal.
Thou shalt not use a computer to false witness.
Thou shalt not copy or use proprietary software for which you have
not paid.
7. Thou shalt not use other people's computer resources without
authorization or proper compensation.
8. Thou shalt not appropriate other people's intellectual output.
9. Thou shalt think about the social consequences of the program
you are writing or the system you are designing.
10. Thou shalt always use a computer in ways that ensure
consideration and respect for your fellow humans.
2. Computer Ethics
• Ethics is a set of moral
principles that govern the
behavior of a group or
individual.
• Computer ethics is set of
moral principles that regulate
the use of computers.
• Some common issues of computer ethics include
intellectual property rights (such as copyrighted
electronic content), privacy concerns, and how
computers affect society.
3. Intellectual Property Rights
• While it is easy to duplicate copyrighted electronic (or digital) content,
computer ethics would suggest that it is wrong to do so without the
author's approval.
• Intellectual Property Rights include: Patents, Database rights,
Trademarks, Copyright, Performers Rights, Design Rights.
4. Software Piracy
• Software Piracy is
using software that
is not registered to
you, copied from
someone else, or
you did NOT
purchase. It’s both
illegal and
unethical.
5. Privacy Concerns
• While it may be possible to access
someone's personal information on a
computer system, computer ethics
would advise that such an action is
unethical.
6. How Computers Affect Society
• As technology advances, computers continue to have a greater
impact on society.
• Computer ethics promotes the discussion of how much
influence computers should have in areas such as artificial
intelligence and human communication.
Viruses, Spyware, & Malware
Objective: “I can identify, protect, and
remove computer viruses.”
Types
How to protect your computer
How to remove
1. Types of Viruses
• Trojan Horse: Secretly the program performs other, undesired functions.
A Trojan Horse neither replicates nor copies itself. A Trojan Horse must be
sent by someone or carried by another program and may arrive in the form
of a joke program or software of some sort.
• Worms: A worm is a program that makes and facilitates the distribution of
copies of itself; for example, from one disk drive to another, or by copying
itself using email or another transport mechanism.
• Rootkit Virus: A rootkit virus is an undetectable virus which attempts to
allow someone to gain control of a computer system. The term rootkit comes
from the Linux administrator root user. These viruses are usually installed by
Trojans and are normally disguised as operating system files.
2. How can I Protect My Computer
Against Viruses
• Install an antivirus program. Installing an antivirus program and
keeping it up to date can help defend your computer against
viruses.
•
•
•
Do not open suspicious e-mail attachments. Many viruses are attached to
e-mail messages and will spread as soon as you open the e-mail
attachment. Do not open e-mail from someone that’s unfamiliar to you.
Keep Windows updated. Periodically, Microsoft releases special security
updates that can help protect your computer. These updates can help
prevent viruses and other computer attacks by closing possible security
holes. Make sure that Windows receives these updates by turning on
Windows automatic updating (choose Control Panel, Automatic Updates).
Use a firewall. Windows Firewall or any other firewall can help alert you to
suspicious activity if a virus or worm attempts to connect to your
computer. It can also block viruses, worms, and hackers from attempting
to download potentially harmful programs to your computer (choose
Control Panel, Windows Firewall).
3. How Can I Remove a Computer Virus?
•
•
•
We all know malware is out there. Malware (also called Spyware &
Adware) includes applications that spy on you, corrupt your data,
destroy your hard drive or give control of your machine to someone
thousands of miles away.
How can I tell if my computer has a virus? If you answer “Yes” to
any of the following questions, then you probably have a virus (or
Malware) Is your computer running very slowly? Are you getting
unexpected messages, or are programs starting automatically? Is
your modem or hard disk working overtime?
If your computer is infected with a virus, you'll want to remove it as
quickly as possible. A fast way to check for viruses is to use an
online scanner, such as the Microsoft Safety Scanner
(http://www.microsoft.com/security/scanner/en-us/default.aspx). The
scanner is a free online service that helps you identify and remove
viruses, clean up your hard disk, and generally improve your
computer's performance.
Identifying Popular Software
Objective: “I can understand,
evaluate, and use computer software.”
1. What are .exe files?
• Executable files that end in the “.exe”
extension are the actual program files. This
is the startup file that begins software.
• For example: To start Word, the startup file
is named WINWORD.EXE. If you navigate
to the file in the Windows File System
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office14
just double-click on the WINWORD.EXE file
and Word will open.
• Try this with EXCEL.EXE &
POWERPNT.EXE … What happens?
• Navigate to C:\Windows and double-click
on NOTEPAD.EXE … What happens?
NOTE: In Windows 7, software programs are also found in C:\Program Files(x86)
2. Word Processing Software
• Word Processing software is software which processes words. It is
used to type letters, documents, reports, etc. Microsoft Word,
OpenOffice Writer, WordPad, and Notepad are some examples.
• Microsoft Word uses some of the following file extensions:
– .docx (latest Microsoft Word document extension), “document1.docx”
– .doc (older Word 1997-2013 document extension), “document1.doc”
– .pdf (Portable Network Document, can be read by all browsers),
“document1.pdf”
• Open Office Writer uses the .sdw file extension, “document.sdw”
• Notepad uses the .txt file extension, “document1.txt”
• WordPad uses the .rtf (Rich Text Format) file extension,
“document1.rtf”
3. Spreadsheet Software
• A spreadsheet is simply a digital calculator. Spreadsheets are a table of
values arranged in rows and columns. Each value sits in a cell. You can
define what type of data is in each cell and how different cells depend on one
another. The relationships between cells are called formulas, and the names
of the cells are called labels.
• Microsoft Excel, OpenOffice Calc, and Google Spreadsheet are some
examples of spreadsheet software.
• Microsoft Excel uses some of the following file extensions:
– .xlsx (latest Microsoft Excel spreadsheet extension), “sheet1.xlsx”
– .xls (older Excel 1997-2013 spreadsheet extension), “sheet1.xls”
– .pdf (Portable Network Document, can be read by all browsers), “sheet1.pdf”
• OpenOffice uses the .ods (Open Spreadsheet) file extension, “sheet1.ods”
• Google Spreadsheet can be exported as any of the above extensions.
4. Presentation Software
• A presentation program is a software package used to display information in
the form of a slide show. It has three major functions: (1) An editor that
allows text to be inserted and formatted, (2) A method for inserting and
manipulating graphic images, and (3) A slide-show system to display the
content.
• Microsoft PowerPoint, OpenOffice Impress, Google Presentation, and Prezi
are some examples of presentation software.
• Microsoft PowerPoint uses some of the following file extensions:
– .pptx (latest Microsoft PowerPoint extension), “pres1.pptx”
– .ppt (older Microsoft PowerPoint extension), “pres1.ppt”
– .pdf (Portable Network Document, can be read by all browsers), “pres1.pdf”
• OpenOffice Impress uses the .odp (Open Document Presentation) file
extension, “pres1.odp”
• Google Presentation can be exported as any of the above extensions.
5. Database Software
• A database is an organized collection of data. The data is typically
organized to model relevant aspects of reality (for example, the availability
of rooms in hotels). Database management systems (DBMSs) are specially
designed applications that interact with the user, other applications, and the
database itself to capture and analyze data.
• Microsoft Access, OpenOffice Base, MySQL, and Oracle are some
examples of database software.
• Microsoft Access uses some of the following file extensions:
– .accdb (latest Microsoft Access extension), “database1.accdb”
– .mdb (older Microsoft Access extension), “database1.mdb”
• OpenOffice Base uses the .odb (Open Document Database) file extension,
“database1.odb”
6. Graphics Software
• Graphics software (or image editing software) enables a person to
manipulate visual images on a computer. Computer graphics can be
classified into two distinct categories: raster or bitmap graphics (pixels)
and vector graphics (based on mathematical expressions).
• Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator, Flash, Gimp (free), and Google Picasa
(free), are some examples of graphics software.
• All graphics software use some of the following file extensions:
–
–
–
–
–
.bmp (bitmap, oldest format, used with low-resolution clip art)
.jpg (compressed, used for photos and with digital cameras)
.gif (transparent and may be animated)
.png (portable network graphic, free, open-source, higher quality than a .gif)
.tiff (not compressed, photograph file standard used in the printing business
7. Multimedia Software
•
•
•
•
•
Multimedia includes a combination of text, audio, still images, animation,
and video to create an interactive presentation in its final form.
Multimedia presentations may be viewed by person on stage, projected,
transmitted, or played locally with a media player. A broadcast may be a
live or recorded multimedia presentation. Digital online multimedia may
be downloaded or streamed. Streaming multimedia may be live or ondemand.
Multimedia games and simulations may be used in a physical
environment with special effects, with multiple users in an online network,
or locally with an offline computer, game system, or simulator.
Adobe SoundBooth, Premiere Pro, Director, Audacity (free), Final Cut
Pro, and Windows Movie Maker (free) are some examples of multimedia
software.
All multimedia software use some of the following file extensions:
–
–
–
–
–
–
.wmv (Windows Media Video foramt, developed by Microsoft)
.mp4 (Digital Multimedia format used to store video and audio)
.mov (QuickTime Movie format, developed by Apple)
.mp3 (format for digital audio)
.avi (both audio and video data in a file developed by Microsoft)
.flv (Flash Video is the standard for online video)
8. What are .zip files and folders?
• .ZIP is an archive file format that supports data compression. A .ZIP file
may contain one or more files or folders that may have been compressed.
• .ZIP files and folders are often used to increase the speed of uploading or
downloading from the internet.
• .ZIP files and folders can also be used as e-mail attachments.
• To ZIP a file or folder, go to the computer’s file system and right-click on the
folder or file to be compressed. Choose “Send To” then “Compressed
(zipped) folder.