Mekong Energy and Ecology Network
The First Mekong Energy and Ecology Training
VIETNAM ELECTRICITY SECTOR
- AN INTRODUCTION -
Thailand, May 2009
CONTENTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Status of Electricity Sector
Fuel Sources for Electricity Generation
Status of Renewable Energy
Procedure for Making PDP
Power Sector Issues
2
ENERGY SECTOR IN VIETNAM
Energy Sector in Vietnam
Government of Vietnam
Governmental Office
Ministry of Planning and Investment
Ministry of Finance
Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment
Ministry of Science and Technology
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
Ministry of Transportation
Ministry of Industry and Trade
Electricity of Vietnam
Department of Energy
Department of Science and Technology
Department of Technical Safety
Electricity Authority Regulartory of Vietnam
Petro Vietnam
Vinacomin
Power Plants
Exploration
Companies
Mining Companies
NPT
Oil Product Importers
Coal Exporters
Power Companies
Refinery
Power Plants
Petrolimex and
other oil product importers
IPPs
Gas processing
Power Plants
3
GDP AND ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION AND
DEMAND
80,000
500
70,000
450
GWh
350
50,000
300
40,000
250
30,000
200
150
20,000
Thousand billion VND
400
60,000
100
10,000
50
-
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
Electricity Production

Electricity Consumption
GDP
GDP had increased at 7.75%, while electricity production and
consumption at 14.25 and 14.67% annually
4
CAPACITY MIX
Import
4%
IPP
23%
Hydro
33%
Diesel + Small hydro
3%
Gas fired
24%
Coal fired
11%
Oil fired
2%


Total installed capacity is more than 13,000 MW with hydropower, coal,
gas, oil and import
IPP generating capacity includes coal, gas, hydro and renewable power
5
GENERATION MIX
80,000.0
70,000.0
60,000.0
IPP + Import
GWh
50,000.0
Diesel + Small hydro
40,000.0
Gas fired
30,000.0
Oil fired
Coal fired
20,000.0
Hydro
10,000.0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
6
INSTALLED CAPACITY AND PEAK DEMAND
16,000.0
14,000.0
12,000.0
GWh
10,000.0
8,000.0
Installed capacity
6,000.0
Peak demand
4,000.0
2,000.0
2000


2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Peak demand had increased at 12.7% annually while capacity at 11.8%
In 2007, peak demand was 11,286 MW
7
ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION
695
60,000.0
610
540
GWh
50,000.0
435
40,000.0
30,000.0
295
338
478
382
800
700
600
500
400
300
20,000.0
200
10,000.0
100
-
kWh/person.year
70,000.0
Others
Residential
Service
Industrial
Agricultural
Consumption per capita
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007


Total electricity consumption in 2007 was 58,414 GWh
Industrial and residential shares accounts for 90% of total consumption
8
FUEL CONSUMPTION FOR ELECTRICITY
GENERATION
400.0
350.0
Peta Joules
300.0
250.0
Natural gas
200.0
Diesel oil
150.0
Fuel oil
Coal
100.0
50.0
0.0
2000


2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Coal and gas are currently main fuels for power generation
Coal is main fuel in future including domestic and imported coal types
9
OPTIONS FOR FUEL SOURCES









Hydropower: Potential mainly concentrated to the northern and southern regions
Coal-fired power plants: The coal-fired power plants are currently mainly concentrated to the northern region
where the coal reserves are located. Coal may however be transported from the north or imported from
outside (e.g. from Australia) that will facilitate coal-fired power plants also in the central and the south.
Gas-fired power plants and combined cycle gas turbines (CCGT): The gas-fired power plants are mainly
concentrated to the southern region where the offshore gas reserves are located. Gas reserves are however
limited and other types of energy sources will be required to cover the future demand in the southern region.
Nuclear power: Uranium for nuclear power plants will need to be imported due to limited domestic resources.
Import of hydropower: Import will be to the northern (mainly from China) and central (mainly from Laos) and
southern parts (mainly from Cambodia).
Renewable energy, including small hydropower: Renewable energy (500 MW) and small hydro (1,400 MW)
are mainly being used for rural electrification in remote areas that for economic reasons may not be
connected to the national grid.
Pumped storage hydropower: Pumped storage plants (4,200 MW) will used to produce peak power using
surplus base load energy during the pumping mode.
Diesel and oil-fired plant: (-485 MW) will be taken out of service as they are the most expensive power plants
to operate.
Energy efficiency and conservation
10
RESOURCE DISTRIBUTION
Red River Delta
Na Duong
Concave Area
Coal Deposit
An Chau - Thai
Nguyen
Coalfield
Quang Ninh
Black River
Coalfield
Coalfield
Nghe Tinh
Coalfield
Nong Son
Coal Deposit
Ba River
Coal Deposit
Di Linh
Peat Deposit in the
Mekong River
Delta
Coal Deposit
11
ELECTRICITY DEMAND FORECAST
800,000
700,000
600,000
Others
GWh
500,000
Residential
400,000
Service
300,000
Industrial
200,000
Agricultural
100,000
2005


2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
Electricity consumption is projected to increase at 14% during 2010-2020
and 7% during 2020-2030
Industrial and residential sectors are two main consumers
12
POWER DEVELOPMENT PLANT
700,000
GWh
600,000
500,000
Import
400,000
Nuclear
Renewable
300,000
Hydro
200,000
Gas
Coal
100,000
2010


2015
2020
2025
Coal will be the main source for power generation including domestic
and import coal types
Nuclear power is expected to come in 2020
13
PROCEDURE FOR MAKING POWER
DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Prime Minister’
decision on
approval of PDP
Government
Submitting PDP to
Government for approval
National Appraisal Commission for PDP
(headed by Ministry of Industry; including other
related ministries and institutions)
Ministry
of
Industry
Assigning a consultant to
make PDP
Submitting
PDP to
Ministry of
Industry for
appraisal
Consultant
(i.e. Institute of Energy for
the series of PDP 1 to 6)
14
RENEWABLE SHARE IN TOTAL PRIMARY
ENERGY SUPPLY (2005)
Nuclear
0.000%
Hydro
9.811%
Rice Husk
2.053%
Electricity
0.074%
Gas
11.390%
Straw
4.252%
Baggase
1.387%
Other
31.536%
Woodfuel
19.633%
Other biomass
3.787%
Oil
27.294%
Wind
0.001%
Coal
19.894%
Bio Diesel
0.000%
Bio Ethanol
0.000%
Small
Hydro
0.300%
Biogas
0.113%
Landfill Gas
0.003%
Solar
Tidal 0.006%
0.000%
Geothermal
0.000%
15
RENEWABLE SHARE IN POWER
GENERATION (2005)
Geothermal
0.000%
Petroleum
Products
3.377%
Large Hydro
32.043%
Windpower
0.005%
Tidal
0.000%
Solar
0.020%
Biomass power
0.011%
Nuclear Power
0.000%
Autoproducer CHP Plant
0.577%
Other
1.594%
Small Hydro
0.981%
Gas
45.701%
Coal
17.285%
16
CURRENT ISSUES IN POWER SECTOR
Growing power demand
 Energy efficiency
 Environmental impact
 Power supply capability
 Power sector reform
 Tariff setting

17
THANK YOU!