ELC 200
Day 5, 6 & 7
WWW
Agenda
• Assignment #1 partially corrected
– Still waiting for late assignments
– Grades are posted for those I have graded
• Assignment #2 due next class
• Quiz # 1 on Jan 30
– Change to syllabus
– Chap 1-3 of text
– 15 M/C (60 Points), 4 Short Essay (40 Points)
• Today we’ll discuss the World Wide Web and
Internet Architecture
WWW
2
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
Internet Architecture: Cable Types
Cable Types
•
•
•
•
•
•
Twisted-Pair Cable
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
Optical Fiber
Coaxial Cable
Wireless Technology
WWW
3
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
UTP Cable
WWW
4
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
Internet Architecture: Cable Types
Twisted-Pair Cable
• Consists of two pairs of insulated copper wires
twisted around each other
• Advantages
–
–
–
–
Protect against cross talk & interference
Easy to add computers to network
Well understood technology
Less expensive
• Disadvantages
–
–
–
–
Susceptibility to noise
Least secure
Distance limitations
Requires more expensive hubs
5
WWW
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
Internet Architecture: Cable Types
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
• Pair of wires do not have the shielding
against electrical interference
• Advantages
– Less expensive
– Easy to install
• Disadvantages
– Vulnerable to electromagnetic interference &
crosswalk
– Subject to attenuation
WWW
6
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
Internet Architecture: Cable Types
Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
• An electrically grounded woven copper
mesh wrapped around each twisted pair
• Advantage
– Reduces electromagnetic interference (EMI)
• Disadvantage
– Makes the wiring thick and is difficult to
maintain
WWW
7
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
Optical Fiber
WWW
8
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
Internet Architecture: Cable Types
Optical Fiber
• Uses light rather than voltage to indicate one and
zeros
• Advantages
–
–
–
–
High speed transmission
High security
Smallest in size
Supports voice & video data
• Disadvantages
–
–
–
–
Expensive
Difficult to install
Require two cables to transmit & receive data
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
Require special connections
9
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
WWW
Coaxial Cable
WWW
10
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
Internet Architecture: Cable Types
Coaxial Cable
• Copper center shielded by a plastic insulating
material
• Advantages
–
–
–
–
Transmits up to 10Mbps over 500m
Easy to install
Low maintenance
Good resistance to noise over long distances
• Disadvantages
– Inflexible
– Low security
– Limited distance
WWW
11
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
Internet Architecture: Cable Types
Wireless Technology
• Microwave
– Connect LANs in separate buildings
• Radio waves
– No distance limitations
– Susceptible to atmospheric and electronic
interference
– Subject to government regulations
• Infrared transmissions
– Interference from bright light
WWW
12
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
Internet Architecture: Key Components of a Network
Key Components of A Network
•
•
•
•
Network Interface Card (NIC)
Hubs & Switches
Routers
Gateways
WWW
13
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
Network Hardware
HUB
NIC
WWW
ROUTER/GATEWAY
SWITCH
14
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
Internet Architecture: Key Components of a Network
Network Interface Card
• Installed in a slot with a cable plugged into
the back
• Plugged into a wall jack connection or into
the hub/switch directly
• Modem
– Converts digital signals into analog form for
transmission and incoming analog signals into
digital signal across the telephone line
WWW
15
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
Internet Architecture: Key Components of a Network
Hubs & Switches
• Hub
– Operates at Physical Layer
– Acts as a connecting point
– Passive, active, and intelligent hubs
• Switch
– Offers direct connection to a particular PC
– Available for almost every OSI level
WWW
16
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
Internet Architecture: Key Components of a Network
Routers
• Operate at Internet Layer
• Evaluate network traffic and stop local
traffic from causing congestion
• Filter out packets that need not be received
• Expensive & difficult to operate
WWW
17
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
Internet Architecture: Key Components of a Network
Gateways
• Special-purpose computer allowing
communications between dissimilar systems
on the network
• Operate at Application Layer primarily
• Difficult to install & configure
• Expensive
WWW
18
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
Internet Architecture: Factors in Designing a Network
Factors in Designing a Network
•
•
•
•
•
•
Location
Capacity
Distance limitations
Cost
Potential growth
Security
WWW
19
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
Internet Architecture: Factors in Designing a Network
Factors in Selecting Network
Architecture
• Hardware requirements
• Software requirements
• Disaster recovery & fault-tolerance
requirements
• Corporate culture and organizational factors
WWW
20
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
Internet Architecture: Network Management System
Network Management System
•
•
•
•
•
Manager
Managed Nodes
Objects
Management Information Base (MIB)
Requests & responses
WWW
21
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
Network Management Based on
SNMP
Management
Information
Base (MIB)
Network Management
Software (Manager)
Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMP)
Management
Information
Base (MIB)
Management
Information
Base (MIB)
Command (Get, Set, etc.)
Response
Trap
WWW
RMON Probe
22
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
Large-Scale E-commerce Issues
•
•
•
•
Financial exposure
IP exposure
Legal security
Packet sniffing
WWW
23
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
Ensuring Corporate and
Information Security
• Firewalls
• IP Security
• Intrusion detection systems
WWW
24
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
Management Implications
Technical Talents Required
• Programming
– Procedural & Scripting
– Object Oriented
– Markup Languages
• System analysis
– Needs assessment
– System design and
Specification
– Project Management
WWW
• Networks
– Design
– Administration
– Security
• Databases
– Design
– Transaction
programming
– Administration
25
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
Management Implications
• High demand for Technical talent
–
–
–
–
Project Management
Business Knowledge
Communication Skills
High Salaries
• Retaining Talent
–
–
–
–
–
Constructive & Timely Feedback
Recognition & Appreciation
Championing Staff Causes
Support Employee Career goals
Match Industry Standards for Salary
WWW
26
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
Chapter 4
Intranets and Extranets
WWW
OBJECTIVES
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction
Technical Infrastructure
Planning an Intranet
E-mail and Intranet
Extranets
WWW
28
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
WHAT IS AN INTRANET?
• An organization-wide software and
information distribution system applying
Internet technology to a closed network
• Intranet operation is a communication
project designed by technical staff
• A network of people, not wired machines
• Usually runs in a client/server environment
and a local area network configuration
WWW
29
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
BENEFITS
• Links employees and managers together
• Automates a lot of intra-organizational
traffic
• Enables a company to gain better access to
its primary resources – knowledge and
experience
• Serves as a creative and empowering tool
• Establishes the foundation for developing
enterprise-wide information systems
WWW
30
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
BENEFITS (Cont’d)
• Provides a model for new internal
information management collaborative
computing
• Prepares a wealth of Internet knowledge to
employees
• Eases process integration
• Allows company to expand the system
WWW
31
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
APPLICATIONS
• Human Resources
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Employee handbook
Benefits information
Employee surveys
Internal/external recruiting
Candidate screening
Organizational charts
Newsletters
Company calendars
WWW
32
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
APPLICATIONS (Cont’d)
• Sales and Marketing
–
–
–
–
–
Product information
Market research
Prospecting
Managing sales contacts
Sales training
WWW
33
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
APPLICATIONS (Cont’d)
• Accounting and Finance
–
–
–
–
–
–
Financial reports
Expense reports
Accounts receivable/payable processing
Asset management
Policies and procedures
Payroll
WWW
34
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
APPLICATIONS (Cont’d)
• Manufacturing and Operations
–
–
–
–
Inventory control
Production schedules
Quality assurance
Part order/requisition system
WWW
35
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
WHY DOES A COMPANY
NEED AN INTRANET?
• A company has a large pool of information
to share among hundreds of its employees
• Intranets are cheap, robust and fast
• Intranets operate across platforms
• 24/7 to employees
• Information in intranet can be updated
quickly
WWW
36
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
• Client/Server Basis
– Client/Server software architecture: a versatile,
message-based, and modular infrastructure
intended to improve usability, flexibility,
interoperability and scalability
– Mainframe architecture: all intelligence is
within the central host computer
WWW
37
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
TYPES OF CLIENT/SERVER
ARCHITECTURE
• Two-tier architectures
– For an organization with 12-100 users
• Three-tier architectures
– User system interface
– Processing management
– Database management
WWW
38
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
TWO-TIER ARCHITECTURE
DESIGN
User System Interface
Database Management
WWW
39
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
THREE-TIER
ARCHITECTURE DESIGN
User System Interface
Process Management
Database Management
WWW
40
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
BASIC INTRANET-ENABLING
TECHNOLOGIES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Server and Client PCs
Web Server
Browsers
TCP/IP Electronic Mail
Graphic and Multimedia Files
Network File System (NFS)
Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
HTML Authoring Tools
HTML
Portable Electronic Document (PDF)
WWW
41
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
USING FIREWALLS
• Proxy
– “Go-between” agent that acts on behalf of
another
• Packet Filter
– Checks each packet at network level
WWW
42
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
ELC 200
Day 6
WWW
Agenda
• Assignment #1 corrected
– 8 A’s and 2 C’s
• Assignment #2 due
• Quiz # 1 Today
– Chap 1-3 of text
– 15 M/C (60 Points), 4 Short Essay (40 Points)
– Open book 60 min
• Today we’ll discuss the World Wide Web and
Internet Architecture
WWW
44
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
ELC 200
Day 7
WWW
Agenda
• Assignment #2 Corrected
– 2 A’s, 5 B’s, 1 D, 1 F and 1 non-submit
• Quiz # 1 Corrected
– 8 A’s, 1 B and 1 non-take
• Assignment #3 assigned today
– Due Feb 10
• Today finish Intranets and Extranets
• Begin Discussion on Web Management Tools and
Web Portals
WWW
46
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
Assignment # 3
• On page 129 and 130
– Do the following questions from the Discussion
Questions Section
– 1, 2, 3 & 7
• On Page 157
– Do the following questions from the Discussion
Questions Section
– 1, 2, 4, & 6
• Turn in a well formatted Word Document
• Due Feb 10 at the beginning of class
WWW
47
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
PLANNING AN INTRANET
•
•
•
•
•
•
Plan ahead
Provide justification with management support
Build an intranet in-house or outsource it
Form an Intranet team
Build and test a prototype
Ensure effective maintenance
WWW
48
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
E-MAIL and INTRANET
• Spamming
– Sending unwanted advertisements or literature
through e-mail
• Flaming
– Responding to a message or a call in anger
WWW
49
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
E-MAIL ETIQUETTE
• Write in different color to express attitude or
mood
• Keep sentences short
• Be aware of your office and organization culture
• Avoid flaming
• Don’t use e-mail to send bad news
• Don’t type in capital letters
WWW
50
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
EXTRANETS
• Lets limited, controlled business partners interact
with the firm for all kinds of exchanges
• System designers must collaborate to make sure
there is a common interface with the company
they are dealing with
• Benefits: faster time-to-market, customer loyalty,
increased partner interaction, and improved
processes
WWW
51
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
KEY CONSIDERATIONS
•
•
•
•
•
Identifying users
Listing technology components
Specifying security requirements
Discussing administration of extranet
Understanding usability of extranet
WWW
52
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
• Security
– Type of users
– Sensitivity of information transacted
– Communication lines used
• Manageability / administration
• Usability
WWW
53
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
ROLE OF CHAMPION
• Ensures accountability for the organization
• Promotes more effective collaboration with
business partners which improves potential
for increased revenue
• Provides a long-term investment in
competitive advantage
WWW
54
Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e
© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall