Benefits of Using BIM for Project and Built Asset Management –
Sharing Standards Internationally
Tim Bennett BSc MA FRICS - Head of Construction Faculty
Presentation outline
① BIM - move to standardisation
② BIM - potential issues
③ BIM - international overview
④ BIM - Corporate Strategy v Project Strategy
BIM – move to standardisation
BIM – move to standardisation
① International Property Measurement Standards
(IPMS).
② Measured Surveys of Land & Utilities, 3rd Edition
2014.
- Topographic surveys
- Underground utility surveys
③ NRM3 and the wider application of LCC/Built
Asset Management.
BIM – move to standardisation
④ Cross Industry Alignment with BIM/NRM3.
- Standard Maintenance Specification for Building
Services (SFG20 – Maintenance models)
- Life Expectancy Building Components (BCIS)
- CIBSE Guide M: Maintenance Engineering &
Management/Life Tables
⑤ CROME.
⑥ Government Soft Landings.
BIM – move to standardisation
⑦ PAS1192-2:2013 (BIM) Capital/Delivery Stage.1
⑧ PAS1192-3:2013 (BIM) Operational Phase.
⑨ PAS1192-4:2013 (BIM) Information Exchange defines
UK usage of COBie (Construction Operations
Building Information Exchange) – provides common
structure for exchange of information (New & Existing,
Buildings & infrastructure).
⑩ BS 8544:2014 (LCC) maintenance ‘in use’ guide.
⑪ RICS International BIM Implementation Guide (2014).
1PAS
documents – free download after registration at http://shop.bsigroup.com
BIM | CROME – Cost Categories of LCC/Asset Man
CAPEX
(Capital Expenditure / Capital Expense)
OPEX
(Operational Expenditure)
Adapted from The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) (2014)
NRM3 - New Rules of Measurement, (London: RICS), p. 23.
BIM maturity – Government Soft Landings
(GSL) Benefits
The building's purpose
is defined at the outset
- then maintained
through to operation &
use
Design solutions are
reviewed by people that
are going to use,
manage, operate and
maintain them
The project team has a
continual focus on
asset documentation
and stakeholder
training
Post-occupancy
evaluation (POE)
enables building
performance to be finetuned
Evidence collected
during the aftercare
period can help
improve the delivery of
future projects.
Involving project team for
up to three years after
handover to monitor,
troubleshoot and fine-tune
the building
BIM maturity
① 2D – simple two-dimensional drawings.
② 3D – three-dimensional CAD models.
③ 4D – three-dimensional CAD models plus
programming data.
④ 5D – incorporates the relevant cost information.
⑤ 6D – incorporates the information for facilities &
asset management beyond completion inc
energy, sustainability; carbon indexing.
RICS Information Paper – Overview of a 5D BIM project – August 2014
BIM maturity – Basic Standards Needed
Source: buildingSMART 2014 – (buildingsmart.org)
BIM maturity – Sustainability Standards?
Source: CoreNet Global & ARUP: International Sustainability Comparisons
Water & Energy March 2014
BIM maturity – Sustainability Standards?
Source: CoreNet Global & ARUP: International Sustainability Comparisons
Water & Energy March 2014
BIM maturity – Sustainability Standards?
Source:CoreNet Global & ARUP: International Sustainability Comparisons March 2014
BIM maturity – Sustainability Standards?
Level 6 BIM will require greater compatibility
Source:cCoreNet Global & ARUP: International Sustainability Comparisons March 2014
Source:cCoreNet Global & ARUP: International Sustainability Comparisons March 2014
BIM Maturity – Levels 3 - 6 needs CDE
Traditional
Source: buildingSMART 2014
BIM – (CDE) Common
Data Environment
BIM maturity – CDE
Source: Will Hackney (Tfl) ‘Clients BIM Journey’ RICS BIM Conference Presentation 12 Feb 2015
BIM maturity – LOD’s
Common Data Environments need:
①
②
③
Levels of Detail or Development (LOD’s).
The American Institute of Architecture (AIA)
has protocols & Level of Details (LOD’s)
descriptors.
BIM Execution Plans aim to develop roles &
responsibilities/LOD’s specific to that project
that support CDE’s.
BIM - potential issues
BIM - potential issues
① Management of information and licensing of design
information
② Interoperability – can systems communicate with each
other?
US case: Mortenson v Timberline (2000)1 T&C
between parties including those in software license.
- query liability to other parties.
- international software compatibility needed
- comprehensive matrix of responsibilities
needed (LOD’s & BIM Execution Plans)
1M
A Mortenson Company Inc. v Timberline Software Corp,
140 Wn.2d 568; 998 P.2d 305 (2000)
BIM - potential issues
① Data Misuse – BIM model used for a different
purpose.
② Treatment of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR).
- BIM intensifies this issue due to the amount of
information being produced.
- Where a client has a blanket policy of retaining
IPR; likely innovation could be reduced.
BIM - potential issues
① Legal status of BIM Model.
- Is it a contract document
- Key: ‘who can rely on it and to what extent?’
② Standard of care.
- Existence of ‘clash detection’ means
unacceptable for any physical conflicts to arise –
does this change the test for ‘reasonable skill
and care’ (BIM Case in US June 2011)2
2 Matthews,
D. (2011), First Ever BIM Legal Case in the US [online]. Available at
www.building.co.uk/first-ever-bim-legal-case-in-us/5019872.article [accessed
November 2014]
BIM - potential issues
① Who is the designer?
- there may be information that no one in the
Team has actually created.
Frankfort v Kistler3 where software gave
advice about the law – ‘constituted
unauthorised practice of law’
② Needs roles that appear not covered in Contract
Documents (again LOD’s BIM Execution Plan)
3Frankfort
Digital Services Ltd v Kistler, 477 F.3d 1117 (9th Cir. 2007)
BIM - potential issues
① Loss/corruption of electronic data
- Parties hosting data should take precautions to
mitigate loss
- Insurance provision in contract?
- Ownership, in case of cloud-based storage
- Definition of access rights
② Controlling design fees – assigning clear authorship
(liability)
③ Liability around the BIM model
- its use for permitted purposes (set out in protocols)
Useful approach – Construction Industry Council (CIC) ‘BIM Protocol’
BIM - international landscapes
International landscape
① Client driven BIM adoption (Contractor
driven)
• UK: 73% (66%)
• Canada: 79% (72%)
• Finland: 84% (68%)
• New Zealand 58% (46%)
Source: NBS International BIM Report 2013
International landscape
• BIM awareness (2013)
Source: NBS International BIM Report 2013
International landscape
• BIM future adoption (2013)
2014
2016
2018
Source: NBS International BIM Report 2013
International landscape
• International Standardisation
Source: NBS International BIM Report 2013
International landscape
Who is leading the Charge?
①Government – US, UK, Denmark, Norway, Finland,
Netherlands, Singapore, S Korea, Qatar, Jordon
Mainland China
②Associations - Middle East – Gulf Co-op Council (Assoc)
Australia – Aust Constr Industry Forum (ACIF) /
Aust Proc Constr Council (APCC) & Built Envir
Industry Innov Council (BEIIC)
Iran - The Iran BIM Assoc
③No centralised collaboration - Germany
International landscape
EU
① 17 April 2014 the new EUPPD came into force
(European Union Public Procurement Directive)
② EU members have to make part of national law within 2yrs
③ Requirement all communication now electronic
④ UK slightly ahead on BIM so new export opportunities
⑤ Less red tape so easier for SME’s
⑥ EU Single Procurement Document (ESPD) reduces
administrative burdens – now self certification rather than
lots of certificates. Only produce if win bid.
⑦ MEAT v Lowest cost – Most Economically Advantageous
Tender can include social, environmental life cycle benefit
analysis. Contract will state at tender stage.
International landscape
EU cont’d
① Requirement all communication now electronic but BIM
use not mandatory but pushes to ‘recommend’ or ‘specify
use’
② Member states to have full electronic communication
within 54 months of formal adoption of Directive
③ Nondiscriminatory still a key requirement – so bespoke
BIM software problematic
④ Highlights needs for standardization of technical platforms
so competition not restricted (so IFC well placed)
⑤ UK slightly ahead on BIM so new export opportunities
⑥ Less red tape so easier for SME’s
International landscape
EU cont’d
① EU Single Procurement Document (ESPD) reduces
administrative burdens – now self certification rather
than lots of certificates. Only produce if win bid
② Contracting Authorities can also take life cycle costs into
account meaning larger projects may be able to be
broken down into smaller packages to improve access
for SME’s.
③ Directive also requires contracting authorities to
consider ‘social aspects’ amongst other not just price?
International landscape
EU cont’d
① Previously Procurement rule define Part A & B services,
the latter had less regulation. New rules abolish
this distinction – more simplified approach
allowing member states to determine requirements
of procurement services. Higher threshold of 750,000 euros.
② Subcontracting – if tenders abnormally low and tenderer
cannot provide sufficient explanation – can be rejected.
③ Directive aims to increase BIM/electronic communication,
reduce red tape & allow access to SME’s.
International landscape
Hong Kong (HK)
① HK behind other Pacific Rim countries (inc China).
BIM driven by key players – HK Housing Authority
(HKHA), Airport Authority, HK Jockey Club; Intl Clients
② Currently Level 1 & 2 practiced
③ Approx 30% of population in public housing so major client
④ HKHA produces own BIM manuals and user guides.
⑤ BIM predicted to save HK$20billion+ in next 10 yrs.
⑥ BIM used for GIS and micro-climate studies as well.
⑦ CICHK have produced a BIM Roadmap (Sept 2014)
⑧ Procurement also an inhibitor – single stage common
⑨ Large market for BIM in Operation/Redefine stage
International landscape
Dubai/UAE (Gulf Corporation Co – GCC)
① Level 2 BIM mandatory for major projects by 2016
for buildings over 40 storeys/more than 300,000 sqft
includes Government projects.
② Expo 2020 & World Cup driving BIM agenda
③ Abu Dhabi Airports Co used BIM on the $3bn
Midfield Terminal Building – likely to be the largest
single shared model in the world
④ Sustainability targets also BIM drivers
– Abu Dhabi’s ‘Estidama’ & Qatar’s QSAS (Qatar
Sustainability Assessment System)
International landscape – BIM Market
growth
Recent report by Pinsent Masons & Centre for
Economics & Business Research ‘ China Invests
West’ 29 Oct 2014
http://www.pminfrainvestmentreport.com
① UK in top 3 for lack of investment in
infrastructure
② China proposing to investment £43.5 billion in
UK by 2025
③ Followed by £36b in Real Estate & £19b in
Transport
BIM - tip of the iceberg
Source: Cabinet Office /BIS October 2012
BIM - tip of the iceberg
BIM should therefore inform Corporate Strategy
not just Project Strategy
Source: Cabinent Office /BIS October 2012
BIM feeding Corporate Strategy
What would this look like?
① Definition of Corporate capability
② BIM matched to mission statement, culture which
could include specifics relating to projects, products
① Links to Corporate Sustainability Culture
② Links to achieving organisational excellence
③ Link to creating lean collaborative work practices
④ Workflow management
⑤ Risk & Value Management
⑥ Link to Governance strategy
BIM feeding Corporate Strategy
What would this look like? cont’d
① Capture, analysis, auditing & benchmarking of key
project metrics
② Information & business modelling
③ Corporate Data Environments protocols
④ Benefit Analysis /Return on Investment analysis
⑤ Method of measurement & monitoring success
⑥ Link to productivity & investment
⑦ Link to supply chain & building procurement
⑧ Training & resourcing
⑨ Corporate Toolkits that feed CAPEX /OPEX (Capital & Operational expenditure)
BIM Corporate Vacancies
Current Corporate Vacancies require candidates to:
① Define BIM Business needs
② Improve Business process
③ Improve Asset management
④ Co-ordinate Corporate BIM activities
⑤ Co-ordinate external relationships
⑥ Develop Information Strategies & protocols
⑦ Establish a Corporate Common Data Environment
BIM – Summary
①Greater internationalisation
②Greater standardisation needed
③Definition of protocols /levels of descriptions
④Common Data Environments a key start point
⑤Case law to test BIM in practice
⑥Software terms and conditions v contract intent
⑦Opportunities international
⑧Consultant Service opportunities
- Corporate BIM strategy
- BIM coordinator role more important
⑨ SME opportunities in EU
References
1M
A Mortenson Company Inc. v Timberline Software Corp,
140 Wn.2d 568; 998 P.2d 305 (2000)
2Matthews,
D. (2011), First Ever BIM Legal Case in the US
[online]. Available at www.building.co.uk/first-ever-bim-legalcase-in-us/5019872.article [accessed November 2014]
3Frankfort
Cir. 2007)
Digital Services Ltd v Kistler, 477 F.3d 1117 (9th
Resources
RICS Guidance Note (2014), Measured surveys of land
buildings and utilities 3rd Edition, RICS, London
Green, A. (March, 2014), NRM3: Order of cost estimating and
cost planning for building maintenance works . RICS
BCIS (Aug, 2006), BMI Life expectancy of building
components, BCIS, RICS, London.
Butcher, K. J., (2008), Guide M: Maintenance Engineering
and Management, CIBSE, London.
BSI (2013), PAS-2:2013 Specification for information
management for the capital/delivery phase of construction
projects using building information modelling, BSI, London.
Resources
BSI (September, 2013), BS-8544:2013 Guide for life cycle
costing of maintenance during the in use phases of buildings,
BSI, London.
International Accounting Standards Board (2007),
International Financial Reporting Standards 2007,
LexisNexis, London.
CIC and BIM Task Group, First Edition (February, 2013),
Building information model (BIM) Protocol, Construction
Industry Council, London.
International BIM Working Group, RICS (September, 2014),
International BIM implementation guide 1st Ed, RICS, London.
Resources
McArthur, J., Herrera, N., and Mantha, P., CoreNet Global
prepared by Arup & Partners Ltd (March 2014) International
Sustainability Systems Comparisons – Key International
Sustainability Systems: Energy & Water Conservation
Requirements CoreNet Global. Further information can be
accessed at ARUP Publications [online] and available at
http://publications.arup.com/Publications/I/International_Sust
ainability_Systems_Comparison.aspx [accessed 13 April
2015]
Resources
The National BIM Library, NBS (2014) National BIM Report
2014, RIBA Enterprises, London. Further information can be
accessed at NBS [online] and available at
http://www.thenbs.com/topics/BIM/articles/nbs-national-bimreport-2014.asp [accessed 13 April 2015]. NBS is the trading
name of RIBA Enterprises Limited.
The National BIM Library, NBS (2013) International BIM
Report RIBA Enterprises, London. Further information can
be accessed at NBS [online] and available at
http://www.thenbs.com/topics/bim/reports/index.asp
[accessed 13 April 2015]. NBS is the trading name of RIBA
Enterprises Limited.
Resources
HKCIC (September, 2014), Roadmap for BIM Strategic
Implementation in Hong Kong’s Construction Industry,
Version 1 Hong Kong Construction Industry Council, Hong
Kong.
BIM Task Group BIM Working Party Strategy Paper March
2011 Government Construction Client Group
Web links:
American Institute of Architects - www.aia.org
BSRIA, Soft Landings – www.bsria.co.uk.
HK Construction Industry Council – www.hkcic.org
Estidama – estidama.upc.gov.ae
Qatar QSAS – www.gord.qa
NBS BIM Library – nationalBIMlibrary.com
EUPPD - http://ec.europa.eu/growth/single-market/publicprocurement/modernising-rules/reform-proposals/
index_en.htm
CPD www.cem.ac.uk/our-programmes/training-courses
e: training@cem.ac.uk