Green Computing Course (CS598tar):
Major Green Initiatives
November 18, 2010
Parya Moinzadeh
PhD. Candidate and
Research Assistant in Computer Science
Dept. of Computer Science
University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign
E-mail: moinzad1@illinois.edu
Reza Shiftehfar
PhD. Student and
Research Assistant in Computer Science
Dept. of Computer Science
University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign
E-mail: sshifte2@illinois.edu
Major Green Initiatives
Outline:
Introduction
Companies to study:
Google
HP
Apple
Microsoft
Intel
IBM
Greenwashing
2
What is a “Green Business”?
An organization that is:
environmentally sustainable
socially responsible
Enterprise that has:
no negative impact on the global or local
environment, community, society, or
economy.
progressive environmental and human
rights policies
What is a “Green Business”?
Companies that
serve a specific,
environmentbenefiting
purpose
Businesses that
employ ecofriendly
practices though
the overall
function is not
related to the
environment
Consumer perception vs environmental realities
Earthsense
Polled US consumers on their
perceptions of the "greenness" of
various companies.
Trucost,
Compiled an unparalleled quantitative
assessment of companies' global
environmental impact.
Consumer perception vs environmental realities
Consumer perception vs environmental realities
Consumer perception vs environmental realities-Google
Consumer perception vs environmental realities-MS
Consumer perception vs environmental realities-Yahoo!
Consumer perception vs environmental realities-Apple
Consumer perception vs environmental realities-Dell
Going Green at
Powering a Clean Energy Revolution
RE<C
Investments
eSolar
AltaRock
BrightSource
Green Energy
Google PowerMeter
RechargeIT
Clean Energy 2030
Going Green at
Powering a Clean Energy Revolution
Efficient Computing
Going Green at
Powering a Clean Energy Revolution
Efficient Computing
Reducing Carbon Footprint
Going Green at
Powering a Clean Energy Revolution
Efficient Computing
Reducing Carbon Footprint
Green Employee Programs
Bikes on
Campus
Biodiesel
Shuttles
Composting
Green Design
Elements
GFleet
Going Green at
Powering a Clean Energy Revolution
Efficient Computing
Reducing Carbon Footprint
Green Employee Programs
Helping Others Go Green
Efficient Computing
Five step plan
1.
Minimize electricity used by servers
2.
Reduce the energy used by the data center
facilities
3.
Conserve precious fresh water by using
recycled water instead
4.
Reuse or recycle all electronic equipment that
leaves our data centers
5.
Engage with our peers to advance smarter
energy practices
Five Step Plan:
1-Efficient Servers
Major sources of energy waste:
Converting electricity from one kind to another
Voltage regulator circuitry
Five Step Plan:
1-Efficient Servers
Omit parts that aren't needed for applications
Energy proportionality
Power Provisioning for a Warehouse-sized Computer
Xiaobo, Fan Wolf-Dietrich Weber, Luiz André Barroso
Google Inc.
More energy proportional systems could cut in half the total energy
used by large data center operations.
Five Step Plan:
2-Efficient Data Centers
Limiting energy waste
Reduce power spent on cooling
Water evaporation
• Reduced the energy-weighted average
overhead across all Google-built data
centers to 19% versus the average of 96%
reported by the EPA.
Sustainable IT
Dynamic Smart Cooling
Data Center Thermal Assessment
Services
Energy-adaptive Displays
Keep Chips Cool
Video Conferencing
Nanotechnology
Sustainable IT
Sustainable IT Ecosystems:
Enabling Next-Generation Cities
Christopher E. Hoover, Ratnesh K. Sharma, Brian J. Watson, Susan
K. Charles, Amip J. Shah, Chandrakant D.
Patel, Manish Marwah, Thomas W. Christian, and Cullen E. Bash
Summary:
ecosystem-scale life-cycle design
scalable and configurable infrastructure building blocks
pervasive sensing
data analytics and visualization
autonomous control
Sustainable IT
Green Server Design: Beyond Operational Energy
to Sustainability
Jichuan Chang, Justin Meza, Parthasarathy Ranganathan, Cullen
Bash, Amip Shah
Summary:
Examine the entire lifecycle of the system
include material use and
Manufacturing
Methodology for lifecycle analysis
Sustainable IT
Lifecycle-based Data Center Design
Justin Meza, Rocky Shih, Amip Shah, Parthasarathy Ranganathan,
Jichuan Chang, Cullen Bash
Summary:
Material-efficient physical organization
Environmentally-efficient cooling infrastructures
Effective design of system architectures to reuse
components.
Sustainable IT
Improving the efficiency of information collection
and analysis in widely-used
IT applications
Sergey Blagodurov, Martin Arlitt
Summary
Systematically evaluate the inefficiencies in the information
collection and analysis of several widely used IT applications
Implement a more efficient solution
Quantify the improvements
A Greener Apple
Removing Toxic Chemicals
Lead
Cadmium. Hexavalent, Chromium,
Decabromodiphenyl, Ether
Arsenic,Mercury
Polyvinyl, Chloride, Brominated flame
retardants
Recycling Products (E-Waste)
Microsoft
MICROSOFT DYNAMICS AND
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
WHAT IS SUSTAINABILITY?
Sustainable development is development
that meets the needs of the present
without “In
compromising
the ability
of
our every deliberation,
we must
the impact
our decisions
on
future consider
generations
to of
meet
their own
the next seven generations.”
needs
Microsoft
MICROSOFT DYNAMICS AND
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
Environmental Sustainability
Dashboard
Microsoft
MICROSOFT DYNAMICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL
SUSTAINABILITY
A more energy efficient Vista
Intelligent idling of hardware to conserve power
System Sleep
Monitor Blanking
Hard Disk Drive Spin Down
Customizable power plans to refine power settings
Balanced
Power Saver
High Performance
Centralized management of power settings
Microsoft
MICROSOFT DYNAMICS AND
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
Microsoft
MICROSOFT DYNAMICS AND
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
Microsoft Green Initiative
Energy Awareness for PCs:
Energy costs are rising
PC energy consumption
has doubled since 2000
EPA estimates
PCs use ~2% of all
electricity consumed
Businesses trimming costs
Home users are
thinking “green”
http://www.energystar.gov/ia/
partners/prod_development/revisions
/downloads/computer/TierII_Network
_Issue_Slides.pdf
PC on 24/7 is 8% of
household power usage
[Source: http://www.microsoft.com/environment/greenit/ ]
33
Microsoft Green Initiative
Sleeping PC Equals Real Savings:
PC sleeping 14 hours per day saves 598–760 kWh per
year
Approximately $63,500 per year for 1,000 PCs
Saves 420-534 kg of CO2 from energy production
(~1/10 of average auto)
[Source: http://www.microsoft.com/environment/greenit/ ]
34
Microsoft Green Initiative
Microsoft:
Save Energy. Save Money. Save Environment.
Environmental sustainability and financial sustainability
are not mutually exclusive
Their strategy can be summarized as:
Reduce
Manage
Rethink
[Source: http://www.microsoft.com/environment/greenit/ ]
35
Microsoft Green Initiative
Microsoft:: Reduce
Reduce your current IT energy consumption and carbon emissions using
Microsoft products
Windows 7:
Reduced power consumption:
Performance optimization
Idle process utilization:: removing background activities so that
system can enter low power states more frequently
Device power management:: spinning discs more efficiently
during DVD playback
Enhanced power management on portable computers
More tools for IT pros to manage their power consumption
New trigger service capability to allow background processes to
start only when a specific event occurs
[Source: http://www.microsoft.com/environment/greenit/ ]
36
Microsoft Green Initiative
Windows 7 Power Goals:
PC should sleep when idle
Preserve remote availability
Reduce energy consumption at runtime
Power down devices when not in use
[Source: http://www.microsoft.com/environment/greenit/ ]
Microsoft Green Initiative
Windows 7 Power Goals:
Deep focus on idle:
40.00
35.00
30.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
-
0
50
CPU Utilization (%)
100
8%
7%
6%
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
Clean Install
IT Image
[Source: http://www.microsoft.com/environment/greenit/ ]
Microsoft Green Initiative
Windows 7 Power Goals:
Device Power Management
Adaptive display brightness
Dim the mobile PC display after
a period of user inactivity
Intelligent policy—timeout automatically adjusts with user
input
Does not interfere with presentations,
full-screen media playback
Processor power management
Updates to core performance state algorithm
Core parking
[Source: http://www.microsoft.com/environment/greenit/ ]
Microsoft Green Initiative
Windows 7 Power Goals:
Device Power Management
Audio
Support for the latest Intel HD Audio
low-power specifications
USB audio class selective suspend
Bluetooth
Radio enters selective suspend
when connections are in sniff mode
Wired LAN runtime idle detection
NIC automatically enters D3
when media is disconnected
[Source: http://www.microsoft.com/environment/greenit/ ]
Microsoft Green Initiative
Microsoft Virtualization:
By enabling multiple operating systems to run on a
single server, potentially reducing energy use by up
to 90%
Server Virtualization
Desktop Virtualization
Private Cloud
Virtualization
Management
[Source: http://www.microsoft.com/virtualization/en/us/products-server.aspx ]
Microsoft Green Initiative
Microsoft Virtualization:
Server Virtualization
Having several servers on one machine
Prevents many under-utilized machines
Leads to a smaller number of fully-used machines
E.g.
Windows Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V
Live migration => increased availability of virtualized data
centers
Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2008 R2
Enables workload consolidation onto a single physical
server
Microsoft Virtual Server 2005 R2
Simpler management of hardware resources
[Source: http://www.microsoft.com/virtualization/en/us/products-server.aspx ]
Microsoft Green Initiative
Microsoft Virtualization:
Desktop Virtualization
OS Virtualization
Allows users to access desktops running in the datacenter
This leads to:
anywhere access from connected devices
Increased business continuity
Application Virtualization:
Allows isolation of applications from the OS and other apps
This eliminates the conflicts between application and removes
the need to install applications on PCs
Leads to streams applications on demand over the internet
Reduce the end user impacts associated with application
upgrade/patching and termination
User Data Virtualization: Separates user data from PCs
[Source: http://www.microsoft.com/virtualization/en/us/products-server.aspx ]
Microsoft Green Initiative
Microsoft Virtualization:
Private Cloud
implementation of cloud services on resources that are
dedicated to your organization, whether they exist onpremises or off-premises
Offers the benefits of public cloud computing—including
self-service, scalability, and elasticity—with the additional
control and customization available from dedicated
resources
Microsoft offer this in 2 models:
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):infrastructure resources
(compute, network, and storage) are the services
Platform as a Service (PaaS): provides a complete application
platform as a service.
[Source: http://www.microsoft.com/virtualization/en/us/products-server.aspx ]
Microsoft Green Initiative
Microsoft:: Manage
Microsoft Dynamics AX:
a cost-effective solution designed to track your
energy consumption, carbon footprint, and related
costs
[Source: http://www.microsoft.com/environment/greenit/ ]
45
Microsoft Green Initiative
Microsoft:: Rethink
Microsoft United Communication:
enable collaboration and limit the need for
expensive travel
positively impact the environment
E.g.
Exchange Server
Office Communications Server
[Source: http://www.microsoft.com/environment/greenit/ ]
46
Intel Green Initiative
Intel:: Eco-Technology
Recognized by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for being the
largest purchaser of green power in the US
Main areas include:
Sustainable manufacturing
Energy-efficient performance
Designing for the environment
Policy and industry
[Source: http://www.intel.com/technology/ecotech/index.htm ]
47
Intel Green Initiative
Intel:: Eco-Tecnology
Sustainable manufacturing
operational energy consumption is reduced by 20 percent per
product unit in the last three years
87 percent of their chemical waste and 80 percent of their solid
waste in 2007 is recycled or reused
moved to lead-free and halogen-free products in 2008
Energy-efficient performance
development of 45nm process technology: dramatically increase
processor energy efficiency
Intel QuickPath Technology
Dynamic resource scaling
Integrated memory controller (IMC)
Smart cache
Datacenter efficiency
[Source: http://www.intel.com/technology/ecotech/index.htm ]
48
Intel Green Initiative
Intel:: Eco-Tecnology
Designing for the environment
eco-smart products are designed with innovative materials that
deliver energy-efficient performance while maintaining responsible
manufacturing practices.
By using innovative materials that preserve product integrity, Intel
continues to reduce its environmental footprint.
lead-free and halogen-free products
Saved over 9 billion gallons of fresh water through our water reuse
and recycling practices
Recycled more than 70 percent of our chemical and solid wastes
Reduced our global warming gas emissions the equivalent of
removing 50,000 cars from the road
[Source: http://www.intel.com/technology/ecotech/index.htm ]
49
Intel Green Initiative
Intel:: Eco-Tecnology
Policy and industry
collaboration with environmental organizations, government, and
industry leaders
Intel Open Energy Initiative
Policy influence
Leadership in relevant government programs, standards bodies,
consortia, and coalitions
Partnerships with utilities on energy efficiency and smart grid
programs
Strategic venture investment via Intel Capital
Climate Savers Computing Initiative
By 2010, the Initiative's goal is to reduce global computer CO2
emissions by 54 million tons per year, equivalent to the annual
output of 11 million cars or 10-20 coal-fired power plants.
[Source: http://www.intel.com/technology/ecotech/index.htm ]
50
Intel Green Initiative
Intel:: Eco-Tecnology
Policy and industry
Climate Savers Computing Initiative
Replacement of existing computing equipment with new,
high efficiency servers
Virtualization projects for data centers and networks
EPA and Intel: Advancing sustainability
Maximizing energy efficiency
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions
The Green Grid
a global consortium of IT companies and professionals seeking
to improve energy efficiency in data centers and business
computing ecosystems around the globe
[Source: http://www.intel.com/technology/ecotech/index.htm ]
51
IBM Green Initiative
IBM
A Smarter Planet for a sustainable future
Innovation for the planet
Make existing products and processes more efficient
Develop new innovations that lead to smarter world with lessen
environmental impact
The Smarter City
Homes know when to buy power and data keeps traffic moving
Smart buildings
Smarter building on a smarter planet
Asset Management
Energy Management
Space Management
Facility Management
Integrate Physical and digital infrastructure
Green Sigma Coalition
[Source: http://www.ibm.com/ibm/green/index.shtml ]
52
IBM Green Initiative
IBM
Green infrastructure
IBM’s DemoCentral datacenter
IBM’s Data Center Family solutions
IBM BladeCenter HS22
Sustainable solutions
Green Sigma Coalition
Carbon Management
Greener Supply chains
[Source: http://www.ibm.com/ibm/green/index.shtml ]
53
IBM Green Initiative
IBM
Intelligent systems
Smart grid
Intelligent transportation systems
Advanced water management
Smarter oilfields
[Source: http://www.ibm.com/ibm/green/index.shtml ]
54
IBM Green Initiative
IBM
Environmental stewardship
Corporate social responsibility
[Source: http://www.ibm.com/ibm/green/index.shtml ]
55
Greenwashing
Greenwashing:
Reduce your current IT energy consumption and carbon emissions using
Microsoft products
Deceptive use of green marketing in order to promote a misleading
perception that a company's policies or products are environmentally
friendly
E.g.
putting an image of a forest on a bottle containing harmful chem
Wired magazine mentioned that slogans
environmentally benign business activity:
are
used
to
suggest
Comcast ecobill has the slogan of "Paper LESS is MORE" but ComCast
uses large amounts of paper for direct marketing
The Poland Spring ecoshape bottle is touted as "A little natural does
a lot of good", although 80% of beverage containers go to the
landfill
56
Greenwashing
Greenwashing:
The Airbus A380 airliner is described as "A better
environment inside and out" even though air travel has a
high negative environment cost.
Automakers continuously claim that their cars are "green",
"clean" or "environmentally friendly" in their advertising
guidelines however; a car cannot do anything good for the
environment except generating less damage than others.
Ford Motor Company using the name, "Ecoboost" for its
Taurus SHO 2010 model. The 2010 Taurus gets the same
fuel mileage (17/25mpg) as the 1990 model SHO
(16/24mpg). Advances have been made in horsepower but
not in mileage. The "Eco" suggestion is misleading as to the
environmental aspects of the car.
Finally, Google got goats to mow lawn at headquarter
57
References
X. Fan, W. Weber, L. A. Barroso, “Power Provisioning for a Warehouse-sized
Computer”, ISCA’07, June 9–13, 2007.
C.r E. Hoover, R. K. Sharma, B. J. Watson, S. K. Charles, A. J. Shah, C. D. Patel,
M. Marwah, T. W. Christian, and C. E. Bash, “Sustainable IT Ecosystems:
Enabling Next-Generation Cities”, 2010.
J. Chang, J. Meza, P. Ranganathan, C. Bash, A. Shah, “Green Server Design:
Beyond Operational Energy to Sustainability”, 2010.
J.Meza, R. Shih, A.Shah, P. Ranganathan, J.Chang, C. Bash, “Lifecycle-based
Data Center Design”, 2010.
S. Blagodurov, M.Arlitt, “Improving the efficiency of information collection and
analysis in widely-used IT applications”, 2010.
http://www.google.com/corporate/green/index.html
http://www.hpl.hp.com/research/sustainable_it/
http://www.microsoft.com/environment/greenit/
http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/dynamics/environment.aspx
http://www.newscientist.com/movie/green-companies
http://www.apple.com/hotnews/agreenerapple/