The Birth of the Constitution USHC 1.4 The Articles of Confederation First plan of government WEAK Replaced by Articles vs. Constitution Federalism Representation of States Taxation Powers of Congress Amendments Articles Constitution “A Firm League “A More Perfect of Friendship” Union” EQUAL Proportional (House) Equal (Senate) States ONLY State & Federal Foreign Relations In addition to the Articles: Army and Navy Declare War Ambassadors Treaties UNANIMOUS Taxation Interstate Commerce Currency Crush Rebellions 2/3 Congress + 3/4 States Problems With the Articles Shays’ Rebellion Bad Economy Image by Beyond My Ken Stated Purpose: Amend the Articles Articles vs. Constitution Federalism Representation of States Taxation Powers of Congress Amendments Articles Constitution “A Firm League “A More Perfect of Friendship” Union” EQUAL Proportional (House) Equal (Senate) States ONLY State & Federal Foreign Relations In addition to the Articles: Army and Navy Declare War Ambassadors Treaties UNANIMOUS Taxation Interstate Commerce Currency Crush Rebellions 2/3 Congress + 3/4 States Compromises Lots of Them! Statistics From the 1790 Census State Population New Hampshire Massachusetts Connecticut Rhode Island NEW ENGLAND 141,885 378,787 237,946 68,825 New Jersey New York Pennsylvania MIDDLE STATES 184,139 340,120 434,373 Percentage of Total 4% 10% 7% 2% 23% Regional Population Number of Slaves Percentage of Population 158 0 2,759 152 0% 0% 1% 0% 11,423 21,324 3,737 6% 6% 1% 1,786,075 39,853 6% 1,851,806 8,887 103,036 293,427 100,572 107,094 29,264 642,280 15% 32% 39% 26% 43% 35% 94% 681,833 15% 827,443 5% 9% 12% 958,632 NORTH OF MASON/DIXON 49% Delaware Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia THE SOUTH 2% 9% 20% 11% 7% 2% 51% 59,096 319,728 747,610 393,751 249,073 82,548 TOTAL POPULATION 3,637,881 SLAVE POPULATION VIRGINIA PLAN James Madison new jersey plan Doesn’t Matter Bicameral Legislature Unicameral Legislature Based on POPULATION One Vote Per State “GREAT COMPROMISE” House of Representatives Senate Lower House Upper House Based on POPULATION Two Votes Per State Elected by Voters Appointed by State Legislatures (INDIRECT) (DIRECT) The “Three-Fifths” Compromise A “Not So Great” Compromise FOR THE SOUTH FOR THE NORTH Slaves count 3/5 of a person for Congressional representation. Congress can “regulate” international slave trade in 20 years. Electoral College Each state will send electors to cast votes for President. # of Electors = Senators + Representatives AMENDING THE CONSTITUTION States necessary to ratify the Constitution Ratification Federalists Antifederalists Supported Opposed Federalist Arguments Antifederalist Objections Stronger Central Unlimited Terms NO Bill of Rights Government Better Economy Law and Order “National” Government The Federalist (aka, The Federalist Papers) James Madison Alexander Hamilton John Jay Bill of Rights Compromise Amendment X The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.