ROCKS
ROCKS
Dynamic Earth
What are Rocks?
What is the Rock Cycle?
DO NOW
SWBAT describe and explain the rock cycle
Enter silently
Grab Materials
Rocks
Begin Do Now
1. Draw a circle around the word “Rocks”. Around the circle write down
everything you already know about rocks.
NOTEBOOKS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFVTDUh45Tc
While watching the video consider:
Why is studying the Earth is important?
Rocks give us a clue about Earth’s History
We should understand where we live
Could help us understand how other planets are
WHAT ARE ROCKS?
Picture:
Definition:
Naturally formed solid that
is usually made up of one or
more types of minerals
Example: (Rocks)
Igneous- “fire formed”
Sedimentary- “layers”
Metamorphic- “changed”
Non-Example (minerals)
Quartz
Calcite
Muscovite
DYNAMIC EARTH
1. Earth is not static- It’s moving and shifting around all the time
2. Plate tectonics- plates constantly shifting on the mantle
3. Erosion and weathering
4. Volcanism- building new land
All of these contribute to the rock cycle
and the creation of rocks
OLD CONTINENTS, YOUNG OCEANS
ROCK CYCLE
Observations:
1. What do you see?
Inferences:
1. What can rocks change into?
2. How do they change?
CREATE YOUR FOLDABLE
Title: Rock Cycle
Flap 1: Heat, Pressure, and Cooling
Flap 2: Weathering
Flap 3: Erosion
Flap 4: Compacting
Flap 5: Cementing
HEAT AND PRESSURE
When molten rock cools on
the surface of the crust or
below it in the mantle,
igneous rock can form
With heat and pressure an
igneous rock or sedimentary
rock is changed into a
metamorphic rock
WEATHERING
The breaking down of rocks through wind, water,
or chemical reactions.
EROSION
The movement of sediment by wind, water, ice, or
gravity.
Agents of erosion
Wind
Water
Ice
gravity
COMPACTING
Squeezes layers of rocks and sediment together
CEMENTING
Glues sediments together by clay, or by minerals
like silica or calcite
EXIT TICKET
1.
2.
3.
DO NOW (IGNEOUS)
SWBAT describe igneous rock as extrusive or intrusive
by how they form and texture/grain sizes
1. What are the three types of rocks?
2. Open your notebook to yesterday’s note page.
How does igneous rock
form?
EARTH’S CRUST IS MADE UP OF ROCKS!
Entire Crust
1. Observations?
2. Which rock type is
common within the
Surface of Crust crust?
3. Which rock type is
common on the crust’s
surface?
25%
75%
95% igneous/Metamorphic
5% Sedimentary
Sedimentary
Igneous and Metamorphic
CREATE YOUR FOLDABLE
Title the page in your
notebook:
Types of Rocks
IGNEOUS ROCK
1. The term igneous comes from the Latin ignis, meaning "fire".
2. Igneous is used to describe rocks that crystallize out of hot molten material.
3. When magma pushes up through Earth's crust to the surface, it is called lava.
4. Both magma and lava cool and harden to form igneous rocks.
\
IGNEOUS ROCKS
Form when molten rock cools and becomes solid. Can form within the Earth of
on the surface.
Magma and lava form different types of igneous rocks
1. Intrusive igneous rock- Formed when magma cools within the Earth
(Granite, Gabbro)
1. Extrusive igneous rock- Formed when lava cools on Earth’s surface
(Basalt, Rhyolite, Pumice)
CRYSTALLIZE!
You are lava that has just come out of the sea floor at a mid-oceanic ridge and you are
beginning to cool down.
1.
Spread out around the room
2.
When you here “CRYSTALLIZE” try to form a group around the room with students that have the same
index card name.
3.
When you here “FREEZE” stop where you are at and focus on me.
Discussion Questions:
With little time, how big are the crystal groups?
With more time, how big did the groups get compare to less time?
What type of igneous rocks were formed?
How did cooling rate affect the size of crystals formed?
IGNEOUS ROCKS
Texture and Grain Size
1. Magma cools slowly, so intrusive igneous rocks have more time to
cool and form larger grain and crystal size.
The interior of the Earth is very hot
High temperatures allow magma to cool slowly
Slow cooling allows time for large mineral crystals to form
2. Lava cools faster since it is exposed to air and water on the surface,
which causes smaller grain and crystal sizes in extrusive igneous rocks.
Surface is cooler than Earth’s interior
Lower temperature causes lava to cool quickly
Fast cooling means less time for mineral crystals to form.
EXIT TICKET.
Look at each picture/ rock
Claim: Extrusive or intrusive
Evidence: Provide one reason for evidence for
each rock
EXTRUSIVE OR INTRUSIVE? WHY?
EXTRUSIVE OR INTRUSIVE? WHY?
EXTRUSIVE OR INTRUSIVE? WHY?
DO NOW (IGNEOUS)
SWBAT describe igneous and sedimentary rocks
Granite
Rhyolite
1. Look at the sample of granite and a same of rhyolite. These two
igneous rocks contain the same minerals, so their chemical
compositions are very similar. Yet granite and rhyolite look very
different. What do you think might cause this difference?
IGNEOUS ROCKS
T-P-S (30 seconds each)
1. You can see extrusive igneous rocks on Earth’s
surface, but how can you see intrusive igneous rocks?
Erosion
Plates moving, sliding under each other pushing rocks to
the surface
GRAIN SIZE
Coarse- Large, visible with eyes alone
Medium- Most seen with a hand lens
Fine- Most cannot be seen
IGNEOUS IDENTIFICATION LAB
DO NOW (SEDIMENTARY)
SEDIMENTARY
Compaction
Cementation
Weathering
Erosion
CHALK DISSOLVE ACTIVITY?
What happened to your chalk?
SEDIMENTS
Definition:
Picture:
Materials that settle after erosion or
weathering
Builds up over time to form layers of
sedimentary rock
Example:
Non-Example:
Loose pieces of rocks, minerals, and
plant and animal remains.
Igneous and metamorphic rock
EROSION
WEATHERING
Over millions and
millions of years,
the grand canyon
was carved by the
flow of water
(Colorado river)
breaking up the
rock, and
depositing the
sediments down
stream.
EROSION AND WEATHERING
Glaciers, pulled by gravity, and
scrapes the ground moving
sediments and depositing them
further down a slope.
PICTURE OF WATER WHEEL HIKE
What is the erosion? What is the weathering?
T-P-S
Face partner, across from you
30 Seconds
1. What is the difference between weathering and erosion?
30 Seconds
2. Given an example of weathering and erosion
WEATHERING VS. EROSION
Weathering
Wearing away of
rocks by wind,
water, sand, and
chemicals.
Erosion
Movement of
sediments made
after weathering,
usually by wind,
water, and gravity.
EXIT TICKET
1.
2.
3.
DO NOW (SED)
To the right is a picture of a landform
1. What agent of weathering caused the landform to look how it does?
2. What type of rock is this landform: Sedimentary or Igneous?
SEDIMENTARY ROCK
Form from loose material (sediments) that get pressed together or cemented
into rock
Fossils are found mostly in sedimentary rock
Example:
Sandstone
Limestone
Where is the oldest rock?
Where is the newest?
Rocks help us understand the Earth’s History.
What’s cementation?
SOME SEDIMENTARY ROCK FORM FROM PLANTS
OR SHELLS
(Natural land bridge picture)
Limestone Made of calcite. Shells of
Organisms settle on the ocean
floor over time they become buried
by water moving sediment.
The layers get pressed together
and cemented to form limestone
SOME ROCKS FORM WHEN DISSOLVED
MINERALS REFORM
Minerals crystalize along the edges of lakes and oceans, where the water
evaporates quickly
Over time, the minerals build up and form layers of sedimentary rock.
Examples:
Rock Salt
Gypsum
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS AND THE WIND
Sedimentary rocks are laid down in layers
Crossbeds
Wind direction
Past wind direction?
Mud Cracks
Wet and dry periods
Ripples
SEDIMENTARY ROCK PROPERTIES LAB
Fill out your chart on the Sedimentary rocks at your table.
Color, Observations- fossils? Layers? Crossbeds, ripples? Grain size- coarse, medium,
fine?
DO NOW (METAMORPHIC)
METAMORPHIC
Heat and pressure
ACTIVITY
Rub your hand together- what do you feel?
Press your hand together hard- what do you feel?
Where is the
metamorphic rock?
What’s below it?
What’s above it?
Where is the heat?
Where is the pressure?
METAMORPHIC
Form when an existing sedimentary or igneous rock is changed by heat or
pressure into a new rock.
Example: Shale changes into Gneiss.
Video
FOLIATION
Foliated Metamorphic Rocks
FOLIATION
Non-Foliated Metamorphic rocks
METAMORPHIC ROCK PROPERTIES LAB
Fill out your chart with the rocks at your table
Observation- shiny? Texture?
Grain size- course, medium, fine
DO NOW (ROCK CYCLE FOLDABLE/ POSTER)
ROCK CYCLE CLOSE READ
Circle words you don’t know
Underline important facts (processes that makes rocks)
Highlight types of rocks and examples
CREATE YOUR ROCK CYCLE FOLDABLE
Create a foldable on
the rock cycle.
Include
1.
Igneous
2.
Metamorphic
3.
Sedimentary
4.
Sediment
5.
(process that they’re made by with arrows)
Label arrows with: Erosion, weathering,
compaction, cementation, heat pressure, cooling.
6.
An example of each rock
7. Description of how each rock changes into
another rock
DO NOW
ROCK CYCLE LAB
Crayon Lab
DO NOW
MAKE YOUR OWN STUDY GUIDE