Changes noted on this slide. Slide count includes this new slide.
Slide 6: Argue moved from 1st in list to middle of list.
Slide 8: Put Creativity into list. Which two skills are you referring to in the notes?
Slide 10: Added “repeatable by others” to individual, dynamic and messy. I think that is the key difference
between science and arts, science and theology.
Slide 13: fixed spelling of “discussion”
Slide 15: Should one of these be “603?”
Slide 19: piechart changed to “scholarship”
Slide 20: clarified Points for Exams
Slide 23: Spelled out Misc
successful approach.
- Added piechart for summary discussion of grades and advice regarding
Slide 33: Link to NAS document explaining scientific method added
Slide 36: picture of Dalton added
Slides 37-38: inserted two slides since one of Dalton’s Laws mentioned here (and in book) is incorrect. A
great chance to bring up the fact that “Laws” are not immutable.
Slide 44: space added
Intersection 1: Intro to Gateway
9/5/06
Reading: 1.1-1.2 p 2-5
What is Chemistry?
1 : a science that deals with the composition,
structure, and properties of substances and with
the transformations that they undergo
2 a : the composition and chemical properties of a
substance <the chemistry of iron> b : chemical
processes and phenomena (as of an organism)
<blood chemistry>
3 : a strong mutual attraction, attachment, or
sympathy <they have a special chemistry>
http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=chemistry
To be a scientist or chemist…
• What do you think of when you think of
chemists?
Chemists
Discuss, model, explain, present, question,
experiment, read, calculate, form ideas,
propose hypotheses, argue, make
connections, conclude, think, learn, write,
observe, teach, collaborate, synthesize,
analyze, collect data, test, experiment, have
fun
Better living through chemistry…
Chemistry….
• What do you expect from this course?
•What do you want to be able to do?
Course Goals
To Be Chemists:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Chemistry concepts
Analysis & Connections
Creativity
Problem Solving
Communication and team work
Range of Chemistry Questions…
Knowledge: list, define, identify, recall
Comprehension: compare, contrast, group, order, discuss
Application: apply, calculate, solve
Analysis: analyze, separate, explain, connect, classify
Synthesis: combine, integrate, modify, rearrange, substitute,
plan, create, design, invent, what if?, compose, formulate
Evaluation: assess, decide, grade, test, measure, recommend,
convince, judge, explain, discriminate, support, conclude
Why Gateway?
• Is there a right way to do science?
purpose
hypothesis
results
conclusion
procedure
discussion
• Is there a right way to teach chemistry?
Model of the Scientific Method
Question
Hypothesis
Data/Fact Gathering
Evaluation
Gateway Chemistry
125, 126, 130
Section 600
Use of time
Nongateway vs. Gateway
9
hours/week
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Lab
Studio
Discussion
Discussion
Studio
Lecture
Lecture
Lecture
Lecture
Nongateway
Studio
Intersection
Gateway
Course components
• Intersection: Concept questions, lecture,
problem solving
• Studio: discussion, activities, models,
presentation, peer evaluation, models
(learning and applying) problem solving,
case studies, experimentation
Monday
Wednesday
Friday
Studio
601, 603
Studio
601, 603
Studio
601, 603
Studio
602, 604
Studio
602, 604
Studio
602, 604
Intersection
USB
9-11
11-1
1-3
3-5
Tuesday
Integrated Lecture and Lab
•Make connections
•A scientist isn’t a scientist without doing things that
scientists do
•Chemists don’t separate problem solving or concepts
from experimentation; they actually work in a studio like
environment
• Could I teach you how to drive a car without getting
behind the wheel?
Picture from:
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.autobytel.com/images/Autoshows/lashow/650/DSCN0174.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.
autobytel.com/content/research/index.cfm/action/showArticle/aid/139115&h=372&w=650&sz=25&tbnid=R3azSFCBeCQJ:&tbnh=77&tbn
w=135&hl=en&start=16&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcar%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN
Why teach like this?
• Average attention span is 20 minutes
• Cooperative learning has been shown to
help students increase learning
• People learn in a variety of ways
• Prepare you for future challenges that will
involve chemistry (be it classes or not)
http://main.uab.edu/show.asp?durki=1479
http://www.doctorsecrets.com/secrets-in-medicine/medical-school.html
Other Gateway Stuff
The website: http://www.umich.edu/~chemstu
Calendar:
http://www.umich.edu/~chemstu/calendar/calendar
_monthly_sept.htm
homework
14%
Grades
In class assessment
Homework (11 drop 1)
Scholarship
scholarship
43%
exams
29%
100
100
300
Individual Report/Analysis (4 = 120)
Group Presentation/Debate (3 = 80)
Group Watershed project (100)
Exams (3+final)
Total
in-class
14%
200
700
•
•
•
•
•
> 625 A> 550 B> 475 C> 400 D400 > E
• Readings
• Homework:
– 11 assignments, drop lowest grade.
– Due at the beginning of studio on Wednesday. No late
homework (after 1:10 or 3:10) will be accepted.
– Grading: 4 points for completing all of the assignment,
3 points each for two random problems that will be
graded.
• Exams
– 6-8pm on Tuesdays
– Points for Exams: 40, 45, 45, 65
In-class points
– Earn up to 100 in-class points
– Coursepack or to hand in a short writing assignment.
– Points may come for individual or group work.
0 -for a physical absence; OR endangered self or others
through safety violation
1 -participation has room much for improvement; work
partially complete; OR does not clean up area before
leaving
2 -sometimes mentally unengaged; runs long or rushes
through work
3 -good day's work; helps others, particularly group members;
engaged throughout class time; working to show learning
and improvement
4 -excellent work above and beyond what was expected;
thought creatively and made great connections
Scholarship Assignments
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
9/22 (I) Penny report (20 points)
9/29 (G) Food brief (25)
10/6 (I) Ethics paper (20)
10/13 (G) Artificial sweetener debate (40)
10/20 (I) Hot pack report (40)
10/30 (G) Watershed proposal (30)
11/10 (G) Equilibrium representation (20)
12/11 (G) Watershed Poster session (40)
12/11 (G) Watershed final paper (25)
12/13 (I) In class analysis (40)
Miscellaneous
• 5 hour course= 10 hours a week outside of
class on work!
• Attendance
homework
14%
• Academic integrity
scholarship
in-class
• Safety
43%
14%
exams
29%
As we get started
Need for gateway
– Coursepack Dollar Bill Copying M-TH. 9am 8 pm, Friday 9am-5pm, and Noon - 5pm on
Saturday and Sunday
– Text: Moore, Stanitski, and Jurs Chemistry 2nd
Edition
– Non-programmable calculator
Question 1
Assume a beaker of pure water has been
boiling for 30 minutes. What is in the
bubbles in the boiling water?
a. Air.
b.Oxygen gas and hydrogen gas.
c. Oxygen.
d.Water vapor.
e. Heat.
Question 2
What is the mass of the solution when 1
pound of salt is dissolved in 20 pounds of
water?
a. 19 Pounds.
b.20 Pounds.
c. Between 20 and 21 pounds.
d.21 pounds.
e. More than 21 pounds.
Question 3
1) As a candle burns, it gives off light and heat.
When a glass rod is held in the yellow part of the
flame, a black film forms on the rod.
a) What is the source of the black film on the rod?
b) Is there a chemical change or a physical change in
the candle as it burns?
c) Give an example of a chemical change:
d) Give an example of a physical change
Question 4
• There are two identical steel beams. One is
placed on each side of a balance. A flame is
used to heat one of the steel beams. Does
the balance move? If so, how and why?
Question 5
• The circle on the left shows a magnified
view of a very small portion of liquid water
in a closed container. What would the
magnified view on the right show after the
water has all evaporated?
Define the following:
•
•
•
•
•
Fact
Law
Theory
Hypothesis
Model
According to the National Academy
of Science, a Hypothesis is:
A testable statement about the natural world
that can be used to build more complex
inferences and explanations
These definitions (and an excellent explanation of the scientific method) can be found at:
http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/evolution98/
According to the National
Academy of Science, a Fact is:
In science, an observation that has
been repeatedly confirmed.
According to the National
Academy of Science, a Law is:
A descriptive generalization about
how some aspect of the natural
world behaves under stated
circumstances
How are a fact and a law related?
Can you think of any scientific laws?
Some Examples of Laws as stated by
Dalton
Law of Conservation of
Matter
• In an ordinary
chemical reaction
matter is neither
created nor destroyed.
• The sum of the masses
of the reactants equals
the sum of the masses
of the products.
Law of Constant
Composition
• A chemical compound
always contains the
same elements in the
same proportions by
mass.
“Laws” Can Be Overturned !
Which Law from previous page is now known to be incorrect ?
Law of Conservation of Matter
Law of Constant Composition
The “Law of Constant Composition” also has an older name
given by Joseph Proust.
The Law of Definite Proportions
Once a Law has become accepted, it is very difficult to get it
convince the scientific community to discard it. Hence, this one
still appears in your textbook despite its limitations. This law is
only true for simple, small molecules.
Law of Definite Proportions
compounds composed of two or more
elements in definite proportions
Joseph Proust
1754-1826
Supported Law
I also discovered
Bleach (NaOCl)
Claude Berthollet
1748-1822
Opposed Law
But conceded to Proust
For most compounds discussed in Chem 130, Proust was correct !
However, more complex materials violate this Law (for example, LEDs used later in course)
Today, Berthollet is believed to be correct! He was vindicated ~160 years after his death!
According to the National
Academy of Science, a Theory is
In science, a well-substantiated explanation of
some aspect of the natural world that can
incorporate facts, laws, inferences, and tested
hypotheses. Theories must be falsifiable.
According to the National
Academy of Science, a Model is
A description or analogy used to help visualize
something (as an atom) that cannot be directly
observed
Theory vs. Model
• Theory based on facts, evidence
• Model is the picture, an analogy, a way of
describing a theory
Qualitative vs. Quantitative
• Fehling’s Reagent
http://jchemed.chem.wisc.edu/JCESoft/CCA/
CCA0/MOVIES/FEHLTEST.html
Take home lessons
• “Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day.
Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a
lifetime.”
– Chinese proverb
• "Learning is not attained by chance, it must be
sought for with ardor and attended to with
diligence." --- Abigail Adams
• "Imagination is more important than knowledge."
-Albert Einstein
Actions You Need to Take
• Read the course syllabus
• Get a coursepack!
• Begin Homework 1
– Due Monday, 9/11