Common Rxn Types
• Double Displacement Precipitation Rxns
• Acid-Base Rxns
• Oxidation-Reduction Rxns (Redox)
– Combustion
– Single Displacement
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Double Displacement Rxns



The solubility rules are also used to predict whether
or not a double displacement rxn occurs.
Double displacement rxns are also called double
replacement or metathesis rxns.
In these rxns, the “cations” of the 2 reactants swap
places. The general form is:
AX + BY  AY + BX

Do you see how the cations swapped places?
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Double Displacement Rxns

The rxn occurs between 2 ionic compounds in
aqueous solution OR between a strong acid and an
ionic compound.
AX + BY  AY + BX
HX + BY  HY + BX

If the rxn is between 2 ionic compounds it is called a
double displacement precipitation (ppt) rxn as a ppt
is formed. (What a mouthful!)
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Double Displacement Rxns

For a double displacement ppt rxn to occur between
2 aqueous ionic compounds, a ppt MUST be formed.

What does this mean?

Since the rxn is conducted in water, 1 of the products
MUST be insoluble in water!
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Double Displacement Rxns

Here’s an example:
A silver nitrate sln is mixed with a sodium chloride
sln. Does this rxn occur, and if so, write the
balanced equation.

Here’s another example:
A barium nitrate sln is mixed with a sodium
phosphate sln.
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Double Displacement Rxns

Your Turn: For the following, write the names of the
possible products, determine whether the rxn occurs,
and if it does, write the balanced equation.
1. A sodium chromate sln is mixed with a potassium
hydroxide sln.
2. An aluminum nitrate sln is mixed with potassium
carbonate.
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Acids & Bases
•
You’ve learned a very simple definition of acids and
bases.
–
Acids produce H+ in water
–
Bases produce OH- in water
•
You’ve learned the 7 strong acids.
•
You’ve learned that the soluble hydroxide salts are
strong bases.
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Acids & Bases
•
There are also polyprotic acids like sulfuric acid.
•
Sulfuric acid can lose both protons, and it does so in
two steps.
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Acid-Base Rxns
 There are two types of Acid-Base Rxns:
 Acid-Base Neutralization Rxns
 Acid-Base Gas Evolution Rxns

Both of these rxns are actually a type of Double
Displacement Rxns (“cations” swap places)
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Acid-Base Neutralization Rxns
• Acids and bases react with each other in what
is called a neutralization rxn.
• They react to form an ionic salt and possibly
water or a weak electrolyte.
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Acid-Base Neutralization Rxns
• It was called a neutralization rxn as the classic
strong acid/strong hydroxide base rxn resulted
in the formation of an ionic salt and water with
a pH of 7:
HA(aq) + BOH(aq)  BA(aq) + H 2O(l)
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Acid-Base Neutralization Rxns
• Neutralization rxns occur even without strong acids or
bases.
• The pH is usually NOT 7 at the end of the rxn.
HA(aq) + B(aq)  A- (aq) + HB+ (aq)
• Note how the charges change as the acid loses a proton
and the base picks it up.
• Group 1 and 2 ionic salts are bases except when bonded
to Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3-, SO42-, ClO4-, and ClO3-.
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Acid-Base Gas Evolution Rxns
• This is a type of acid-base rxn where a gas is
formed:
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Neutralization and Titration
• Acid-Base Neutralization rxns are often carried
out through titrations
• This is a lab technique using burets.
• The volume of base required to neutralize a
known volume of acid (or vice versa) is
accurately measured in a titration.
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Neutralization and Titration
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Neutralization and Titration
• But the math behind a titration is just solution
stoichiometry!
• 25.00 mL of an unknown sln of sulfuric acid is
completely titrated (in other words, both acidic
H’s are stripped from the acid) with 27.64 mL
of a 0.502 M sln of sodium hydroxide. What is
the molarity of the sulfuric acid sln?
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Neutralization and Titration
How do you do this?
1) Write balanced equation for the reaction.
2) Do the stoichiometry, using the mol ratios.
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Neutralization and Titration
• Problem: 10.00 mL of acetic acid is titrated
with 12.05 mL of a 0.333M sln of sodium
hydroxide. What is the molarity of the acetic
acid sln?
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