GONDWANA BASINSPOTENTIAL STORAGE SITE
FOR CO2
By
G. Mukhopadhyay
Geological Survey of India
CARBON SEQUESTRATION
CAPTURE
TRANSPORTATION
INJECTION OF CO2 INTO FAVORABLE SITES
POST INJECTION MONITORING
Overview of Geological Storage Options
Produced oil or gas
Injected CO2
Stored CO2
Basalt
Deep seated coal seam as a
a sink of CO2 with enhanced
CBM recovery
Depleted oil and gas reservoirs
Deep saline aquifers- onshore
Enhanced oil and gas recovery
Deep saline aquifers- offshore
FIELD EXPERIENCE- US
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Allison CO2-ECBM Pilot
Location- San Juan basin
Producer well—16
Injector well—4
Average depth to top coal - 3100 feet
Permeability 100md
Initial pressure – 1650 psi
Temp. – 160oF
OBSERVATION
1. CO2 injection improved methane recovery from
77% to 95% of OGPI
2. Ratio of injected CO2 to produced CH4-3:1
FIELD EXPERIENCE- CANADA
1. Alberta Research Council
2. Location- Fenn BIG Valley, Alberta Province
3. Producer well—1
4. Injector well—1
OBSERVATION
1. injectivity improves with continued CO2
injection and methane production
FIELD EXPERIENCE- JAPAN
1.
2.
3.
4.
Operated by JCOAL
Location- Yubari site, Ishikari Coalfield
Producer well—1
Injector well—1
OBSERVATION
1. Gradual increase of injection rate –may be due
to decrease in effective stress near injection well
area.
2. 90% of injected CO2 stored in coal seams
3. Gas production increase with CO2 injection, and
dropped after injection was stopped- indicating
ECBM effect
92°
96°
m
68°
76°
72°
m
m
84°
80°
m
m
88°
m
92°
m
100
96°
m
0
m
100 k m
m
36°
m 36°
COALFIELDS AND LIGNITE
OCCURRENCES OF INDIA
1
%Srin agar
2
3
4
500
0
500 km
Kilometers
m 32°
1
28°m
Itanagar
Sim la
%
Gangtok
Chan digarh
%
28°
24
6
m 28°
New Del hi
%
8 5
6
12 10
7
13
18
14
17
15 11 9 16
21 19
22
20
24
23
25
28
27 26
29
30
31
32
33
34
2 1
8
3
4
Gan gtok
25
%
Jai pur
%
24
%
Itanagar
Dispur
6 5
7
26
Lucknow
8
%
Di spur
22
Patna
%
20
21
24°
%
9
%
35
10
18 17
%
15 14 12 11
13
16
10
Im phal
%
22
m 24°
38 39 37
41
40
45
42
47 48 43
51
44
46
49
50
51
63
61 59
60
42
37
% Agartala
28
29
38
40
35
17
21
Im phal
16
%
65
75
%
13
18
Cal cu tta
%
53
52
67
54
74
68
Tertiary Coalfields
20°
73
72
#
Lignite Occurr ences
%
3. Ma kum
4. D illi - Jey por e
5. Tiru
%
Mum bai
6. B or ja n
#
1. Nichaho m Baram ul a
2. Nagbal
36. Jali pa
37. Lakhpat
3, 4. Firozpur Sh al ig an ga
5. Khari
38. Dhedadi
39. P ranpur
#
#
#
#
#
6. Gangashahr
40. Kaiyari
7, 8. Sarup Desar
9. Kol ayat
41. P anandhro
42. Akhrim ota
#
#
#
Gond wana Coalfields
70
%
68
67
69
#
#
43. Fu lradam
#
44. Um arsar
45. M udia
#
#
13. M an dal Charn an
46. M ata No Madh
14. Raneri
15. Hira Ki Dhani
47. Jul arai
48. Waghapadar
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
%
#
#
#
#
#
16. Lal amdesar
17. Bar S ing hsar
49. Lefri
#
#
#
18. P alana
#
50. Haml a
51. Nanaratad ia
#
#
#
19. Kasnau
12°20. Kuchera
#
#
52. Lakhanka Kharsal ia
21. Nim bri
53. Bhuri
54. S hah V astan
22. M arw ar Chapri
23. Butati
55. Ratnagiri
56. Nil eswaram
24. M erta Road
57. M ad ayi
#
#
#
#
#
#
25. Hansiyas
26. Gangard a
#
#
60. Jayamkond a Chol ap uram
61. Lal pettai
62. S rim ushnam
30. Nagarda
63. Neyvel i Sou th
31. Nim la
64. Bhuban giri
65. Neyvel i East
8° 32. Bharka
33. Botiya
34. Hami r j i ki Dhani
35. Kapurdi
Chen nai
%
%
#
#
#
63
62
66
65
60
64
61
59
58
66. Bahur
Trivandrum
%
67, 68, 69. Elu ru - Raj am un
70. Dom ra
m
72°
#
#
56
57
58. Warkala
59. M an nargudi
27. Lam ba Jatan
28. M okal a
29. I ndawar
#
Bang al ore
#
#
#
22. Singrima ri
52.
23. Abor H ills
53.
24. Daphla H ills
54.
25. Aka H ills
55.
26. Dar je eling
56.
27. Rajma ha l
57.
28. Birbhum
58.
29. Ta ngsuli
59.
30. Kundait Ka riah
60.
31. Saharjuri
61.
32. Jainti
62.
33-3 4. Giridih
63.
35. Raniga nj
64.
36. Bar jor a
65.
37. Jharia
66.
38. East Bok aro
67.
39. We st Boka ro
68.
40. Ram ga rh
69.
41. North Kar anpur a
70.
42. South K ar anpur a
71.
43. Chope
72.
44. Itk hori
73.
45. Aur anga
74.
46. Hutar
75.
47. Daltonga nj
76.
48-4 9-50 . Tatapa ni-Ra mkola 77.
51. Singrauli
78.
Korar
Uma ria
Johilla
Sohagpur
Sonhat-J hilim ili
Bisra mpur
La khanpur
Panchba hini
Dhama munda
Korea garh
Chir im iri
Sendur ga rh
Has do-Ar and
Korba
Mand- Raigarh
Ib River
Ta lc he r
Godava ri
Yelle ndu
Wa rdha
Bander
Umr er
Kam pte e
Pench K anhan
Pathakhe ra
Ta wa
Mohpani
#
#
#
#
#
#
%
24°
7. Tuen Sa ng
8. J ha nzi-D is ai
69
Hyderabad
55
#
10. Gura
11. Chaneri
12. Bithno k
m 20°
1. Miao-bum
2. N amc hik - Na mphuk
Bhu baneswar
71
#
m
12. Pynur sia
13. Cherr apunji
m
84°
Tertiary Coalfields
1. Miao-bum
2. Namchik-Namphuk
3. Makum
4. Dilli-Jeypore
5. Tiju
6. Borjan
7. Tuen Sang
8. Jhanzi-Disai
9. Koilajan
10. Diphu
11. Bapung
12. Pynursla
13. Cher rapunji
14. Laitryngew
15. Maw synr am
16. Maw long Shella
17. Langrin
18. Balphakram-Pendenggru
19. West Darangiri
20. Rongr enggri
21. Siju
m 24°
14. La itr ynge w
#
#
#
15. Mawsy nr am
16. Mawlong S he lla
Gondwana Coalfields
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
17. La ngrin
Calcutta
18. Balpha kr am - Pendenggru
19. We st Da ranggir i
22.
23.
24.
25.
%
20. Rongr enggri
21. Siju
79. Kalak ot - Mahoga la
m 12°
Singrim ari
Abor Hills
Daphla Hills
Aka Hills
#
m
#
#
50 0
#
0
50 0 kmK ilo m e te r s
m
88°
84°
m
92°
#
#
#
#
80°
#
#
84°
m
#
88°
m
m
#
26
Tertiary coalfields
#
Luc know
m 8°
#
#
%
#
m
80°
%
m 16°
#
m
76°
Agartala
Aizawl
9. K oilajan
10. Diphu
11. Bapung
Kohim a
Shillong
11
%
15 14 12
Shillong
19
%
36
66
20
Aizawl
# 70
58
64
76
39
45 41
46
57
62
55
78
77
32
27
34 33 31 30
44 43
47
50
56
54
%
%
48
49
52
53
Bho pal
Gan dhin agar
9
Koh im a
%
Shi llo ng
19
5
7
23
36
2
3
4
%
25
%
16°
m28°
23
79
32°
m
88°
m
92°
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
22
Patna
#
#
Bangladesh
%
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
27
51
47
24°
m
52
Bhopa l
53
%
56
33
41 39
42 40 38
45
57
32
34
37
61
60
31
28
30
35 29
m24°
Calcutta
%
66
Jamalganj
65
76
75
67
74
68
73
72
Bhuba ne sw ar
%
20°
71
m
69
Hydera ba d
%
70
16 °
m
m
80 °
Barapukuria
Dighipara
36
58
64
63
77
48 46
59
62
78
Lower Gondwana
Coalfields
55
54
49
50
44 43
22 . S i n g ri ma r i
26 . D a rj e e lin g
27 . R a jm a h a l
28 . B i rb h u m
29 . T a n gs u li
30 . K u n d a it K a r ia h
31 . S a h a r ju ri
32 . J a in ti
33 ,3 4 . G i ri d ih
m
84 °
51 .
52 .
53 .
54 .
55 .
56 .
57 .
58 .
59 .
60 .
61 .
62 .
63 .
64 .
65 .
66 .
67 .
68 .
69 .
70 .
71 .
72 .
73 .
74 .
75 .
76 .
77 .
78 .
S i n g ra u li
Korar
U m a ri a
J o hi la
S i h a gp u r
S o n h a t-J h il im il i
B i sr a m pu r
L a kh a n p u r
20°
P a n c hb a h in i
m
D h a m am u n d a
K o r e a ga r h
C h ir im i ri
S e n d u rg a r h
H a sd o - A ra n d
Korba
M a n d -R a ig a r h
Ib R iv e r
T a lch e r
G od a v ar i
Y e l le n d u
W a rd h a
Bander
U m re r
K a m p te e
P e n c h- K a n h a n
P a th a kh e r a
T a wa
M o h p a ni
35 . R a n ig a n j
36 . B a r jo r a
37 . J h ar ia
38 . E a s t B o ka ro
39 . W e st B o k ar o
40 . R a m g ar h
41 . N o rth K a r a n p ur a
42 . S o u th K a r an p u r a
43 . C h o p e
44 . Itk h or i
45 . A u r a n ga
46 . H u ta r
47 . D a lto n g a n j
48 ,4 9 ,5 0 . Ta ta p a n i- Ra m k ol a
m
88 °
m16°
Coal Resource base
Proved
99.06 b.t
257b. t.
(up to 1200m depth)
Proved
Indicated
Inferred
39%
Inferred
38.14 b.t
49%
12%
16%
Indicated
120.18 b.t
Power grade coal:
155.8 b. t. (60%)
(up to 1200m depth)
36%
48%
7%
42%
Quality-wise break-up of
Non-coking coal
51%
250
(87%)
200
160
140
224.08
155.81
120
150
100
80
100
50
0
60
40
(12.6%)
20
32.35
Coking
0.94
Non-Coking
High sulphur
35.67
32.5
0
Superior
Power grade
Ungraded
Indian coal resource is expressed in terms of :
Depth Range from surface
156.6
(in billion tonnes)
160
140
120
100
67.6
80
60
18.9
14.2
40
20
0
0 – 300m
0 – 600m
300m – 600m
600m – 1200m
Jharia CF only
Resource up to 1200m depth considered for National Inventory.
COALFIELDS OF INDIA
RAJMAHAL – BIRBHUM
MASTER BASIN
RANIGANJ BASIN
WARDHA –PRANHITA –
GODAVARI BASIN
Important geological
locales
for
storage
1. large aerial extent.
2. Coal seams ( > 50m)
occur beyond 1.0
Km depth.
3. Thick Cap rock.
CBM
4. Close proximity with
the thermal power
stations and other
industrial activities.
blocks are allotted in these coalfields.
LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY OF SOME GONDWANA BASINS OF INDIA
Godavari
0.0 Km
Deccan Trap
Chikiala
Kota
Damodar
Rajmahal
Supra-Panchet
Rajmahal Trap
Dubrajpur
Panchet
Up. Kamthi
2.0 Km
Panchet
Maleri
Raniganj
Raniganj
Md. Kamthi
Barren Measures
Lr. Kamthi
4.0 Km
Barakar
Barren Measures
Barakar
Barakar
Talchir
Talchir
SEAL ROCK
Barren Measures
Talchir
COAL SEAM
A
RCM-9
888.83 Salanpur-A Seam(61.97m)
967.75m
B
Chalbalpur-Mahismura
GEOLOGICAL SECTION ALONG A - B
RCM-9
PROJECTED BOREHOLE
RCM -9
Barakar coal occur beyond 1200m
888.83
61.97 m
967.75m
2500m
A
RCM-9
Area having Coal seams below 1200m
B
Prognosticated coal resource below
1200m depth – 30BT (Area700sq
km;Av. Coal thicness – 30m)
GENERALISED STRATIGRAPHIC SUCCESSION OF DEEPER PART OF
RANIGANJ BASIN
( A CASE HISTORY OF MULTI-LAYER TRAP AND RESERVOIR ROCKS)
0 Km
SUPRAPANCHET (coarse clastic) 600m
PANCHET (Intercalated shale-sandstone) 600m
1 Km
RANIGANJ (coal bearing sand-dominated) upto 1100m
Barren Measures (shale dominated -upto 90%) 800m
Barakar (coal bearing sand-dominated) upto 800m
2.5 Km
CAP ROCK
CO2 storage capacity – 600 MT
RESERVOIR ROCK
COAL SEAMS
TALCHIR FORMATION
Pachami
DPD-2
GEOLOGICAL MAP OF RAJMAHALBIRBHUM COALFIELDS
GEOLOGICAL MAP OF RAJMAHAL AND BIRBHUM COALFIELDS
JHARKHAND AND WEST BENGAL
87°00'
87°10'
87°20'
87°30'
87°40'
87°50'
10
88°00'
0
10 km
25°20'
25°20'
Pirpainti RS.
Sahibganj
Kahalgaon
Bara
25°10'
25°10'
Mahagama
HURA
Phulberia
25°00'
Rajmahal RS.
25°00'
Simra
Berhait
Barharwa
Hansdiha
24°50'
24°50'
Pakur
24°40'
24°40'
URMAPAHARITOLA
Amrapara
24°30'
24°30'
Gopikandar
24°20'
CHAUDHARGARIAPANI
Katikund
Ongoing blocks
Completed blocks
Proposedblock
Saldaha
Dumka
24°10'
Alluvium
Rajmahal Formation
Upper Gondwanas
Lower Gondwanas
Metamorphics
87°00'
87°10'
24°20'
SAHARPURJAMARPANI
LEGEND
Rampurhat
KULKULIDANGALSITASAL
BORTALAMATHURAPUR
RAMPURMALLARPUR
87°20'
87°30'
24°10'
Fatehpur
Khargram
87°40'
87°50'
88°00'
755.10
64.04 m
Trap thickness increases generally towards east
Maximum Trap thickness recorded –370m in
southeastern part of the basin
940.45m
TECTONIC MAP OF RAJMAHAL BASIN ( EASTERN PART )
88°
50 0
0
50 0 kmK ilo m e te r s
80°
84°
m
88°
m
m
26
Luc know
%
26°
22
Patna
%
CDN-40
27
51
47
24°
m
52
Purnia
Bhopa l
53
%
55
54
56
44 43
48 46
45
32
34
33
41 39
42 40
57
59
62
63
61
60
78
77
49
50
38
37
31
28
30
35 29
m24°
36
58
64
Calcutta
%
66
65
76
Raiganj
Kathar
75
Y
Dinajpu
r
67
74
68
73
72
Bhuba ne sw ar
%
20°
71
m
69
Hydera ba d
%
70
1500m
16 °
m
m
80 °
22 . S i n g ri ma r i
26 . D a rj e e lin g
27 . R a jm a h a l
28 . B i rb h u m
29 . T a n gs u li
30 . K u n d a it K a r ia h
31 . S a h a r ju ri
32 . J a in ti
33 ,3 4 . G i ri d ih
m
84 °
51 .
52 .
53 .
54 .
55 .
56 .
57 .
58 .
59 .
60 .
61 .
62 .
63 .
64 .
65 .
66 .
67 .
68 .
69 .
70 .
71 .
72 .
73 .
74 .
75 .
76 .
77 .
78 .
S i n g ra u li
Korar
U m a ri a
J o hi la
S i h a gp u r
S o n h a t-J h il im il i
B i sr a m pu r
L a kh a n p u r
20°
P a n c hb a h in i
m
D h a m am u n d a
K o r e a ga r h
C h ir im i ri
S e n d u rg a r h
H a sd o - A ra n d
Korba
M a n d -R a ig a r h
Ib R iv e r
T a lch e r
G od a v ar i
Y e l le n d u
W a rd h a
Bander
U m re r
K a m p te e
P e n c h- K a n h a n
P a th a kh e r a
T a wa
M o h p a ni
35 . R a n ig a n j
36 . B a r jo r a
37 . J h ar ia
38 . E a s t B o ka ro
39 . W e st B o k ar o
40 . R a m g ar h
41 . N o rth K a r a n p ur a
42 . S o u th K a r an p u r a
43 . C h o p e
44 . Itk h or i
45 . A u r a n ga
46 . H u ta r
47 . D a lto n g a n j
48 ,4 9 ,5 0 . Ta ta p a n i- Ra m k ol a
m16°
m
88 °
Sahibganj
25°
X
HURA
Murshidabad
88°
INDEX
Alluvium
Rajmahal Trap
Lower Gondwana
Metamorphics
Borehole
GEOLOGICAL SECTION ALONG X – Y IN RAJMAHAL BASIN
X
Y
CDN - 40
Tertiary
Dubrajpur
25m
50m
Panchet
64.04 m
755.10
1 Km 940.45m
653m
1220m
Raniganj
Reservoir Area 3000sq km (appx)
Av. Coal thickness 30m
Barren Measures
Barakar
Prognosticated Resources – 135 B
2 Km
0 Km
3 Km
Talchir
CO2 storage capacity 5000
MT
150 Km
Ramagundem
GENERALISED STRATIGRAPHIC SUCCESSION OF GODAVARI BASIN
0 Km DECCAN TRAP- upto 250m
( A CASE HISTORY OF DOUBLE-LAYER
TRAP AND RESERVOIR ROCKS)
GANGARAMPUR / CHIKIALA –sand dominated- 150m
KOTA –mostly sand dominated500m
UPPER KAMTHI coarse clastic dominated- 600m
MALERI / MIDDLE KAMTHI –mud dominated - upto
700m
2 Km
LOWER KAMTHI – sand dominated
BARREN MEASURES-intercalated sand-mud-upto 500m
Barakar
(coal- Sand
bearing
sand-dominated)
upto 350m
BARAKAR
dominated
350m
TALCHIR –sand-mud intercalation- upto 500m
4 Km
Area 300sq km
Av. Coal thickness 5m
Prog. Resource 20 BT
CO2 storage capacity 800MT
CAP ROCK
RESERVOIR ROCK
BARAKAR COAL SEAMS
TALCHIR FORMATION
3
2
Coal basin Reservoir
area(sq km)
Av. Coal
(m)
Resource Capacity
(BT)
(MT)
Raniganj
700
30
30
600
Rajmahal
3000
30
135
5000
Godavari
3000
5
20
800
Total
6700
185
6400
COAL WING OF GSI
WITH ITS RICH AND ROBUST GEOSCIENTIFIC
DATABASE ( SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE)
ON ALL COAL BASINS OF INDIA
AND HAVING ADEQUATE EXPERTISE IN FIELD AND
LABORATORY STUDIES
IS CAPABLE TO
DELINEATE THE SUITABLE SITES FOR CO2 STORAGE
IN DEEP SEATED UNMINABLE COAL SEAMS AND
ASSOCIATED PERMEABLE AND IMPERMEABLE
ROCKS
CONSIDERING ALL GEOLOGICAL FACTORS
Collaborative work to be performed by coal wing, GSI; CMFRI
and Foreign Agencies/Institutions
NATURE OF WORKS
• DELINEATION OF BASIN WISE AREAS WITH COAL
RESOURCE OCCURING BELOW 1200m DEPTH
• DETAILED STUDY OF FAULT AND FRACTURE
PATTERN
• COAL PETROGRAPHY INCLUDING DETAILED
STUDY OF CLEAT PATTERN
• PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTER OF ROCKS
• PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COAL
• DESORPTION OF CH4 AND SORPTION OF CO2
CHARACTER OF COAL