The Birth of
the
Constitution
USHC 1.4
The Articles of
Confederation
First plan of government
WEAK
Replaced by
Articles vs. Constitution
Federalism
Representation
of States
Taxation
Powers of
Congress
Amendments
Articles
Constitution
“A Firm League
“A More Perfect
of Friendship”
Union”
EQUAL
Proportional (House)
Equal (Senate)
States ONLY
State & Federal
Foreign Relations
In addition to the Articles:
Army and Navy
Declare War
Ambassadors
Treaties
UNANIMOUS
Taxation
Interstate Commerce
Currency
Crush Rebellions
2/3 Congress + 3/4 States
Problems
With the Articles
Shays’ Rebellion
Bad Economy
Image by Beyond My Ken
Stated Purpose:
Amend the Articles
Articles vs. Constitution
Federalism
Representation
of States
Taxation
Powers of
Congress
Amendments
Articles
Constitution
“A Firm League
“A More Perfect
of Friendship”
Union”
EQUAL
Proportional (House)
Equal (Senate)
States ONLY
State & Federal
Foreign Relations
In addition to the Articles:
Army and Navy
Declare War
Ambassadors
Treaties
UNANIMOUS
Taxation
Interstate Commerce
Currency
Crush Rebellions
2/3 Congress + 3/4 States
Compromises
Lots of Them!
Statistics From the 1790 Census
State
Population
New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Connecticut
Rhode Island
NEW ENGLAND
141,885
378,787
237,946
68,825
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
MIDDLE
STATES
184,139
340,120
434,373
Percentage
of Total
4%
10%
7%
2%
23%
Regional
Population
Number of
Slaves
Percentage of
Population
158
0
2,759
152
0%
0%
1%
0%
11,423
21,324
3,737
6%
6%
1%
1,786,075
39,853
6%
1,851,806
8,887
103,036
293,427
100,572
107,094
29,264
642,280
15%
32%
39%
26%
43%
35%
94%
681,833
15%
827,443
5%
9%
12%
958,632
NORTH OF MASON/DIXON
49%
Delaware
Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
THE SOUTH
2%
9%
20%
11%
7%
2%
51%
59,096
319,728
747,610
393,751
249,073
82,548
TOTAL POPULATION
3,637,881
SLAVE
POPULATION
VIRGINIA PLAN
James
Madison
new jersey plan
Doesn’t
Matter
Bicameral
Legislature
Unicameral
Legislature
Based on
POPULATION
One Vote
Per State
“GREAT COMPROMISE”
House of
Representatives
Senate
Lower House
Upper House
Based on
POPULATION
Two Votes
Per State
Elected by Voters
Appointed by
State Legislatures
(INDIRECT)
(DIRECT)
The “Three-Fifths”
Compromise
A “Not So Great” Compromise
FOR THE
SOUTH
FOR THE
NORTH
Slaves count 3/5 of a
person for Congressional
representation.
Congress can “regulate”
international slave trade
in 20 years.
Electoral College
Each state will send electors
to cast votes for President.
# of Electors = Senators + Representatives
AMENDING THE CONSTITUTION
States necessary to ratify
the Constitution
Ratification
Federalists
Antifederalists
Supported
Opposed
Federalist
Arguments
Antifederalist
Objections
Stronger Central Unlimited Terms
NO Bill of Rights
Government
Better Economy
Law and Order
“National”
Government
The Federalist
(aka, The Federalist Papers)
James
Madison
Alexander
Hamilton
John
Jay
Bill of Rights
Compromise
Amendment X
The powers not
delegated to the United
States by the
Constitution, nor
prohibited by it to the
States, are reserved to
the States respectively,
or to the people.