RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI
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•
•
•
•
pengertian
cara mempelajari geologi
ilmu-ilmu terkait
sistem dalam geologi
profesi yang berhubungan dengan
geologi
Pengertian
• Geology: The study of the Earth as a whole, its origin,
structure, composition, and history (including the
development of life), and the nature of the processes
which have given rise to its present state.
Whitten, DGA and Brooks, JRV. 1977. The Penguin Dictionary of
Geology. Middlesex: Penguin Books. p. 204.
Pertanyaan:
• Cari definisi lain dari buku-buku geologi
berbahasa Inggris di Perpustakaan Pusat.
Cara mempelajari
• Mengikuti pendidikan geologi
• Loka dan wahana utama:
– Perpustakaan termasuk internet
– Laboratorium (studio)
– Lapangan
Perhatikan
• Belum dikatakan belajar geologi sebelum ke
lapangan, laboratorium dan perpustakaan!
Ilmu-ilmu terkait
TEKNOLOGI
ILMU-ILMU
TERAPAN
TEKNIK
TEKNIK
PERTAMBANGAN SIPIL
INDUSTRI
TEKNIK
PARIWISATA
PERMINYAKAN
GEOLOGI
BAHAN GALIAN
GEOLOGI
MINYAKBUMI
DLL
GEOLOGI
PANASBUMI
GEOLOGI
TEKNIK
DLL
GEOLOGI
LINGKUNGAN
METEOROLOGI
ILMU-ILMU
DASAR
KEBUMIAN
BIOLOGI
GEOLOGI
HIDROLOGI
STATISTIKA
ILMU-ILMU
DASAR
FISIKA
KIMIA
MATEMATIKA
ARKEOLOGI
GEOARKEOLOGI
Ilmu-ilmu antara
GEOLOGI
DLL
GEOWISATA
WISATA
GEOFISIKA
FISIKA
GEOKIMIA
PALEONTOLOGI
KIMIA
BIOLOGI
GEOSTATISTIKA
STATISTIKA
GEOHIDROLOGI
HIDROLOGI
Pertanyaan:
• Mengapa muncul ilmu-ilmu antara?
Cabang-cabang geologi
GEOLOGI
PALEONTOLOGI
MINERALOGI
STRATIGRAFI
GEOMORFOLOGI
GEOLOGI
STRUKTUR
PETROLOGI
TEKTONIKA
VOLKANOLOGI
GEOLOGI
SEJARAH
SPELEOLOGI
LIMNOLOGI
DLL
Pertanyaan:
• Mengapa cabang-cabang geologi juga banyak?
RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI
•
•
•
•
•
pengertian
cara mempelajari geologi
ilmu-ilmu terkait
sistem dalam geologi
profesi yang berhubungan dengan
geologi
I WONDER
• There are many diversifications in the
world, but they have been being maintained
in a single magnificent system and under
dynamic equilibrium.
Bambang Prastistho
Our previous earth
GEOSPHERE
ATMOSPHERE
HYDROSPHERE
ATMOSPHERE
BIOSPHERE
HIDROSPHERE
GEOSPHERE
RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI
•
•
•
•
•
pengertian
cara mempelajari geologi
ilmu-ilmu terkait
sistem dalam geologi
profesi yang berhubungan dengan
geologi
Why Study Geology?
Because geology is all around us.
• 1. Geological Resources
• 2. “The Environment” Environmental
• 3. Geological Hazards Geology
(Changes posing risks)
• 4. Engineering
• 5. Landforms and Surface Processes
• 6. Historical Geology
Geology forms the basis of our great civilizations
The Cradle of Civilization
Sprung from geology of the region
Tigris River, Iraq
http://encarta.msn.com/
Why Study Geology?
1. Geological Resources
– The Cradle of
Civilization (Fertile
Crescent)
– Development limited
by availability, e.g.,
soil, water, energy
– Conflicts based on
resources, e.g.,
water, minerals, oil…
http://encarta.msn.com/
Misuse of Resources
2. The Environment
These Maps illustrate the
Fertile Crescent in 1973 (top)
and 2000 (bottom).
Permanent marshlands,
pictured in green, have shrunk
90 percent in that period.
Illustration courtesy United Nations
Environment Program
Misuse of Geologic Resources
Desiccation of the Aral Sea, Kazakhstan
2. The Environment
http://www.grida.no/aral/aralsea/english/arsea/arsea.htm
Overuse of Geologic Resources
2. The Environment (Geology in the News)
• 1.7 billion are joining the consumer class
and the environment won’t sustain this
standard of living (Worldwatch Institute
2004)
• Emissions of Greenhouse gasses is
accelerating global warming
• Climate change is accelerating melting of
glaciers and driving mass extinctions
(The Centre of Biodiversity and Conservation,
Leeds University, UK)
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003
Geology in the News
3. Geologic Hazards
• Two die in 6.5
magnitude
Earthquake near
San Lois Obispo
California
• Earthquake triggers
mudslides
San Andreas Fault
Assessing Risk
“Major Quake Likely to
Strike San Francisco
Bay Region Between
2003 and 2032”
3. Geologic Hazards
• Assessing Risks
• Avoiding Risks
• Preventing
Damage
• Predicting Impact
http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/research/seismology/wg02/
Earthquake
Bam, Iran
• A Magnitude 6.5
Earthquake hits a
stone- and mudhouse city of
100,000 in Iran 1226-03
– 30,000 Dead
– 30,000 Refugees
• US sends aid and
releases sanctions
• Relations improved
Photos
from AP
3. Geological Hazards
Volcanoes
Landslides
Earthquakes
4. Geology in Engineering
Slope Failure Risk Assessment and Control
To prevent slope failure engineers must understand the
geology that forms and controls the slope
Geology in Engineering
The Leaning Tower Straightens Up
In Pisa the tilted one is back in
business after an 11-year effort
to keep it from collapsing
Committee member John
Burland, an engineer,
promoted soil extraction as the
best way to save the tower.
Engineers use knowledge of
geology to design, protect
and correct structures
www.smithsonianmag.si.edu
5. Landforms and Surface Processes
H.C. Berann (1915-1999)
Yosemite National Park, 1987
• Glaciers
• Mass Wasting
• Streams
• Shorelines
• Deserts
• Groundwater
http://www.berann.com
Sub Disciplines
Areas of Study Which Rely on Geology
• Environmental Geology
– Environmental Sciences: how we influence
the earth
– Geologic Hazards: how geology influences us
• Engineering Geology
– Geologic Materials
– Foundations
– Geotechnical engineering
Sub Disciplines (cont.)
• Geological Resources
– Locating and characterizing amounts and quality
– Extracting and
– Understanding environmental effects of
extraction and use (misuse, overuse) of
resources
• Historical Geology
– Deciphering Earth History and
– Evolution of life