Bacterial pneumonia
Community acquired
A M Y M O N TA LV O
DESIREE MORA
ASHLEY CAMACHO
S I M EO N DAV I S
What is it?
An infection in one or both lungs
Causes the lung’s air sac (alveoli) to become inflamed and engorged with pus, fluid, and cellular
debris
Makes it difficult for the body to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
Etiology
Caused by a pathogenic infection of the lungs
Etiologic agent: Haemphilus influenza, klebsiella, staphylococcus
Klebsiella Pneumonia -Gram negative
Streptococcus pneumonia- Gram positive
Epidemiology
Pneumonia is ranked as the 8th leading cause of death in the United States
Elderly (65 years or older) are considered to be in high rick of obtaining pneumonia
Anyone who has a weak immune system is also in high risk
Streptococcus pneumonia is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia acquired outside
of hospitals
◦ It is estimated that 175,000 occur each year, with a fatality rate of 5-7%, or much higher for the elderly
◦ 75 % of acute cases
Evidence indicates that the rate of infection ranges from 74 to 92 per 1,000 children younger
than 2 years
Mode of transmission
Breathing in infected air particles
Generally occurs after an upper respiratory infection
◦ For example after a flu virus
Bacteria living in your nose, sinuses, or mouth may spread to your lungs
Symptoms
Cough
◦ Usually mucus from the lungs (maybe rusty, green, or tinged)
Fever
Fast breathing and feeling short of breath
Shaking
Teeth shattering
Nausea and vomiting
Fast heart beat
Chest pain
Diarrhea
Diagnostic tests
Listen for abnormal chest sounds that indicate heavy mucus secretion
Take a blood sample to get a white blood cell count. A high count usually indicates infection
Take blood and/or mucus samples to identify the infection causing-pathogen
Order chest x-rays to confirm the presence and extent of infection
Treatment
Doctors use antibiotics to treat pneumonia caused by bacteria, the most common cause of the
condition.
Antibiotics have a high cure rate for pneumonia
Antibiotics are chosen based on age, symptoms and how severe they are
◦ A cough medicine to calm the cough
◦ Fever medication to reduce the temperature
Prevention/ Control measures
There are several vaccines that prevent infection by bacteria that may cause pneumonia
vaccines
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
Pneumococcal
Haemophilus influenza type b
Pertussis (whooping cough)
Varicella (chicken pox)
Measles and influenza
Good hygiene practices
Limiting the exposure of cigarette smoke can reduce the risk
Treating and preventing chronic diseases such as heart disease or diabetes
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dOEPXsDUB24
References
Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia: A Primer for Pharmacists. (2013, July 1).
<i>USPharmacist.com > Continuing Education > Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia: A
Primer for Pharmacists</i>. Retrieved May 7, 2014, from
http://www.uspharmacist.com/continuing_education/ceviewtest/lessonid/109254/
Pneumonia Fact Sheet - American Lung Association. (n.d.). <i>American Lung Association</i>.
Retrieved May 1, 2014, from http://www.lung.org/lung-disease/influenza/in-depthresources/pneumonia-fact-sheet.html
Pneumonia Symptoms, Causes, Treatments & More. (2013, March 6). <i>WebMD</i>. Retrieved
May 1, 2014, from http://www.webmd.com/lung/tc/pneumonia-topic-overview
The Coughing Child and Pneumonia. (2013, February 26). <i>YouTube</i>. Retrieved May 7,
2014, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dOEPXsDUB24