BSC 2010L
CELLS AND PROTISTS I
In this lab we will:
A. Review cell structure and function
(Chapter 2).
B. Begin examining diversity of life with
some protist taxa (handouts).
Principal Biological Concepts
to Emphasize:
A. Cell theory - all living things are made of
cells.
B. Levels of organization:
atomsmoleculesmacromolecules
organellescellstissuesorgans
organisms
C. Cell types
D. Cell structures and functions
E. Diversity and cladistic analysis
G. Diversity of some protist groups
Dissecting scopes
A. Putting prepared slides under the
dissecting scope is often a convenient
way to look at larger specimens.
B. Look at live protists and small inverts
under dissecting scopes when
preparing wet mounts.
Cell Structure
A. Basic aspects of cell structure and
function
1. All cells have a nucleus (or nucleoid),
cytoplasm and a plasma membrane.
2. The plasma membrane
isolates the cell from the
environment, controls the flow
of molecules into and out of
the cell, and contains
receptors that effect cell’s
activities.
3. A nucleus is bound be a
membrane and contains DNA.
(In bacterial and blue-green
cells, DNA in located in the
nucleoid region and is not
membrane-bound.)
4. The cytoplasm contains
membrane systems, particles,
filaments (the cytoskeleton),
and a semifluid matrix.
PROKARYOTES
A prokaryotic cell
Eukaryotes
1. internal membrane bound organelles with specific structures and functions.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
cell membrane surrounding cytoplasm
nuclear membrane around nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum
mitochrondria
chloroplasts
PLANT vs. ANIMAL CELLS
An animal cell
A plant cell
Organelles
A. Nucleus
B. Nucleolus
C. Membrane systems
1. endoplasmic reticulum
a. smooth ER
b. rough ER
2. ribosomes
D. Mitochondria
E. Golgi bodies
F. Chloroplasts
G. Central Vacuole
H. Cell wall
I. Flagella and cilia
The nucleus and its envelope
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Ribosomes
Golgi bodies
The endomembrane system
The mitochondrion
Ultrastructure of a eukaryotic flagellum or cilium
The plant cell vacuole
The chloroplast
In lab:
A. Bacterial cells
B. Human epidermal cells
stain- methylene blue
C. Onion epidermis
D. Hydrilla
Use glass slides throughout
lab, then throw them in
GLASS container.
Data sheet 1 (10 pts.)
THIS IS DUE BEFORE YOU LEAVE THE
LAB.
Classification
A. Taxonomic hierarchy - Domain,
kingdom, phylum (division), class, order,
family, genus, species.
B. 3 domains
1. Bacteria
2. Archaea
3. Eukarya
Eukarya
a. "Protists" – At least 5 kingdoms
b. Kingdom ANIMALIA
c. Kingdom FUNGI
d. Kingdom PLANTAE
Hierarchical classification
Domains of life
The five-kingdom system compared with two alternative classification schemes
A tentative phylogeny of eukaryotes
The "protists”
A. Representing at least 5 kingdoms
B. 60,000 extant species
C. Eukaryotic cells
origin from prokaryotes by endosymbiosis
This week we will include:
A. Kingdom Rhizopoda
B. Kingdom Euglenozoa
1. Phylum Euglenophyta – euglenoids
2. Phylum Kinoplastida
C. Kingdom Alveolata
1. Phylum Ciliophora
In lab:
A. Euglena - (with Stentor)
B. Trichonympha
C. Trypanosoma
D. Paramecium
E. Stentor
F. Vorticella
Euglena
Amoeba proteus
Termite and Trichonympha
Trypanosoma, the kinetoplastid that causes sleeping sickness
Conjugation and genetic recombination in Paramecium caudatum
Paramecium conjugating
Ciliates: Stentor (left), Paramecium (right)
Paramecium contractile
vacuole DEMONSTRATION.
QuickTime™ and a
Cinepak decompressor
are needed to see this picture.